80.From the passage, increased automation ________.

A. can be successfully opposed B. cannot be avoided

C. has not yet begun D. will put everyone out of work

Questions 81-90 are based on the following passage.

Of all the areas of learning the most important is the development of attitudes. Emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior of most people.

“The burnt child fears the fire” is one instance; another is the rise of despots like Hitler. Both examples also point up the fact that attitudes stem from experience. In one case the experience was direct and impressive; in the other it was indirect and cumulative. The Nazis were indoctrinated largely by the speeches they heard and the books they read.

The classroom teacher in the elementary school is in a strategic position to influence attitudes. This is true partly because children acquire attitudes from those adults whose word they respect.

Another reason it is true is that pupils often delve somewhat deeply into a subject in school that has only been touched upon at home or has possibly never occurred to them before. To a child who had previously acquired little knowledge of Mexico, his teacher’s method of handling such a unit would greatly affect his attitude toward Mexicans.

The media through which the teacher can develop wholesome attitudes are innumerable. Social studies (with special reference to races, creeds and nationalities), science matters of health and safety, the very atmosphere of the classroom… these are a few of the fertile fields for the inculcation of proper emotional reactions.

However, when children come to school with undesirable attitudes, it is unwise for the

teacher to attempt to change their feelings by cajoling or scolding them. She can achieve the proper effect by helping them obtain constructive experiences.

To illustrate, first grade pupils afraid of policemen will probably alter their attitudes after a classroom chat with the neighborhood officer in which he explains how he protects them. In the same way, a class of older children can develop attitudes through discussion, research, outside reading and all-day trips.

Finally, a teacher must constantly evaluate her own attitudes, because her influence can be deleterious if she has personal prejudices. This is especially true in respect to controversial issues and questions on which children should be encouraged to reach their own decisions as a result of objective analysis of all the facts. 81.The central idea of the above passage is that ________. A. attitudes affect our actions

B. teachers are important in developing or changing pupils’ attitudes C. attitudes can be changed by some classroom experiences D. by their attitudes, teachers inadvertently affect pupils’ attitudes

82.The word “despot” underlined in Paragraph 2 means a person ________. A. who enjoys a high reputation B. who is very successful in politics C. with unlimited powers D. who deposits a large sum of money in a bank 83.The pupils’ attitudes are NOT influenced by ________. A. their parents’ persuasion to behave properly B. their teachers’ attitudes

C. the speeches they hear and the books they read

D. such media as social studies, science matter and classroom atmosphere 84.It can be inferred from the passage that the pupils ________.

A. usually study a certain subject in greater details at home than at school B. usually do not study a certain subject at home C. study the subjects only at school

D. study a subject more deeply at school than at home

85.The example of the pupils’ learning about Mexico shows that ________. A. a child usually learns the right things from their teachers B. a teacher can correct a pupil’s wrong ideas

C. a teacher’s attitude can influence a child’s attitude by teaching D. a child’s attitude is very changeable 86.The author implies that ________.

A. the teacher should guide all discussions by revealing her own attitude

B. in some aspects of social studies a greater variety of methods can be used in the upper grades than in the lower grades

C. people usually act on the basis of reasoning rather than emotion D. children’s attitudes often come from those of other children 87.A statement made or implied in the passage is that ________. A.attitudes can be based on the learning of falsehoods

B.a child can develop in the classroom an attitude about the importance of brushing his teeth C.attitudes cannot easily be changed by rewards and lectures

D.the attitudes of elementary school-aged children are influenced primarily by their teachers 88.The passage specifically states that ________. A.direct experiences are more valuable than indirect ones

B.whatever attitudes a child learns in school have already been introduced at home C.teachers should always conceal their own attitudes

D.teachers can sometimes have an unwholesome influence on children 89.From the last paragraph, we can see that ________. A.a teacher’s influence on children is always positive

B.children should be encouraged to reach their own decisions by ignoring objective facts C.if improperly handled, a teacher’s influence can be very harmful to the children D.children may develop prejudices if the teacher’s attitude is wrong 90.The author of this passage tries to ________.

A.present certain facts of how the development of a person’s attitude can be influenced B.show that our society is not doing enough to help children shape their attitudes C.point out that teachers are the only people who can influence the children’s attitudes D.prove that speeches and books are the only factors to indoctrinate children

Section 3: Cloze Test (10 points)

In the following passage, there are 20 blanks representing words that are missing from the context. Below the passage, each blank has 4 choices marked by letters A, B, C and D respectively. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.

The rocket engine, with its steady roar like that of a waterfall or a thunderstorm, is an impressive symbol of the new space age. Rocket engines have proved powerful ________(91) to shoot astronauts ________(92) the earth’s gravitational ________(93) and put them on the moon. We have now ________(94) space travelers.

Impressive and complex ________(95) it may appear, the rocket, which was ________(96) in China over 800 years ________(97), is a relatively simple device. Fuel that