南京金陵中学、江苏省海安高级中学、南京外国语学校
2018届高三年级第四次模拟考试
英语
第一部分 听力 (共两节，满分20分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. Why is Ann so upset?
A. She failed one of her exams. B. She is worrying about other lessons. C. She has no time to do her math homework. 2. What happened to the woman?
A. She woke up late. B. She got to work late. C. She went to sleep late. 3. What is the woman doing now?
A. Baking cookies. B. Making a list. C. Shopping for groceries. 4. How does the woman feel about the zoo? A. Sad. B. Impressed. C. Disappointed. 5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. The man’s career. B. The man’s travel plan. C. The man’s plan after graduating. 第二节
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. When will the man start his new job? A. Tomorrow. B. Next week. C. Next month. 7. Why is the man paying for the woman’s lunch?
A. She helped him a lot. B. It is his turn to pay. C. He wants to congratulate her. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. What is Anna’s chemistry grade now? A. B. B. B+. C. D. 9. When does Anna’s study group meet?
A. After school. B. On the weekends. C. During lunch hour. 10. Who is Anna speaking to? A. A study group member. B. Her teacher. C. Her father. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. How old was Jonathan’s mother when she started doing laundry? A. 8 years old. B. 10 years old. C. 16 years old. 12. Which temperature will Jonathan use for now? A. Hot. B. Cold. C. Warm. 13. What is the “light” spin cycle used for?
A. Jeans and towels. B. Most of Jonathan’s clothes. C. Sheets and pillow cases. 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。 14. Which decorations are on the sofa? A. The Christmas ones. B. The Halloween ones. C. The Thanksgiving ones. 15. What did the man use to get the box out? A. A pole. B. A chair. C. A ladder. 16. Where might the conversation take place? A. In the basement. B. In the bedroom. C. In the living room. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What does the Golden Rule ask people to do? A. Develop personal rules. B. Respect their families and ancestors. C. Treat others as they wish to be treated. 18. Which is a teaching of Confucius? A. Governments should be moral. B. Husbands should respect wives. C. People should memorize rules of behavior. 19. How did Confucius teach lessons?
A. Through arguments. B. Through reasoning. C. Through personal examples. 20. What does the speaker say about Confucius’ influence? A. He used to be even more important. B. He has influenced many cultures. C. He has little effect on people today.
第二部分 英语知识运用 (共两节，满分35分)
第一节：单项填空 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
请认真阅读下面各题, 从题中所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 21. It is usually challenging for rescuers to be sent to where fresh water and medicines are______ after awful
natural disasters like earthquakes and tsunamis. A. handy B. scarce C. bitter D. ample
22. It is hard to believe that the heartbroken couple separated in World War Ⅱcould meet again on the same day that they______ their fifth wedding anniversary.
A. should celebrate B. must have celebrated C. was celebrating D. would have celebrated 23. —There seems to be no hope of ever getting the money back from Harry. I think you have to ____ his debt.
—Given his great loss in the crisis, I am afraid there is no better way. A. let off B. write off C. work off D. mark off
24. Washington obviously had multiple purposes in choosing to announce a ban on US companies’
exporting to ZTE, _______ containing China's rise as a 5G power was more than unfair. A. among which B. for which C. to which D. in which
25. _____at poverty, the measures like highlighting rural tourism have been taken to improve residents’ incomes,
______ better jobs and new farm produce for many once-poor farmers. A. Targeted; having brought B. Targeting; bringing C. Targeted; bringing D. Targeting, to bring 26. —I was so excited to watch the soccer game last night.
—I know both teams were really good. I think it was _______.
A. an open book B. a no-brainer C. a nail biter D. a fifth wheel 27.— I know the furniture is expensive but it will last for years. —I ______ hope so too.
A. can B. may C. must D. should 28. —Why do the researchers sometimes have to climb so high? It’s dangerous!
— As far as I know, ______ on the top of the mountain is a certain wild plant said to have some medical value. A. grown B. growing C. being grown D. having grown
29. He is __ we call Little Einstein, for he can explain such difficult scientific terms _ most of us haven’t even heard of. A. who; that B. whom; which C. what; as D. which; that 30. —What a surprise! I _____ you still away on holiday.
—But it ______ only a fortnight before our new voluntary project begins. A. think; is B. thought; will be C. had thought; was D. thought; is
31. Only two ______ are open to them— either they accept our offer or they give up the fight completely. A. avenues B. criteria C. scales D. versions 32. —Did you hear about the company’s second quarter loss?
—Almost everyone knows it. Rumor has it that the company will lay off 25,000 employees ____. A．under its umbrella B. in its wake C. beyond its means D. to its knowledge 33. —A student is said to have got a suspension from school for cheating in the exam. — _____honesty is concerned, no compromise is acceptable. A. When B. Where C. What D. Once 34. —Is the poor man any better now?
—Don’t worry! The doctor will follow up his operation for occurrence of severe symptoms, ______. A. if necessary B. if so C. if ever D. if any
35. —I believe Mike ______ when he said what the employees of the company lacked was a sense of belonging. —Absolutely. It’s no wonder that so many of them resigned in such a short time. A. struck home B. blew smoke C. stay put D. broke even 第二节 完形填空 (共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Leafing through your family’s antique media makes clicking through social media a feast of empty calories (36)_________ we should throw our computers and phones away, then open every box in every attic and read whatever (37)_________, such as what I recently found -- diaries written by my grandmother when she was 16.
I (38)_________ the diaries would be dark and old-fashioned, but my teenage grandmother had much fun and her genius was so well presented in labeling boys she cared for that I can (39)_________ keep up with her crushes, wondering who the mysterious ‘Sunshine’ was, the sweetest young man in my grandmother’s eyes.
Arguments with adults are only referred to but never described in (40)__________. She doesn’t resist her mother’s strict (41)_________, even when she gets a “lovely (42) _________ ” for finishing someone else’s ice cream.
(43)_________, I recorded every (44)_________ I suffered in my teenage diary. This, however, further (45)_________ bitterness. I think my teenage grandmother’s superior (46)_________ was due to her being 16 before the invention of ‘cool’ as a symbol of (47)_________ , or even, for that matter, ‘teenager’ as an identity.
I have not (48)_________ reading the diaries and I do not want to. But my favorite passage so far was the one (49)_________ on a Monday evening in late summer in 1911. She was sitting on the porch with friends when a neighbor started playing an (50)_________ tune. The girls ‘flew’ across the street to listen, and when the neighbor started up with ‘Put Your Arms (51)_________ Me, Honey’, something (52)_________ happened: ‘We couldn’t help dancing (53)_________ on the street and felt so sweet and nice.’ And then, just when my teenage grandmother thought things couldn’t get any (54)_________ , Harvey walked by, like a ray of (55)_________ .
36. 37. 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
A. because A. falls out A. concluded A. closely A. A. A. A.
detail treatment credit
In addition
B. so
B. pulls out B. assumed B. precisely B. B. B. B.
vain control scream In general
C. yet
C. holds out C. doubted C. barely C. C. C. C.
defence planning treat
In contrast
D. while D. drops out D. bet D. readily D. D. D. D.
effect discipline scolding In fact
A. injustice A. responds to A. A. A. A.
habit slogan finished mentioned
B. defeat B. tends to B. B. B. B.
personality fight regretted recorded
C. disease C. leads to C. C. C. C.
effort principle skipped remembered
D. loss
D. corresponds to D. D. D. D.
intelligence virtue opposed celebrated
A. irresistible A. Over A. abnormal A. right A. easier A. sunshine
B. antique B. Behind B. imaginary B. straight B. quicker B. heat
C. original C. Around C. mysterious C. fast C. crazier C. hope
D. odd D. On D. magical D. hard D. sweeter D. comfort
第三部分 阅读理解 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
请认真阅读下列短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
MARIJUANA RESEARCH GETS SERIOUS Eight states voted to legalize marijuana for medical or recreational use in 2016, putting the total number of states with some form of legal pot at 28. In states where it is legal, doctors already prescribe it for things like pain, depression, migraines and PTSD – but research has been limited by federal drug laws. A growing quorum of scientists is calling for legitimate research into marijuana’s potential as a form of medicine. SUPERBUGS BECOME A SUPERTHREAT In 2016, global leaders promised to address the growing issue of drug resistance – meaning bacteria that can no longer be treated with antibiotics – during a historic meeting at the U.N. headquarters in New York City. Major progress is yet to be seen, but companies like McDonald’s have vowed to phase out antibiotics in their chicken, and scientists are hunting for new drug compounds in places like caves and the oceans. CRISPR TACKLES CANCER CRISPR is the most hyped technology in medicine for good reason: it allows scientists to easily and inexpensively edit any place of DNA from nearly any species. Recently Chinese scientists have used CRISPR to treat a person with lung cancer. Meanwhile, U.S. scientists are working on the first human trials using CRISPR to treat cancer stateside – the first of what will surely be many studies like it.
CLIMATE CHANGE AS PUBLIC- HEALTH THREAT Climate change and pollution are contributing to the spread of infectious disease, less nutritious food, asthma and dangerous heat waves. In response, the U.S. and other nations have committed to reducing greenhouse-gas emissions
by as much as 28% below 2005 levels by 2025. It remains to be seen if President-elect Donald Trump will honor that commitment, but scientists say the issue is only growing more critical. 56. Where is the passage probably taken from? A. A magazine. B. A self-help book. C. A brochure. D. A manual. 57. From the passage we know that ________________.
A. marijuana will surely be more widely prescribed by doctors for medical treatment in the U.S. B. McDonald’s chicken treated with antibiotics has contributed to the spread of super bacteria C. Chinese and U.S. scientists have made progress in using CRISPR technology to treat disease
D. U.S. President will observe the commitment as climate change is threatening public health B
Early last year, the World Economic Forum issued a paper warning that technological change is on the verge of upending the global economy. To fill the sophisticated jobs of tomorrow, the authors argued, the ‘reskilling and upskilling of today’s workers will be critical’. Around the same time, the then president Barack Obama announced a ‘computer science for all’ programme for elementary and high schools in the United States. ‘We have to make sure all our kids are equipped for the jobs of the future, which means not just being able to work with computers but developing the analytical and coding skills to power our innovation economy,’ he said.
But the truth is, only a tiny percentage of people in the post-industrial world will ever end up working in software engineering, biotechnology or advanced manufacturing. Just as the huge machines of the industrial revolution made physical strength less necessary for humans, the information revolution frees us to complement, rather than compete with, the technical competence of computers. Many of the most important jobs of the future will require soft skills, not advanced algebra.
Back in 1983, the sociologist Arlie Russell Hochschild coined the term ‘emotional labour’ to describe the processes involved in managing the emotional demands of work. She explored the techniques that flight attendants used to maintain the friendly manners their airline demanded in the face of abusive customers: taking deep breaths, silently reminding themselves to stay cool, or building empathy for the nasty passenger. ‘I try to remember that if he’s drinking too much, he’s probably really scared of flying,’ one attendant explained. ‘I think to myself: “He’s like a little child.”’
Across the economy, technology is edging human workers into more emotional territory. In retail, Amazon and its imitators are rapidly devouring the market for routine purchases, but to the extent that bricks-and-mortar shops survive. It is because some people prefer chatting with a clerk to clicking buttons. Already, arguments for preserving rural post offices focus less on their services–handled mostly online–than on their value as centers for community social life.
In the sphere of medicine, one of the toughest moments of a physician’s job is sitting with a patient, surveying how a diagnosis will alter the landscape of that patient’s life. That is work no technology can match–unlike surgery, where autonomous robots are learning to perform with superhuman precision. With AI now being developed as a diagnostic tool, doctors have begun thinking about how to complement these automated skills. As a strategic report for Britain’s National Health Service (NHS) put it in 2013:‘The NHS could employ hundreds of thousands of staff with the right technological skills, but without the compassion to care, then we will have failed to meet the needs of patients.’
A growing real-world demand for workers with empathy and a talent for making other people feel at ease requires a serious shift in perspective. It means moving away from our singular focus on academic performance as the road to success. It means giving more respect, and better pay, to workers too often generically dismissed as ‘unskilled labour’. And, it means valuing skills more often found among working-class women than highly educated men. 58. What can we know from the first two paragraphs?
A. President Obama launched a programme to develop people’s soft skills. B. There is no need for people to continue developing technical skills. C. Today’s workers have to update their skills to compete with machines. D. Future jobs will require less physical strength but more soft skills.
59. The underlined word “empathy” in Paragraph 3 probably means the ability _____________. A. to understand others B. to forgive others C. to respect others D. to appreciate others
60. According to the passage, which work of the following jobs doesn’t involve managing emotional demands? A. Software engineers. B. Flight attendants. C. Shop clerks. D. Medical workers. 61. What is the author’s attitude towards emotional skills? A. Critical. B. Unclear. C. Favorable. D. Negative. C
Although it might have happened anywhere, my encounter with the green banana started on a steep mountain road in the interior of Brazil. My ancient jeep was straining up through spectacular countryside when the radiator (散热器) began to leak ten miles from the nearest mechanic. The over-heated engine forced me to stop at the next village, which consisted of a small store and scattering of houses. People gathered to look. Three fine streams of hot water spouted
from holes in the jacket of the radiator. “That’s easy to fix,” a man said. He sent a boy running for some green bananas. He patted me on the shoulder, assuring me everything would work out. “Green bananas,” he smiled. Everyone agreed.
We exchanged pleasantries while I thought over the effects of the green banana. Asking questions would betray my ignorance, so I remarked on the beauty of the place. Huge rock formations, like Sugar Loaf in Rio, rose up all around us. “Do you see that tall one right over there?” asked my benefactor, pointing to a particular tall, slender pinnacle of dark rock. “That rock marks the center of the world.”
I looked to see if he was teasing me, but his face was serious. He in turn inspected me carefully to be sure I grasped the significance of his statement. The occasion demanded some show of recognition on my part. “The center of the world?” I repeated, trying to convey interest if not complete acceptance. He nodded. “The absolute center. Everyone around here knows it.”
At that moment the boy returned with my green bananas. The man sliced one in half and pressed the cut end against the radiator jacket. The banana melted into a glue against the hot metal, plugging the leaks instantly. Everyone laughed at my astonishment. They refilled my radiator and gave me extra bananas to take along. An hour later, after one more application of green banana, my radiator and I reached our destination. The local mechanic smiled, “Who taught you about the green banana?” I named the village. “Did they show you the rock marking the center of the world?” he asked. I assured him they had. “My grandfather came from there,” he said. “The exact center. Everyone around here has always known about it.”
① As a product of American higher education, I had never paid the slightest attention to the green banana, except to regard it as a fruit whose time had not yet come. ② But as I reflected on it further, I realized that the green banana had been there all along. ③ Its time reached back to the very origins of the banana. ④ The people in that village had known about it for years. My own time had come in relation to it. This chance encounter showed me the special genius of those people, and the special potential of the green banana. I had been wondering for some time about those episodes of clarity which educators like to call “learning moments,” and knew I had just experienced two of them at once.
The importance of the rock marking the center of the world took a while to filter through. I had initially doubted their claim, knowing for a fact that the center was located somewhere in New England. After all, my grandfather had come from there. But gradually I realized they had a valid belief, a universal concept, and I agreed with them. We tend to define the center as that special place where we are known, where we know others, where things mean much to us, and where we ourselves have both identity and meaning; family, school, town, and local region.
The lesson which gradually filtered through was the simple concept that every place has special meanings for the people in it; every place represents the center of the world. The number of such centers is incalculable, and no one student or traveler can experience all of them, but once a conscious breakthrough to a second center is made, a life-long perspective and collection can begin. 62. What is the best title for the passage? A. A Car Accident B. An Identity Issue C. The Unforgettable Moment D. The Green Banana 63. What can we infer from Paragraph 3?
A. The author was open-minded enough to respect their wisdom and beliefs. B. The author was polite trying not to show disagreement with the helper.
C. It occurred to the author that the center of the world would be the tall slender rock. D. The author came to realize that every place has special meanings for the people in it.
64. Where could the following “Suddenly on that mountain road, its time and my need had met.” be best added in Paragraph 5?
A. ① B.② C.③ D.④ 65. What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage?
A. To inspire people to rethink and redefine the center of the world in their eyes. B. To illustrate that ignorance can sometimes be a blessing in disguise.
C. To encourage people to discover something with special value and meaning. D. To point out that traveling is a good way for people to search for their identity.
D
They make some of the world’s best-loved products. Their logos are instantly recognizable. For investors, they promise steady returns in difficult times. They seem to be getting ever bigger: on June 30th Mondelez International made a $23 billion bid for Hershey to create the world’s biggest confectioner (甜食业); and on July 7th Danone, the world’s largest yogurt maker, agreed to buy WhiteWave Foods, a natural-food group, for $12.5 billion. Yet trouble lurks (潜伏) for the giants in consumer packaged goods (CPG), which also include firms such as General Mills, Nestlé, Procter & Gamble and Unilever.
For a hint of the problem they face, take the example of Daniel Lubetzky, who began peddling his fruit-and-nut bars in health-food stores: his KIND bars are now everywhere, stacked in airports and Walmarts. Or that of Michael
Dubin and Mark Levine, entrepreneurs irked by expensive razors, who began shipping cheaper ones directly to consumers five years ago. Their Dollar Shave Club now controls 5% of America’s razor market.
From 2011 to 2015 large CPG companies lost nearly three percentage points of market share in America, according to a joint study by the Boston Consulting Group and IRI, a consultancy and data provider, respectively. In emerging markets local competitors are a growing headache for multinational giants. Nestlé, the world’s biggest food company, has missed its target of 5-6% sales growth for three years running.
For a time, size gave CPG companies an unbelievable advantage. Centralizing decisions and consolidating (合并) manufacturing helped firms expand profits. Deep pockets meant companies could spend millions on a fancy television advertisement, then see sales rise. Firms distributed goods to a vast network of stores, paying for good placement on shelves.
Yet these advantages are not what they once were. Consolidating factories has made companies more vulnerable to the swing of a particular currency, points out Nik Modi of RBC Capital Markets, a bank. The impact of television adverts is fading, as consumers learn about products on social media and from online reviews. At the same time, barriers to entry are falling for small firms. They can outsource production and advertise online. Distribution is getting easier, too: a young brand may prove itself with online sales, then move into big stores. Financing mirrors the same trend: last year investors poured $3.3 billion into private CPG firms, according to CB Insights, a data firm — up by 58% from 2014 and a huge 638% since 2011.
Most troublesome, the giants are finding it hard to keep up with fast-changing consumer markets. Ali Dibadj of Sanford C. Bernstein, a research firm, points out that some consumers in middle-income countries began by assuming Western products were superior. As their economies grew, local players often proved more adaptable to shoppers’ needs. Since 2004 big emerging economies have seen growth of local and regional companies, according to data compiled by RBC. In China, for example, Yunnan Baiyao Group accounts for 10% of the toothpaste market, with sales growing by 45% each year since 2004. In Brazil Botica Comercial Farmacêutica sells nearly 30% of perfume. And in India Ghari Industries now peddles more than 17% of detergent.
In America and Europe, the world’s biggest consumer markets, many firms have been similarly leaden-footed. If a shopper wants a basic product, he can choose from cheap, store-brand goods from the likes of Aldi and Walmart. But if a customer wants to pay more for a product, it may not be for a traditional big brand. This may be because shoppers trust little brands more than established ones. One-third of American consumers surveyed by Deloitte, a consultancy, said they would pay at least 10% more for the “craft” version of a good, a greater share than would pay extra for convenience or innovation. Interest in organic products has been a particular challenge for big manufacturers whose packages list such “tasty-sounding” ingredients as sodium benzoate (苯甲酸钠）and Yellow 6 (日落黄).
Big companies have been trying to respond. The most notable strategy has been to buy other firms and cut costs. 3G, a Brazilian firm has cut budgets at Heinz, a 147-year-old company it bought in 2013; then Kraft, which it merged (合并) with Heinz in 2015. Heinz’s profit margin widened from 18% to 28% in just two years, according to Sanford C. Bernstein.
Big firms are also acquiring or backing smaller rivals. In 2013 two American food companies and a French one — Campbell Soup, Hain Celestial and Danone — each bought a maker of organic baby food. Coca-Cola and Unilever, an Anglo-Dutch titan, have long bought companies outright or invested in them. Both General Mills and Campbell have launched their own venture-capital arms.
66. The underlined word “irked” in Paragraph 2 probably means “___________”. A. annoyed B. embarrassed C. frightened D. amazed
67. The author mentions “KIND bars” and “Dollar Shave Club razors” in Paragraph 2 to indicate that___________. A. “KIND” and “Dollar Shave Club” are becoming world-loved brand names
B. CPG giants are considering buying smaller firms like “KIND” or “Dollar Shave Club” C. small firms can also bring investors profits although they sell cheap and basic products
D. local competitors like “KIND” and “Dollar Shave Club” are challenging traditional big brands 68. According to the passage, the influence of TV advertisements is fading because___________. A. consumers are no longer interested in watching TV B. consumers can learn about products on social media C. consumers find TV advertisements less fancy than before
D. consumers can buy products online instead of going to a store
69. Which is one possible advantage of small firms over large giants in emerging market? A. It is not hard for small firms to keep up with fast-changing consumer markets.
B. Most consumers in America and Europe trust little brands more than established ones. C. Some local firms can meet consumers’ needs better than world-famous brand giants.
D. Small firms mainly sell creative or organic products which are more appealing to consumers. 70. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Centralizing decisions can help small companies increase profits.
B. Over one-third of consumers would pay extra for convenience or innovation. C. Cutting cost is more important to big companies than meeting customer demand. D. Besides purchasing smaller competitors, big companies are supporting them as well.
第四部分 任务型阅读 (共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分)
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意: 请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
The future belongs to the flexible mind. This is the argument behind best-selling author Leonard Mlodinow’s new book, Elastic(灵活的), which examines the ever-increasing changes we find ourselves living through, and the ways of thinking best suited to them.
Do we need to develop a flexible mind？
Times we live in demand a flexible style of thinking. In politics, we now have to cope with more scandals in a single year than we used to encounter in a lifetime. Meanwhile, the speed and processing power of computers makes it difficult for us to navigate a landscape in which the number of websites has been doubling every two to three years, and the way we use and access them is subject to frequent “disastrous changes.” More importantly, social attitudes are changing just as fast.
Logical thought is an analysis that can be described by an algorithm(算术) of the kind that computers follow. Elastic thought cannot. Logical thought is evolved to help us face the everyday challenges of life while elastic thought helps us succeed when circumstances change. Elastic thought is where our new ideas come from. Logical thought can determine how to drive from our home to the grocery store most efficiently, but it’s elastic thought that gave us the automobile.
What makes it hard to think “flexibly”?
Flexible thinking comes naturally to all humans, but one way it may be blocked is through another power exercised by our brain, the ability to tune out “crazy” ideas. A single information processor depends on an algorithm to solve a problem. The human brain, instead, acts as a set of interacting and competing systems. They use our knowledge and expectations of the world to assess ideas. That approach is well suited to a stable environment. But it can be less productive when circumstances change.
How can we learn to be more flexible in our own thinking?
One of the abilities most important to flexible thinking is the power to relax our mind and let our guard down. If we are constantly alerted, our ideas may have a narrow range, and tend to be conventional.
One can also cultivate flexible thinking by adjusting one’s external conditions. Studies show that sitting in a darkened room, or closing our eyes, can widen our perspective. Low ceilings, narrow corridors, and windowless offices have the opposite effect. Being able to think without any kind of time pressure is also important when striving for novel ideas. Just as important, interruptions are deadly. A short phone call, email or even a text message can redirect your attention and thoughts.
As a more general exercise to nurture our mental flexibility, we can try to pay special attention to one of our strongly held beliefs, take it seriously and recall times in the past that we were wrong about something, even though we’d been confident of being right. In fact, more generally, introducing a little disagreement to our intellectual interactions may also be helpful.
Deep (71) ▲ into Flexible Thinking Supporting details Passage outline Necessity to possess a flexible mind (75) ▲ to thinking flexibly ● (72) ▲ , technological and social changes in our times call for flexible thinking. ● Flexible thinking and logical thinking are playing different roles in our daily lives. The (73) ▲helps make what we analyze accurate while the former enables us to be (74) ▲ . (76) ▲ information processors, our brain can either ignore new ideas or kill them (77) ▲ on our experience and expectations. ● It is better to let our mind off guard occasionally so as to avoid (78) ▲ our ideas to conventional ones. Ways to cultivate flexible ● Adjusting external surroundings(79) ▲ and thinking without time pressure thinking and distractions is also important. ●(80) ▲ on one of our strongly held beliefs and having some doubt about it may be of help. 第五部分 书面表达（满分25分）
请阅读下面图表及文字, 并按照要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章。
某中学校本选修课程选修比例 On happiness 10% Chinese classical literature and art 7% Model UN 31% STEM-related courses 52% Here are some tips for students to take into consideration when choosing elective courses: ? Pursue your passions ? Maintain balance ? Try something new ? Take courses beneficial to your own development ? Take courses beneficial to your country ? ... 【写作内容】
1．用约30个词概括上述图文的主要内容；2．简要分析此现象产生的原因（至少两点）； 3．在这四门选修课中，你会选择哪一门？结合所给材料，阐述你选择的理由。 【写作要求】1．写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句。2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。3．不必写标题。
1-5 AABBC 6-10 BABAC 11-15 ABCCA 16-20 ACACB 21-25 BDBAC 26-30 CDBCB 31-35 ABBDA
36-40 BABCA 41-45 DDCAC 46-50 BDABA 51-55 CDADA 56-60 ACDAA 61-65 CDBBA 66-70 ADBCD
71.Insight(s) 72. Political 73. latter 74. innovative /creative 75. Barriers/Obstacles 76. Unlike 77. based 78. limiting/restricting/narrowing 79. matters/counts 80. Focusing/Concentrating/Reflecting
【参考范文】
The chart illustrates the proportion of electives selected in a high school. 52% of the students register for scientific courses while 7% enroll in those concerning literature and art. Some tips are given for the selection.
Science and art courses are regarded differently, mainly because of where students’ interests lie. The former emphasizes searching natural laws to help human beings live longer and healthier, while the latter aims to better the thoughts of people, and promote social values. Apparently, given more attention, the former comes out ahead in our developing society. However, if the tendency continued to grow, we would end up in a steel concrete with no room for our spiritual home.
I would enroll in Chinese classical art. For one thing, I am always fascinated by traditional Chinese culture—paper-cutting, calligraphy, architecture, cuisine, just to name a few. For another, the wisdom delivered by Chinese philosophy will bring benefits to my long-term development and therefore the whole nation.