We would prefer playing outdoors to watching television. 我们宁愿在外面玩而不愿看电视。

5. prefer to do sth rather than do sth 喜欢……而不喜欢，宁愿……而不愿……。如： I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus. 我宁愿走路去而不愿乘公共汽车去。 He prefers to read rather than watch television. 他喜欢读书而不喜欢看电视。

注：该句型 rather than 后的动词通常用动词原形， 有时也用带 to 不定式或用动名词，但均不及用动词原形常见。

prepare

1. be prepared against sth 对(某种不好的东西)作好准备。如： We must be prepared against war. 我们必须备战。

2. be prepared for sth 准备(有某种情况)，防备(某情况)。如：

We were not prepared for the heavy rain. 我们没有提防要下这么大一场雨。 She wasn’t prepared for the question. 对于这个问题他是没有思想准备的。 3. be prepared to do sth 准备做某事，打算做某事，愿意做某事。如： I’m prepared to accept it. 我准备接受。

How much is she prepared to pay? 他准备付多少钱? 比较：

We are prepared to do it. 我们已准备好(或愿意)做此事。 We are preparing to do it. 我们正在准备要做此事。 4. prepare for sth 为……准备。如：

We must prepare for the party. 我们必须为聚会做准备。 The children are preparing for their lessons. 孩子们正在预习功课。

注：该句型中的介词 for 有时可省略。省略 for 与不省略 for的细微区别是：省略 for 表示“准备……”，相当于get sth ready, 常暗示所需时间较短；不省略 for 表示“为……准备”，

相当于 make preparations for, 常暗示所需时间较长。如：

I’d better go upstairs and prepare her room. 我最好上楼去给她准备房间。

We only heard about the meeting yesterday, so we haven’tstarted preparing for it yet. 我们只在昨天才听说开会的事，所以到现在还没有开始准备。

5. prepare sb sth / prepare sth for sb 为某人准备某物。如：

She is preparing us a meal. / She is preparing a meal forus. 她在给我们准备饭菜。 6. prepare sb for sth 使某人为某事作好准备。如：

They’re preparing the children for the examination. 他们在指导孩子准备考试。 He prepared her for the bad news. 他要她作好接那坏消息的心理准备。 注：有时用于 prepare sb to do sth。如：

We’ll prepare the child to face the difficulty. 我们要教孩子准备面对困难。 7. prepare to do sth 准备做某事。如：

Have you prepared to go on a trip? 你准备好去旅行了吗?

He prepared to write a novel about the war. 他准备写一本战争小说。

pretend

1. pretend to do sth (1) 假装做某事。如：

He pretended to be ill. 他假装生病了。

He pretended to like us, but he didn’t. 他假装喜欢我们，但其实并不喜欢。 (2) 假扮做某事。如：

Let’s pretend to be soldiers. 我们来假扮军人吧。

注：pretend 后的不定式有时根据情况可用进行式或完成式。如： He pretended to be doing his homework. 他假装在做作业。 He pretended not to have seen me. 他假装没看见我。 prevent

1. prevent one’s doing sth 阻止某人做某事。如： The rain prevented his coming. 大雨使他不能来。

Nothing will prevent my marrying her. 我要娶她为妻，什么也阻不了。 2. prevent sb (sth) (from) (doing) sth 阻止某人(某事)做某事。如： The rain prevented him (from) coming. 大雨使他不能来。

We couldn’t prevent her from spending the money. 我们无法阻止她花这笔钱。 注：该句型中的介词 from 通常可省略，但在被动语态中通常不省略。如： She was prevented by illness from taking the exam. 她因病未能参加考试。 price

1. at a price 以相当高的价格，以相当高的代价。如： He won but only at a price. 他赢了，但付出了很高的代价。

There are fresh oranges in this shop----at a price. 这个店子有新鲜桔子卖，但很贵。 比较：以各句中的介词 at 表示“以……价格(代价)”。如： I will buy the furniture at that price. 我愿按那个价格买下家具。

They won the battle, but at the price of many lives. 他们打赢了这一战，但却牺牲了许多生命。

2. What’s the price of……? ……的价格是多少? What’s the price of the this camera? 这部照相机多少钱?

注：不说 How much is the price of……? 但可说 How much is something? 如： How much is this camera? 这部照相机多少钱? pride

1. pride oneself on (doing) sth 以(做)某事而自豪。如： She prides herself on cooking. 她以会做饭而感到自豪。

He prided himself on knowing 10 languages. 他为自己懂得十种语言而自豪。 2. take [feel, show] pride in (doing) sth 以(做)某事而感到骄傲(自豪)。如：

She takes great pride in her children’s success. 她为自己孩子取得的成绩感到无比骄傲。 He feels pride in his wealth. 他对自己的财富感到自豪。

A man has a right to show pride in his library. 一个有权对自己的藏书表示自豪。 注：有时可用不定冠词。如：

He takes (a) great pride in his work. 他对自己的工作很自豪(得意)。 prison

1. (be) in prison 坐牢，受监禁。如：

He has been in prison for 5 years. 他已坐了五年牢。 He died in prison. 他死于狱中。

2. cast [put, throw] sb into prison 把某人关入监狱。如： The thief was put into prison. 小偷被关进了监狱。

The two brothers were thrown into prison. 两兄弟都被关进了监狱。 3. send [take] sb to prison 把某人关入监狱。如： He was sent to prison for five years. 他被判五年监禁。

They were sent [taken] to prison for stealing money. 他们因偷钱被关进监狱。 prize

1. award (sb) a prize 授(予某人)奖。如： The judges awarded her the first prize for her picture. /

The judges awarded the firstprizetoherforherpicture. 评委把她的画评为一等奖。 1. win a prize 获奖。如：

She won first prize for singing. 她获唱歌头等奖。

He won a prize for writing the best story. 他获得了最佳故事创作奖。 注：有时也用动词 gain, get, take, receive 等。如：

He got [gained, took] (the) firstprizeatthespeechcontest. 他在演讲比赛中获得头奖。 problem 1. no problem

(1) 不用谢，别客气(用于回答感谢)。如： A：Thank you very much. 非常感谢你。 B：No problem. 别客气。 (2) 没关系(用于回答道歉)。如：

A：Excuse me for smoking here. 请原谅我在这儿抽烟了。 B：No problem. 没关系。 (3) 没问题，小事一桩。如：

A：Could you post the letter for me? 请帮我寄这封信好吗? B：No problem. 没问题。

2. solve a problem 解决问题(难题)。如： He’s solved the problem. 他已解决了那个问题。

They are discussing how to slove the problem. 他们在讨论如何解决这个难题。 progress

1. in progress 在进行中，在举行。如：

The harvest is still in progress. 收割仍在进行中。 The building of the bridge is in progress. 桥梁正在建造中。 2. make progress 进步，前进，进展。如：

Study hard [well] and make progress every day. 好好学习，天天向上。 He makes no progress in his studies. 他的学业没有进步。

We made great progress with our work. 我们在工作上取得了很大的进步。 promise

1. make a promise 答应，许愿。如： It’s easy to make a promise. 许愿是容易的。

He made a promise that he would pay back within a week. 他答应在一周之内会偿还。 2. promise sb sth / promise sth to sb 答应给某人某物。如： He promised me a quick answer. 他答应(我)尽快答复。

He promised me a reward. / He promised a reward to me. 他答应给我报酬。 3. promise to do sth 答应做某事。如： I promise to come. 我答应来。

He promised to lend me some money. 他答应借给我一些钱。 注：该句型也可用 promise that-clause 来改写。如： I promise that I will come.

He promised (that) he would lend me some money. 4. promise sb to do sth 答应某人做某事。如： He promised me to come. 他答应我来。

I promised her to stay only for a moment. 我对她说我只呆一会儿。 注：该句型也可用 promise sb that-clause 来改写。如： He promised me that he would come.

I promised her that I would stay only for a moment. protect

1. protect sb (sth) against sb (sth) 保护某人(某物)免受某事物的伤害。如： We’re protected against the loss of our travelling bags. 我们的行李有遗失保险。 A line of forts was built along theborder, toprotectthe country against attack. 在边界沿线构筑了堡垒， 以防国家受到攻击。

2. protect sb (sth) from (doing) sth 保护某人(某物)免受某事物的伤害。如： He raised his arms to protect his face from the blow. 他举起手臂护住脸，挡住了迎面而来的拳头。

You should protect the children from catching cold. 你应该防备孩子们受凉。 注：protect 后用介词 from 和 against的大致区别是：指较小的事多用 from, 指较大的事多用 against。

proud

1. be proud of 对(以)……感到得意或自豪。如：