第2讲 非谓语动词

[全国卷考情分析]

题型 典题试做 1.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform(perform) consistently over a large area. 2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ) Scientists have responded by noting(note) that hungry bears 语 法 填 空 may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are. 3．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ) When we got a call saying (say)she was short listed，we thought it was a joke. 4．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ) You don't have to run fast or for long to see (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of dying (die) early by running. 1.考查非谓语动词的句法功能(状语、定语、宾语、补语、主语和表语等)，以考查主语、宾语、状语居多； 2．考查固定搭配中的非谓语动词。 命题解读

考点一 非谓语动词的形式及意义 [题组试做] 单句语法填空

1．(2019·福州八中质检)________(realize) it was our last high school sports meeting, we decided to make it an unforgettable experience for all of us.

Realizing [分析句子结构可知，空格所处的部分为非谓语动词作状语，realize与主语we之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填Realizing。]

2．(2019·蚌埠二中模拟)Greatly________(encourage), the team conducted another experiment, this time with water that contained bacteria.

encouraged [分析句子结构可知，空格所处的部分为非谓语动词作状语，encourage与主语the team之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故填encouraged。]

3．(2019·太原一模)Silk Road trades traveled together in long caravans(旅行队) of camels.This mode of travel provided protection from robbers who might attempt________(rob) the valuable goods being transported.

to rob [考查不定式。attempt意为“试图，企图”，后跟不定式作宾语，故填to rob。]

[要点解读] 非谓语动词 不定一 般 to do 主动语态 被动语态 to be done

意义 表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生

式 式 进 行 式 完 成 式 to have done to be doing 表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生 to have been done being done 表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前 表示的动作与句中谓语动词的 现在分词/ 动名词 过去分词 一 般 式 完 成 式 doing 动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生 having done having been done 表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生 一 般 式 done 与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成 Many Chinese brands，having developed their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market.

很多中国品牌历经几个世纪树立了声誉，它们正面临着当代市场带来的新挑战。

There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.

在我们准备在月球上长住之前，还有很多问题需要解决。

考点二 非谓语动词作状语 [题组试做] 单句语法填空

1．(2019·江西五校第一次联考)The World Health Organization (WHO) has made an appeal to scientists，drug manufacturers and governments.The WHO wants them to work together________(develop) drugs to fight 12 bacteria.

to develop [考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语，故填to develop。] 2．(2019·山东烟台期末)They put the food out in their backyards and spend time in the nice weather， (watch) birds.

watching [句意：他们把食物放在后院，然后一边观鸟一边享受明媚的天气。主语They与watch为逻辑上的主动关系，且watch与spend同时发生，故填现在分词watching作伴随状语。]

3．(2019·江西宜春中学第一次诊断)________(compare) with the western medicine's high fees，TCM(Traditional Chinese Medicine) has a reasonable price that ordinary people can afford.

Compared [句意：与西药的高额费用相比，传统中药的价格合理，普通人能够承担得起。compared with...为固定结构，在句中作状语，意为“与……相比”。]

[要点解读] 1．不定式作状语

(1)作目的状语，可用so as to/in order to替换，但 so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。

In order to calculate the amount of power，work is divided by time. 要计算功率的大小，可将功除以时间。

(2)作结果状语，常表示出乎意料的结果，常用于下列结构中：only to do；enough to do(足够做……)；too...to do...(太……而不能……)；so/such...as to...(如此……以至于……)等。

Tom took a taxi to the airport，only to find his plane high up in the sky. 汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。

(3)作原因状语，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。这类形容词有：easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important，impossible，dangerous，surprised，astonished，delighted，disappointed 等。