9) Ideally, one day, researchers will know enough about the genesis of earthquakes and the nature of particular faults to predict quakes directly. (The Economist)．最理想的情况是, 有朝一日研究人员能够对地震的成因及具体断层的性质有足够的了解，从而能够直接预报地震.（增加修饰语,以示强调） 10) I read his Progress and Poverty, and went to a meeting of Hyndman‘s Marxist Democratic Federation. (Sixteen Self Sketches)我看了他的

《进步与贫困》，又去参加海德门的马克思主义组织“民主联盟”举行的会议。（增加动词;增加定语，加强译文的可读性）

11) The resounding success of the Curacao experiment whetted the appetites of Florida livestock raisers for screw-worms..库拉索岛上的试验取得的巨大成

功，引起了佛罗里达州牲畜饲养者的兴趣，他们也想以同样的办法消除螺旋锥蝇这一祸害。（增加定语，加强译文的可读性）

12) Those were the words that were to make the world blossom for me. \The Story of My Life） 后来就是这些词把一个美好的世界展现在我的面前，就像《圣经》上说的“亚伦的杖开了花”一样。（增加定语，提供背录知识） 13）This great scientist was born in New

England.这位伟一大的科学家出生在美国东北部的英格兰。（增加定语，提供背景知识）

14）他喜欢指出别人的缺点，但用意是好的。He likes to point out other people's shortcomings, but he means well（增加主语）

15) 你越讲空洞的大道理，人家越感到讨厌。The more you elaborate on empty theories, the more people disgust them.（增加宾语）

16）这个小男孩饭前都洗手，然后用棍巾纸擦干。This little boy always washes his hands before meals and then dry them with napkins.（增加物主代同、连接词和宾语）

17) 只是晚上躺在床上的时候，她才感到神志清醒。It is only during the night when she lie in bed that she feels she has a clear mind.（增加强调句式）

18) 早知他有病，我就不会叫他来了. If I had known he was ill, I would not have asked him to come.（增加连接词）

19) 1976年7月28日，唐山发生了大地震。On July 28,1976, a big earthquake took place in Tangshan.（增加介词）

20）不要重复叶公好龙那个故事，讲了多少年的社会主义．临到社会主义跑来找他，他又害怕起来了．（《毛泽东选 集》,第五卷）The story of Lord Ye who professed to love dragons should not be repeated, one must not just talk about socialism for years and then suddenly turn pale when socialism comes knocking at the door.（增加 词语，以表达原文实际内涵意义） 21) 还有些人也不能进领导班子或者不能重用，例如，……革 命意志严重衰退，饱食终

日，无所用心的,等等（《邓小平文选》，第二卷）There are also others whom we should not recruit into leading bodies or place in important posts. They include:…and persons whose revolutionary will has waned and who are content to eat three square meals a day and do nothing.（增加词语，以表达原文实际内涵意义）

22) 三个臭皮匠,胜过诸葛亮．The wit of three cobblers combined surpasses Zhuge Liang the master mind.（增加词语，提供背景知识） 23. We won’t retreat, we never have and never will.

我们不后退，我们从来没有后退过，我们将来也决不后退。

24 . Paris all truth, Versailles all lies; and that lies vented through the mouth of Thiers.

巴黎全是真理。凡尔赛全是谎言，而这种谎言是从梯也尔嘴里发出的， 25. The journey which has brought me to Peking has been a very long one. Long when measured in miles. Long when measured in time.

我来北京的旅途是漫长的。用里程衡量，它是漫长的。用时间衡量，它也是漫长的。 26 ．Last summer more than 3000 city welfare employees staged a “work-in” during which they showed up at the office but refused to process cases.

上一个夏天，3000多名城市福利救济部门的雇员举行一次“到职罢工”活动，他们人到了办公室，但拒绝审核要求救济的申请。

27. As an Oriental, I cannot but be proud of your historic achievement. 作为一个东方人，我不得不为你们所取得的历史性成就感到骄傲 28. I can imagine the almost insuperable obstacles to the unity of 800 million people.

我可以想象到要使8亿人民团结起来将会遇到的几乎不可克服的困难 29．Theory is something but practice is everything. 理论固然重要，实践尤其重要.

30. Henry Kissinger had slept there before, in July and again in October. 这之前，基辛格在7月和10月两度在那里下塌

31. Their host carved, poured, served, cut bread, talked, laughed, proposed health．他们的主人，（又是）割啊，（又是）倒啊，（又是）布菜啊，（又是）切面包啊，（又是）谈啊，（又是）笑啊，（又是）敬酒啊，忙个不停。 32.没有调查就没有发言权。

He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. 33.没有眼睛向下的兴趣和决心，是一辈子也不会真正懂得中国的事情的． Unless a person is interested in turning his eyes downward and is

determined to do so, he will never in his life really understand things in China. 34.虚心使人进步．骄傲使人落后．

Modesty helps one to go forward., whereas conceit makes one lag behind.

35.跑了和尚跑不了庙．

The monk may run away, but the temple can't run away with him. 36.吃饭防噎，走路防跌．

While eating, take heed that you do nor choke, while walking, take heed that you do not fall.

37.留得青山在，不怕没柴烧．

So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood.

38. 送君千里．终有一别．

Although you may escort a guest a thousand miles, yet must the parting come at last.

39．小不忍则乱大谋．

If one is not patient in small thing, one will never be able to control great ventures

40. 谁都知道朝鲜战场是艰苦些．

Every one knows that life on the Korean battle-field was rather hard. 41，一个篱笆三个桩，一个好汉要有三个帮。

A fence needs the support of three stakes, an able fellow needs the help of three other people.

42．只许州官放火,不许百姓点灯

The magistrates are free to burn down houses, while the common people are forbidden even to light lamps. (cf. One man may steal a horse, while another may not look over the hedge.)

从以上例子可以看出，增词译法在英译汉中主要是添

加原文中虽无形式却意在其中的成分; 在汉译英中一般是添加原文中为了语言简洁而被省去的成分.

增词的情况是各种各样的．总的规则是: 为了使译文忠于原文，需要增加什么就增加什么. 根据以上例子, 大致归纳如下:

1．增译的部分在原文中虽找不出对应词语、但为了忠实传达原文信息，译文非增不可

2．增加动词 3．增加名词 4，增加主谓结构 5．增加定语

6．增加状语或副词 7. 增加语气助词 5．增加代词 9．增加连词

汉译英时，增加连词的情况是常见的，因为英语的连词比汉语使用的多. 冠词的情况更是如此． 第三节 省词译法

和其他一切事物一样，翻译也是有增必有减。懂了增译法之后自然也就会懂得什么是减译法。它是增译法的反面: 以同一个译例来说，在英译汉中如果用增译法的话, 在汉译英中自然就要用减译法了。把第二节中的例子倒译的话（即把汉译英改为英译汉或把英译汉变为汉译英），所用的译法就不是增译法而是减译法了。

关于减译法，应该记住这样一条总原则：减译法是指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来，因为译文虽无其词而已有其意,或者在译文中是不言而喻；换言之，减译法是删去一些可有可无的, 或者有了反嫌累赘或违背译文习惯表达的词, 但减译并不是把原文的某些思想内容删去．

此外，冠词,连词,代词(尤其是人称代词,关系代词),关系副词等等，在英语中经常使用，但译成汉语时几乎很少出现，要使译文忠实而地道, 减译法就自然必不可少了.例如：

1. A book is useful． 书（是）有用（的）．

2 ．The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕太阳转。

3 ．On Sundays we have no school. 礼拜天我们不上学．

4．Mr．Bingley was good-looking and gentleman-like. 宾利先生风度翩翩，彬彬有礼．

5. A wise man will not marry a woman who has attainments but no virtue. 聪明的人是不会娶有才无德的女子为妻的．

6. If you write to him, the response would be absolute silence and void. 你写信给他，总是石沉大海.

7．Sunday is the day when I am least busy. 星期天我最不忙

8．Could you help me in any way? 你能帮帮我吗?

9．Winter is the best time to study the growth of trees. Although the leaves are gone and the branches are bare, the trees themselves are beautiful.