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book（其他任何人的书） 3）如果一样东西为两人或两人以上共有，则在最后的一个名词后面加“’s”； 如果不是共有，则每个词后都要加“’s”。如：Jane and Helen’s room. 珍妮和海伦的房间（共有）. Bill’s and Tom’s radios. 比尔的收音机和汤姆的 收音机（不共有） 4）表地点（店铺，某人的家等）的名词所有格后面，一般省去它所修饰的名词。如： the tailor’s (裁缝铺) the doctor’s (诊所) Mr Brown’s (布朗先生的家) 5）有些表时间、距离、国家、城镇的无生命的名词，也可加“’s”表所有格。 如：half an hour’s walk (半小时的路程) China’s agriculture (中国的农业) 2、表示无生命的东西的名词一般与of构成词组，表示所有格。如：the cover of the book 3、表示有生命的东西的名词也可以用of，特别是名词较长，有较多的定语时。如： the story of Dr Norman Bethune Do you know the name of the boy standing at the gate? 4、“of词组+所有格”的用法： 在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词（如：a, two, some, a few, this, that, these, those等）时，常用“of词组+所有格”的形式来表示所有关系。如： a friend of my father’s 我父亲的一位朋友。 some inventions of Edison’s 爱迪生的一些发明 those exercise-books of the students’ 学生们的那些练习本。 【专项训练】：

1、There are only twelve in the hospital. A．woman doctors B．women doctors C．women doctor D．woman doctor 2、Mr Smith has two , both of whom are teachers in a school. A．brothers-in-law B．brother-in-laws C．brothers-in-laws D．brothers-in law 3、——How many does a cow have? ——Four. A．stomaches B．stomach C．stomachs D．stomachies 4、Some visited our school last Wednesday. A．German B．Germen C．Germans D．Germens 5、The of the building are covered with lots of . A．roofs; leaves B．rooves; leafs C．roof; leaf D．roofs; leafs 6、When the farmer returned home he found three missing. A．sheeps B．sheepes C．sheep D．sheepies 7、That was a fifty engine. A．horse power B．horses power C．horse powers D．horses powers 8、My father often gives me . A．many advice B．much advice C．a lot of advices D．a few advice 9、Mary broke a while she was washing up. A．tea cup B．a cup of tea C．tea’s cup D．cup tea 10、Can you give us some about the writer? A．informations B．information C．piece of informations D．pieces information 11、I had a cup of and two pieces of this morning. A．teas; bread B．teas; breads C．tea; breads D．tea; bread

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12、As is known to us all, travels much faster than . A．lights; sounds B．light; sound C．sound; light D．sounds; lights 13、She told him of all her and . A．hope; fear B．hopes; fear C．hopes; fears D．hope; fears 14、The rising did a lot of to the crops. A．water; harm B．water; harms C．waters; harm D．waters; harms 15、——How far away is it from here to your school? ——It’s about . A．half an hour’s drive B．half hours drives C．half an hour drives D．half an hour drive 16、The shirt isn’t mine. It’s . A．Mrs Smith B．Mrs’ Smith C．Mrs Smiths’ D．Mrs Smith’s 17、Miss Johnson is a friend of . A．Mary’s mother B．Mary’s mothers’ C．Mary mother’s D．Mary’s mother’s 18、Last week I called at my . A．aunt B．aunts C．aunt’s D．auntes’ 19、The beach is a throw. A．stone B．stones C．stones’ D．stone’s 20、I can hardly imagine sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A．Peter’ B．Peter C．Peters D．Peters’ 【答案】： 1、B 2、A 3、C stomach（胃）虽是“ch”结尾，但其发音为[k]，所以加“s”，不用加“es”。 4、C 5、A roof, chief, gulf, belief等词的复数形式，直接加“s”。 6、C 7、A 名词作定语一般不用复数。 8、B 9、A 根据句意，打破的应是杯子，而不是茶；名词作定语表类别不用加“’s”。 10、B 11、D 12、B 13、C 14、C 15、A 16、D 根据上句，此处应是史密斯太太的衬衫。 17、D 18、C 19、D a stone’s throw是固定短语，意为“近在咫尺”。 20、B 此句中Peter作动名词sailing的所有格，本应用Peter’s，但因其在动词后作宾语，所以可用宾格，因此B为正确答案。

三、主谓一致Agreement

知识要点： 在英语的句子中，谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。如何判定，则要看句子的意思。多数情况下，根据句子的主语形式就能判定，但有的则要看整句的意思，及强调的内容。下面我们就常用的、易混的几种情况作一下解释。 1、以单数名词或代词、不定式、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如： 1）The book is on the table. 2）He is reading English. 3）To work hard is necessary.（It is necessary to work hard.） 4）How you get there is a problem. 2、复数主语跟复数动词。如：

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Children like to play toys. 3、在倒装句中，动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。如以here,there开头，be 动词与后面第一个名词一致。如： 1）There is a dog near the door. 2）There were no schools in this area before liberation. 3）Here comes the bus. 4）On the wall were two famous paintings. 5）Here is Mr Brown and his children. 4、and连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。如果主语后跟有with, together with, except, but, perhaps , like, including, as well as, no less than, more than, rather than等引起的短语，谓语动词仍与短语前的主语的形式保持一致。如： 1）Jane, Mary and I are good friends. 2）He and my father work in the same factory. 3）His sister, no less than you, is wrong. 4）The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the accident. 5）He, like you and Xiao Liu is very diligent. 6）Every picture except these two has been sold. 7）Alice with her parents often goes to the park on Sundays. 8）Alice as well as her friends was invited to the concert. 9）Nobody but Mary and I was in the classroom at that time. 5、并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，and后面的名词没有冠词。如： 1）The writer and worker is coming to our school tomorrow. 这位工人作家明天要来我们学校。 2）Bread and butter is their daily food. 面包和黄油是他们每日的食品。 3）The writer and the worker are coming to our school tomorrow. 那位作家和那位工人明天将来我们学校。（两个人） 6、and连接的并列单数名词前如有each, every, no, many a修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如： 1）Every boy and girl has been invited to the party. 所有的孩子都被邀请参加这次聚会。 2）No teacher and no student is absent today. 今天没有老师和学生缺席。 3）Many a student is busy with their lessons. 许许多多的学生都忙着复习他们的功课。 7、each, either, one, another, the other, neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如： 1）Each takes a cup of tea. 2）Either is correct. 3）Neither of them likes this picture. 8、由every, some, any, no构成的合成代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如： 1）Is everyone here? 2）Nothing is to be done. 没有什么要干的事儿了。 9、关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如： 1）Those who want to go please sign their names here. 2）Anyone who is against this opinion may speak out. 3）He is one of the students who were praised at the meeting. 10、表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时，其谓语动词常用单数形式。如： 1）Three years is not a long time. 2）Ten dollars is what he needs. 3）Five hundred miles is a long distance.

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11、复数形式的专有名词作为整体看待（如人名、地点、国家、组织、书籍、报刊等），动词用单数形式。如： 1）The United States is in North America. 2）The United Nations has passed a resolution(决议)。 3）“The Arabian Nights”（《天方夜谭》）is an interesting book. 12、有些集体名词如family, team, group, class, audience（听众，观众），government等作主语时，如看作是一个整体，谓语动词则用单数形式；如强调各个成员时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如： 1）My family is going to have a long journey. 我家要进行一次长途旅行。 2）My family are fond of music. 我家人都喜欢音乐。 3）The class has won the honour. 这班获得了荣誉。 4）The class were jumping for joy. 全班同学都高兴得跳了起来。 13、all, more, most, some, any, none, half, the rest等作主语时，既可表示复数意义，也可表示单数意义，谓语动词要根据实际情况而定。如： 1）All of the apple is rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。 2）All of the apples are rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。 3）Most of the wood was used to make furniture (家具)。 14、the + 形容词（或分词）作主语时，常指一类人，谓语动词用复数形式。如指的是抽象概念，谓语动词则用单数形式。如： 1）The young are usually very active. 年轻人通常是很活跃的。 2）The wounded are being taken good care of here now. 现在伤病员们在这里受到了很好照顾。 15、or, either?or?, neither?nor?, whether?or, not only?but (also)连接的是主语，谓语动词与后一个主语一致。如： 1）Either you or I am going to the movies. 2）Not only you but also he is wrong. 16、不可数名词没有复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如： 1）Water is a kind of matter. 2）The news at six o’clock is true. 17、集合名词如：people, police ,cattle等作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。如： 1）The police are searching for him. 2）The cattle are grassing (吃草)。 18、population当人口讲时，谓语动词用单数形式；当人们讲时，谓语动词用复数。如： 1）The population of China is larger than that of Japan. 2）One third of the population here are workers. 19、the number of + 名词复数，是表示“?的数字”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；a (large / great) number of + 名词复数，表示许多，作主语时；谓语动词用复数形式。 1）The number of the students in our school is increasing year after year. 2）A number of students have gone for an outing. 20、means, politics, physics, plastics等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 【专项训练】

1、Nothing but cars in the shop. A．is sold B．are sold C．were sold D．are going to sell 2、No one except Jack and Tom the answer. A．know B．knows C．is knowing D．are known 3、Seventy percent of the students in our school from the countryside.