A sense of control is the real test for 45 . The optimist feels in control of his own life. If things are going badly, he 46 quickly, looking for solutions, forming a new plan of action, and 47 for advice. The pessimist feels like a toy of fate and moves slowly. He doesn’t seek advice, since he 48 nothing can be done. Many studies suggest that the pessimist’s feeling of helplessness 49 the body’s immune system. The pessimist doesn’t take good care of himself. Feeling passive and unable to avoid life’s 50 , he expects ill health and other misfortunes, no matter what he does. He eats junk food, avoids exercise, and 51 the doctor.

Most people are a(n) 52 of optimism and pessimism, but are in favor of one direction or the other. It is a pattern of 53 learned at our mothers’ knees. It grows out of thousands of cautions or 54 , negative statements or positive ones. Pessimism is a hard habit to 55 but it can be done. So, if you are a pessimist, there are ways.... 36. A. specific B. scientific C. physical D. universal 37. A. help B. force C. forbid D. train 38. A. for instance B. at best C. in fact D. by contrast 39. A. kindness B. carelessness C. passion D. depression 40. A. severe B. mental C. terminal D. major 41. A. challenges B. contradicts C. affects D. abuses 42. A. correct B. comfort C. assist D. blame 43. A. excuses B. opportunities C. explanations D. advantages 44. A. bother B. agree C. wait D. hesitate 45. A. ambition B. success C. conscience D. courage 46. A. runs B. acts C. quits D. turns 47. A. standing up B. making up C. looking out D. reaching out 48. A. suspects B. denies C. assumes D. pretends 49. A. weakens B. restores C. improves D.defends 50. A. aims B. gifts C. blesses D. blows 51. A. consults B. ignores C. praises D. follows 52. A. result B. option C. mix D. image 53. A. thinking B. behavior C. expression D. complaining 54. A. pressures B. favours C. criticisms D. encouragements 55. A. develop B. assess C. break D. understand

第三部分 阅读理解 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)

请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Maximize your holiday budget

When it comes to planning a summer getaway, don’t leave money matters to the last minute. It’s wise to get the money matters in the bag first. Travel insurance

Leaving your travel insurance to the last moment is potentially the costliest holiday mistake you can make. Travel insurance doesn’t just protect you from illness and theft when you’re away—it

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starts as soon as you buy it. This comes into use if you find you need to cancel your trip due to things such as illness or the death of a travelling companion. So it makes sense to get this sorted as soon as you make your first booking. Travel money

The worst place to switch your cash into foreign currency is at the airport or ferry port. You’ll find the poorest exchange rates here as they know you’ve no other options. Buy your money at least a week before you go. The best rates can usually be found from specialist brokers, which are often also better than high-street banks. There are exchange-rate comparison websites such as Travel Money Max, which will let you know what you’ll get at the different locations. A budget

It might not be the most fun thing to think about, but it’s arguably the most important of them all. Work out how much you can afford to spend when you’re away to avoid any nasty surprises when you get home. It’s helpful to have a daily budget that you adjust up and down if you spend more or less.

56. If you buy travel insurance, you will be compensated ______. A. when you cancel your trip casually B. when a tourist guide dies on the way C. when you are ill before starting a trip D. when your money is stolen during the trip

57. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. It makes sense to work out a daily budget in advance. B. You’ll know different locations at Travel Money Max. C. It costs the least to buy your money in high-street banks. D. You will experience unpleasant surprises after your trip.

B

New study suggests angler education can benefit sharks

A new study finds fisher education can help protect vulnerable (易受攻击的) shark populations. The research, led by University of Miami (UM) Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science scientists, showed that recreational anglers (钓鱼者) were more supportive of shark management and conservation if they had prior knowledge of shark conservation. ―The recreational fishing community has a long history of supporting marine conservation efforts, so there is great value in trying to understand which factors affect their behavior and decision making, especially for threatened species such as sharks,‖ said Austin Gallagher, UM adjunct assistant professor and lead author of the study.

The researchers interviewed 158 recreational anglers in South Florida about their attitudes towards shark conservation. They found that many catch-and-release anglers recognized that sharks can suffer from post-release mortality (死亡) but it is still an under-appreciated consequence, particularly for species that are born sensitive, such as hammerheads (双髻鲨). The data also revealed that many recreational anglers are supportive of marine protected areas for threatened shark species, although climate change is a larger perceived threat to sharks than recreational fishing.

―Anglers generally care about shark conservation, but are unaware of some potential threats from recreational fishing and how they can best modify their angling techniques to improve

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survivorship of released sharks,‖ said co-author Neil Hammerschlag, research assistant professor at the UM Rosenstiel School and UM Abess Center for Ecosystem Science and Policy.

According to the authors, the findings suggest a need for increased education and outreach on the impacts of catch-and-release angling on sharks to improve survival rates and conservation of threatened sharks.

―Our study identifies important disconnects between existing scientific evidence on the impacts of recreational fishing on certain shark species and existing conservation beliefs among anglers,‖ said Gallagher. ―This is a good starting point for new conversations on sustainability within the fishing community.‖

58. According to the passage, we can make anglers play a role in protecting sharks by ______. A. managing them quite differently

B. providing other recreational activities

C. equipping them with necessary information D. helping them to make much better decisions 59. More released sharks could have survived ______. A. if they were sensitive species

B. if they had been angled scientifically C. if the climate hadn’t changed so much D. if they stayed out of protected areas

60. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A. Recreational fishing has little effect on protecting sharks.

B. Many recreational anglers are actually for marine conservation. C. The fishing community will surely gain sustainable development. D. The fishing community are willing to give up angling sharks.

C

Given that motivation is so central to our lives, what do we truly understand about how it operates and about its role in our lives? The assumption is that it’s driven by a positive, external reward. Do this, get that. But the story is much more complex.

One of the most striking aspects of motivation is that it often drives us to achievements that are difficult, challenging and even painful. You may think that you would be happy to spend all your time sitting on a white-sand beach drinking and that as long as you get to fill your days this way, you would be happy forever. But while a few days of enjoyment might be fun from time to time, I can’t imagine that you would be satisfied by spending your days, weeks, months, years and even your life this way.

Research that examines the differences between meaning and happiness finds that the things that give us a sense of meaning don’t necessarily make us happy. Moreover, people who report having meaningful lives are often more interested in doing things for others, while those who focus mostly on doing things for themselves report being only superficially (表面的) happy. The essential quality of ―meaning‖ has to do with having a sense of being involved in something bigger than the self.

We all know people obtain a great sense of meaning even in the most unpleasant of circumstances. Many volunteers spend portions of their lives working in dangerous, war-torn areas trying to keep disease and death from innocent civilians or teaching orphans to read. Their pain is

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real; their sense of doing something truly meaningful is substantial (丰富的). They show how our deep-rooted desire to believe that our lives have purpose beyond our lifespan drives us to work extra hard, even to the point of our own personal suffering, in order to gain more meaning.

The point is that these seemingly odd and irrational (不合理的) motivations get us to do things that are complex, difficult and unpleasant. But they go beyond helping people in need. They motivate us in every aspect of our lives — whether in our personal relationships, in our individual pursuits or in the workplace.

61. According to the author, which of the following about motivation is true? A. Motivation is simply driven by external rewards.

B. Motivation is largely determined by social responsibilities. C. Motivation enables us to gain more financial returns. D. Motivation drives us to struggle for achievements.

62. According to the research, which of the practices gives us a sense of meaning? A. Reading a classic novel in the leisure time. B. Enjoying sunshine and comfort on the beach. C. Accompanying terminal patients in hospital. D. Listening to popular music in the sitting room.

63. The example of people’s voluntary work in Para. 4 mainly indicates that ______. A. experiencing personal suffering is a necessary part of our growth B. voluntary work serves the purpose of adding happiness to our lives C. it’s our duty to help people in need to get out of their sufferings

D. life’s great rewards come from our experience of tough circumstances 64. What can we infer from the passage?

A. People should make sacrifices for social benefits due to their short lifespan. B. The value and impact of motivation goes beyond our social circle and existence. C. Helping people in need is the most important goal of a human being nowadays. D. Superficially happy people usually put others first rather than focus on themselves.

D

Michael Herr, who has died aged 76, was the author of Dispatches (1977), the best book about the Vietnam war. Herr also made vital contributions to two of the best films on the war, Apocalypse Now and Full Metal Jacket.

It took Herr eight years to write Dispatches, in part because he went home from Saigon with a bad case of stress disorder. He had gone to Vietnam as a correspondent for Esquire magazine. An American general asked him whether he was there to write about military fashion, and another whether he was there to write humour. No, he told them. He wrote little for Esquire, but took advantage of the US government’s decision to allow correspondents extraordinary access to go to war with the soldiers. He shared their discomforts and their fears, witnessed their death and recorded their language.

His own language, a stream of consciousness pulsing with energy, but masterfully controlled, captured the fear and the horror, but also the excitement, of the war in the jungle and paddy fields. ―So much beauty‖, he recalled, ―and so much pleasure‖. He recorded with a connoisseur’s expertise (行家专长) such details as the many ways in which soldiers would wish each other good luck, and the degrees of madness that were considered acceptable.

He identified with the young soldiers and learned in the first few days that you could not affect

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