下面是期末试卷的基本题型及举例。

? 填空题：5-10题（1空1分）

1. 翻译是我国历史上第一次翻译高潮，其成就最大者是唐朝的 。

2. 不仅是位大文豪，而且翻译作品甚丰。他提出了：凡是翻译，必须兼顾着两面，一当然力求其易解，一则保存着原作的丰姿。

3. 雅各布逊将翻译分为三种类型：语内翻译、语际翻译和 翻译。

4. 霍姆斯的文章“翻译研究的名与实”被认为是翻译研究逐渐成为 的奠基之作。

? 术语释义：5题左右（1题5分） 5. 钱钟书的化境

6. 德莱顿的翻译三分法 7. 语义翻译与交际翻译

? 简述题：答题须在200字内。一般3题选做2题（1题15-20分） 8. 从传统译论、语言学派和文化学派的观点简述翻译的本质。 9. 译入语文化对翻译策略的影响 10. 翻译目的与翻译策略的关系

? 评述翻译策略：1题，可能的题型如下：（15-20分） 将下面的英文译成中文，分析自己的翻译策略及其依据：

11. To ponder interminably over the reason for one’s own existence or the meaning of life in

general seems to me, from an objective point of view, to be sheer folly. And yet everyone holds certain ideals by which he guides his aspiration and his judgment. The ideals which have always shone before me and filled me with the joy of living are goodness, beauty, and truth. To make a goal of comfort and happiness has never appealed to me; a system of ethics built on this basis would be sufficient only for a herd of cattle. (Albert Einstein)

注意下面原文译文的形式与功能，简要说明翻译的策略及其依据：

12. It may be safely assumed that, two thousand years ago, before Caesar set foot in Southern

Britain, the whole countryside visible from the windows of the room in which I write, was in what is called “the state of nature”. Except, it may be, by raising a few sepulchral mounds, such as those which still, here and there, break the flowing contours of the downs, man’s hands had made no mark upon it; and the thin veil of vegetation which overspread the broad-backed heights and the shelving sides of the coombs was unaffected by his industry. 赫胥黎独处一室之中,在英伦之南,背山而面野。槛外诸境，历历如在几下。乃悬想二千年前,当罗马大将恺彻未到时，此间有何景物。计惟有天造草昧，人功未施，其借征人境者，不过几处荒坟，散见坡陀起伏间。而灌木丛林，蒙茸山麓，未经删治如今者，则无疑也。