? 1、Benjamin Franklin本杰明·富兰克林（1706-1790） he is the only good American author before the the Revolutionary War and he is the only one in the colonial period.

写作特点：1.叙事清楚简洁 2.富有哲理和睿智 3.文字质朴幽默 4.易于读者接受。

2.Thomas Paine 托马斯·佩因（1737-1809）英国人民将他视为“最受爱戴”的“政论家”，他的书“被看作穷人的圣经”。拿破仑称他为“共和国的火炬，一切传奇中最伟大的人物”。

写作特点：支持独立宣言，语言精炼，层次分明，结构严密，逻辑性强，抒情和说理有机

结合

3.Thomas Jefferson 托马斯·杰弗逊(1743-1826)

主张：主张追求幸福，人人生而平等，包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利

4.Philip Freneau 菲利普·费瑞诺(1752-1832)Father of American Poetry\美国

诗歌之父， 政治方面的新闻记者

写作特点： the poems of Freneau fall mainly into two categories, one of description of nature, and one of expression of his political ideas.

备注：菲利普·弗瑞诺作为一个自然诗人，在时间上介于布拉兹特里特和布莱恩特之间；

作为一个哥特式作家，介于威格斯沃斯和爱伦·坡之间；作为一个原始主义者，介于莫顿和库珀之间。

5.Washington Irving华盛顿.欧文（1783-1859)the father of American literature

the first great belletrist 第一个纯文学作家，美国第一位浪漫主义散文文体作家， 重振

了没落的哥特式浪漫主义小说。

写作特点：1.humorous: the function of his writing is to amuse, to entertain instead of teaching or instruction 2.vivid and true character portrayal

3. finished (refined) and musical language, thus regarded as “the Amn. Goldsmith” .

6.James Fennimore Cooper 詹姆斯.芬尼莫.库珀(1789-1851)长篇小说之父，开创

了边疆传奇小说和海上传奇小说。

写作特点：1.strong points: we can see a variety of incidents and tensions, complicated plot

and structure and a beautiful description of nature.

2.Weak points: characterization is weak. There is unsatisfactory description of characters (esp. female). He is not free from syntactical awkwardness, heavy-handed attempt at humor. “Where Irving excels Cooper is weak.” Dialect is not authentic.

7.William Cullen Bryant 威廉.卡伦.布莱恩特(1794-1878)a poet of nature， “American Wordsworth”，第一个获得美国主要诗人称号的作家。

特点：

His works demonstrate some British influence and American characteristics. He was good at using blank verse.无韵诗体

He possessed a simple dignity and an impeccable, restrained style.

8.Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加.阿伦.坡(1809-1849) father of detective novel短篇小说之父

特点：1.brevity 2.Single effect 3.originality in theme

9.Ralph Waldo Emersion 拉尔夫.沃尔多.爱默生(1803-1882)美国的孔子、美国文明之父 ，验主义引入新英格兰的先驱。

特点：1.tendency to restate 2.varied illustrations 3.epigrammatic quality(警

句式风格)

10.Henry David Thoreau 亨利.戴维.梭罗(1817-1862)19世纪美国杰出的思想家和文学家

特点：1.文章简洁洗练，纯朴自然，富有浓厚的生活气息 2.意象主要选自神话和祭礼，

偏爱古代神灵，东方英雄，希腊、罗马和斯堪迪纳维亚的文化。

11.Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳萨尼尔.霍桑 (1804-1864)a great novelist,心理小说的开创者

特点：1.unique gift was for the creation of strongly symbolic stories which touch the deepest roots of man’s moral nature. 独特才能主要表现在他能够通过一些极具象征意义的故事来触摸人类灵魂深处的道德品质。 2.his ability to create vivid and symbolic images that embody great moral questions appears strongly in his short stories. 短篇小说里，通过活生生、极具有象征意义的想象来体现人类社会的一些重大道德问题。

3.to make a story exist in its own right but at the same time appear as a moral symbol.杰出之处在于他能把一个故事安放在自己设置的正义标准之中来讲述，他书中的正义标准成为当时人们的道德参考。

12.Herman Melville 赫尔曼.麦尔维尔(1819-1891)novelist and poet

找不到

13.Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 亨利.沃兹沃思.朗费罗(1807-82)1.1st

American poet who has his bust put in Poet’s Corner in Westminster Abbey. 2.The most popular poet in the 19th century 3.A schoolroom poet (academic)

特点：The gentleness, sweetness, and purity