While online shopping ________ (change) our life, not all of its effects have been positive.

根据语境结合后面的have been可知此处应用现在完成时，强调对现在造成的结果或影响，又主语为online shopping，故应填has changed。

5．通过“固定句式”解决时态：所谓固定就是需要考生记住，因此考生必须要熟记一些常见的固定句式结构。

(1)看到no sooner ... than ...或hardly ... when ...，要想到主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。

(2)看到并列连词when，要想到was/were doing sth. when ...；be about to do sth. when ...等句式。

(3)看到It/This/That is＋the＋序数词＋time＋that从句，要想到从句用现在完成时。 (4)看到It/This/That was＋the＋序数词＋time＋that从句，要想到从句用过去完成时。 (5)在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时表示将来。

(6)在由since引导的时间状语从句中，如果主句是现在完成时，从句则用一般过去时。 (7)看到“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”，要想到陈述句用一般将来时。

6．通过“逻辑关系”解决语态：对于语态问题的解题关键就在于理清主语与谓语的关系，如果为主动关系，则用主动语态，如果为被动关系，则用被动语态。需要注意的是，考生在做题时往往对时态问题比较关注，但却容易忽略语态问题，因此我们可采用“先语态，后时态”的做题方式来避免此类问题的发生。被动语态在各种时态中的构成形式如下所示：

7．注意“特殊动词”：有些动词(短语)的用法比较特殊，要格外注意。如belong to(属于)不用进行时和被动语态；date from或date back to(追溯到)常用一般现在时；系动词如

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look, seem, feel, taste, sound, smell, prove, appear等不能用被动语态。对于这些特殊的词汇，考生务必要记牢。

二 主谓一致

所谓主谓一致，就是说在英语中，句子的谓语动词的形式应与句子的主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致主要分为语法一致、意义一致及就近或就远一致，共三种。近几年来高考中对它的考查主要集中于语法一致和意义一致，并且常将主谓一致与动词的时态和语态结合起来进行考查。

1．语法一致

(1)可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数；可数名词复数作主语时谓语动词用复数。

(2)在定语从句中，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中的先行词的数一致。

(3)单个动名词、不定式、名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。但what引导的主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数。

2．意义一致

(1)集体名词作主语时，若强调整体，则谓语动词用单数；若强调个体，则谓语动词用复数。

常见的集体名词有：family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience等。

(2)“分数/百分数/the majority ＋of ＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数及其表示的意义；all, some, half, most, the rest等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。

3．就近/就远原则

(1)就近原则：由either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not ... but ..., not only ... but also ... 等连接的并列主语或者在there be句型中，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。

(2)就远原则：主语后跟有with, together with, along with, as well as, but, except, rather than, including等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。

过关检测(限时：30分钟)

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?

—The new Star Wars. We ________ (wait) here for more than two hours. 答案：have been waiting

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2．Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I ________ (leave) my book in the café.

答案：had left

3．Festivals and celebrations of all kinds ________ (hold) everywhere since ancient times.

答案：have been held

4．Long ago Hongbao ________ (see) as a means of protecting children from evil spirits.

答案：was seen

5．—You look so tired and pale. Anything wrong?

—I hate to complain, but a new road ________ (build) throughout the night. 答案：was being built

6．It is reported that his new book ________ (publish) by that company next year. 答案：will be published

7．How close parents are to their children ________ (have) a strong influence on the development of the children's characters.

答案：has

8．It took a long time but eventually the dog ________ (stop) barking and the man was able to touch it.

答案：stopped

9．The famous musician, as well as his students, ________ (invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.

答案：was invited

10．You rather than I ________ (be) going to go camping tomorrow. 答案：are Ⅱ.单句改错

1．I wept and said I do want to do my best but I just couldn't concentrate. ________________________________________________________________ 答案：第一个do→did

2．More efforts, as reported, will make in the years ahead to accelerate the supply－side structural reform.

________________________________________________________________ 答案：make→be made

3．Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement has reached so far by the

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two sides.

________________________________________________________________ 答案：has后加been 4．—What time is it?

—I have no idea. But just a minute, I check it for you. ________________________________________________________________ 答案：check前加will

5．The fact that so many people still smoke in public places suggest that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.

________________________________________________________________ 答案：suggest→suggests

6．They felt that the British economy was been held back by excessive government controls.

________________________________________________________________ 答案：been→being

7．One－third of the country is covered with trees and the majority of the citizens is black people.

________________________________________________________________ 答案：第二个is→are

8．Our school along with many other brother middle schools are to take another joint test next month.

________________________________________________________________ 答案：are→is

9．The man returned the handbag after he made sure it was belonged to her. _________________________________________________________________ 答案：去掉was

10．A recent survey shows that the number of children who come from the countryside with their parents are nearly 320,000 in Beijing.

_________________________________________________________________ 答案：are→is Ⅲ.语法填空

To be a charming (有魅力的) leader, it helps to have speaking skills that convey strength and experience. Contrary __1__ popular belief, a speaker's message may not matter as much as the style in which the speech __2__ (deliver). A new study finds

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