C. the subway safety.
229. Which is the best topic according to the passage? A
A. traffic accidents take a tremendous toll of human lives and personal property. B. the traffic accidents are very important thing we must consider. C. statistical figures of accidents show.
230. According to this passage, how many licensed drivers are involved in accidents in 1978? C A. 49.400 B. 142,200,000 C. 31,500,000
231. According to this passage, how many persons were injured in 1978? C A. 18,300,000 B. 49,400 C. 1,400,000
Passage Fifteen
The Federal Highway Administration requires each state to establish a highway safety improvement program from the standpoint of roadway design and control. The objectives of the program are to identify and eliminate hazardous locations on the state highway systems. The program provides for the correction of locations or elements which (a) are identified as hazardous by accident analysis, (b) can be expected to produce a measurable reduction in the number and severity of accidents, and (c) compare favorably with safety work for which the relation of reduction in accident costs to costs of improvement has been determined.
232. According to the passage, the Federal Highway Administration requires B . A. each state to make a highway regulation. B. each state to establish a highway safety program. C. each state to establish a highway safety law
233. The aid of the improvement program is to identify and eliminate B . 31
A. hazardous feeder highway. B. hazardous locations. C. hazardous vehicles
234. According to the passage, the main topic is A . A. Federal Highway Administration set the highway safety program. B. Federal Highway Administration set the railway safety program. C. Federal Highway Administration set the railway fee program. 235. According to the passage, which of the following is Not true? A A. the correction of locations or elements can be expected not to produce. B. the correction of locations or elements is identified as hazardous.
C. the correction of locations or elements compare favorably with safety work.
四．英译汉题：
236. Engineering graduates have to pass an examination, similar to the bar examinations for a lawyer.
工程专业毕业生必须通过考试，就类似于律师要通过职业考试。
237. The structural design of any structure first involves the establishment of the loading and other
design conditions that must be resisted by the structure and therefore must be considered in its design.任何结构的结构设计首先包含确定荷载和其他设计条件，这些条件是结构必须承受的，因而在设计中必须加以考虑。
238. Selection of equipment depends on the nature of the material, how far it is to be moved, and the
method of disposal. 设备的选择主要决定于材料的性质、运距以及处理的方式。
239. Conventional ground surveys were the original location techniques available to highway
engineers until developments in electronics. 常规的地形测量是电子技术发展之前公路工程师可以利用的最初的定线技术。
240. At many structure sites the field investigations indicate that channel relocations and
improvements above and below the structure may provide a better situation from the hydraulic standpoint. 在很多构造物现场，现场调查表明：根据水力学的观点，重新调整和改进在结
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构的上部和下部的沟渠位置可能提供更好的状况。
241. Railroad trains must follow the precise alignment of the tracks, and the discomfort described
above can be avoided only by adopting easement curves. 火车必须遵循轨道上的精确线形，而且以上所描述的不舒适感只要通过采用缓和曲线就可以避免。
242. An urban transportation system is a basic component of an urban area?s social, economic, and
physical structure. 城市交通运输系统是一个城市地区社会、经济和物质结构的基本组成部分。
243. A modified three-level diamond design permits free flow of straight-through traffic on both
arterials. 一种改进的三层菱形立交设计可以使两条干线上的直行交通都能自由通行。 244. These improvements result from the fact that nonelastic and nonlinear effects that become significant in the vicinity of ultimate behavior of the structure can be accounted for. 这种改进来源于这样一个事实，即：在结构的极限性能附近变得很重要的非弹性和非线性效应能够予以解释。
245. The preliminary reconnaissance will have established primary and secondary controls for one or more feasible routes and will have fixed each location within a band of limited width, possibly within a few hundred feet. 前期的踏勘将对一条或更多的可行线路建立主要和次要的控制点，并且在有限宽度的条带内，可能达到数百英尺，确定每条线路的位置。 246. Construction plans and specifications stipulate many requirements that are to be met by materials or construction procedures. 施工计划和规范规定了很多材料或施工过程需要满足的要求。
247. Average car occupancy in most cities is less than 1.5 persons per vehicle. 在大多数城市小车的平均装载量都小于每辆车1.5人。
248. Stop lights, backup lights, and four-way emergency flashers also aid in vehicle safety. 停车灯、倒车灯和紧急闪烁灯也是有助于车辆安全的。
249. Easement curves have been used by the railroads for many years, but their adoption by
highway agencies came much later. 缓和曲线在铁路使用已经很多年了，但是被公路部门采用要晚得多。
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250. It is possible to reduce traffic congestion if peak period flows can be spread out over longer period of time. 如果高峰期流量可以分布到较长的时间段内，就有可能减少交通拥堵。 251. The other is called “result” or “end result”, stipulates the desired end product and leaves manner and method to the contractor. 另外一种方法被称为结果或最终结果，它规定了预期的最终产品并将方式与方法留给承包商来选择。
252. Signs should be adequately spread on the approach to and departure from each interchange. 标志应该分散在每一个互通立交引道出入口处。
253. A decrease in initial cost of the structure installation is impossible; however, maintenance and possible future cost should not be overlooked in considering the feasibility of this choice. 减少构造物的初始造价是可能的，但是，考虑这一选择的可能性时，不能忽视养护和将来可能需要的费用。
254. If a beam supports a load above, the beam itself must have sufficient strength to counterbalance that weight. 一旦粱上面有负载，那么这根梁必须有足够的强度来支撑这个负载。
255. No payment is due until the work is complete. 完工后付款。
256. The employer might be able to postpone indefinitely his liability to pay for the works. 业主可以无限期延迟付给工程款。
257. It is now common practice to test scale models of bridges in wind tunnels for aerodynamic resistance. 现在的通常做法是把按比例缩小的桥梁模型放在风洞里检测它们的空气动力抵抗力。
258. Unless there is a bridge, tunnel, or other special structure, this roadbed is constructed of in-situ soils or on earth embankment. 只要没有桥梁、隧道或其他特殊建筑，路基就可以建在土堤上。
259. Loaders and shovels easily dig common excavation without blasting. 装载机和挖土机能够不需要爆破就进行普通的挖掘。
260. 264. Traffic accidents take a tremendous toll of human lives, personal property, and cause untold grief and misery. 交通事故使人类生命、财产蒙受巨大损失，带来数不尽的悲伤和
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