K12高考英语

Ialwayswantedtoknowwhatmymomwasreading.Hearingmomsay,\enewspaperthismorning,\mandknowallofthethingssheknew.SoIcarriedaroundabook,andeachnight,justtobelikeher,Iwouldpretendtobereading.

Thisishoweveryonelearnedtoread.Wewouldstartoffwithsentences,thenparagraphs,andthenstories.Itseemedanunendingjourney,butevenasasix-year-oldgirlIrealizedthatknowinghowtoreadcouldopenmanydoors.Whenmomsaid,\Yishiddenonthetopshelf,\edtoknoweverything.Ioftenfoundmyselftellingmymomtodrivemoreslowly,sothatIcouldreadalloftheroadsignswepassed.

Mostofmyreadingthroughprimary,middleandhighschoolwasfactualreading.Ireadforknowledge,andtomakeA'sonmytests.Occasionally,Iwouldreadanovelthatwasassigned,butIdidn'tenjoythistypeofreading.Ilikedfacts,thingsthatareconcrete.Ithoughtanythingabstractlefttoomuchroomforargument.

来&源中国@教育出版网#]

Yet,nowthatI'mgrowingandtheworldIonceknewasbeingsosimpleisbecomingmorecomplex,Ifindmyselfneedingawaytoescape.Byopeninganovel,IcanleavebehindmyburdensandenterintoawonderfulandmysteriousworldwhereIamnowanewcharacter.IntheseworldsIcanbecomeanyone.Idon'thavetowritedownwhathappenedorwhattechniquetheauthorwasusingwhenheorshewrotethis.Ijustreadtorelax.

We'retaughttoreadbecauseit'snecessaryformuchofhumanunderstanding.Readingisavitalpartofmylife.Readingsatisfiesmydesiretokeeplearning.AndI'vefoundthatthepossibilitiesthatliewithinbooksarelimitless.

41.Whydidtheauthorwanttograbthenewspaperoutofmom'shands？（） A.Shewantedmomtoreadthenewstoher. B.Shewasanxioustoknowwhathadhappened. C.Shecouldn'twaittotearthenewspaperapart.

中国^@教*%育出版网D.Shecouldn'thelpbutstopmomfromreading.

来^&%源中教网@~]42.AccordingtoParagraph3，theauthor'sreadingofroadsignsindicates___________

K12高考英语

K12高考英语

A.heruniquewaytolocateherself

B.hereagernesstodevelopherreadingability C.herefforttoremindmomtoobeytrafficrules D.hergrowingdesiretoknowtheworldaroundher. 43.Whatwastheauthor'sviewonfactualreading？（） A.Itwouldhelpherupdatetest-takingskills. B.Itwouldallowmuchroomforfreethinking. C.Itwouldprovidetrueandobjectiveinformation. D.Itwouldhelpshapearealisticandseriousattitudetolife. 44.Theauthortakesnovelreadingasawayto___________. A.exploreafantasyland B.developapassionforleaning

中@#国教育出~&版网C.learnabouttheadultcommunity

中国&%教育出版网*]D.getawayfromaconfusingworld

45.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage？（） A.TheMagicofReading

[www.*zz%step.#c~o^m]B.ThePleasureofReading

来%源中教网#~*]C.GrowingUpwithReading

中国教@^育出版网%]D.ReadingMakesaFullMan

来源:~&中教网*@]C

Howdoesanecosystem

（

生

态

系

统

）

work

？？

Tofindananswer

，

来@源:*&WhatmakesthepopulationsofdifferentspeciesthewaytheyareWhyaretheresomanyfliesandsofewwolves

？

scientistshavebuiltmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs，notingwhoeatswhomandhowmucheachoneeats.

中国教育出版网

K12高考英语

K12高考英语

Withsuchmodels，

scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciplesoperatinginfoodwebs.Mostfoodwebs，forinstance，consistofmanyweaklinksratherthanafewstrongones.Whenapredator

（

掠

食

动

物

）

alwayseatshugenumbersofasingleprey（猎物），thetwospeciesarestronglylinked；whenapredatorlivesonvariousspecies

，

theyareweaklylinked.Foodwebsmaybedominatedbymanyweaklinksbecausethatarrangementismorestableoverthelongterm.Ifapredatorcaneatseveralspecies，itcansurvivetheextinction（灭绝）ofoneofthem.Andifapredatorcanmoveontoanotherspeciesthatiseasiertofindwhenapreyspeciesbecomesrare

，

theswitchallowstheoriginalpreytorecover.Theweaklinksmaythuskeepspeciesfromdrivingoneanothertoextinction.

Mathematicalmodelshavealsorevealedthatfoodwebsmaybeunstable

wheresmallchangesoftoppredatorscanleadtobigeffectsthroughoutentireecosystems.Inthe1960s

，，

scientistsproposedthatpredatorsatthetopofafoodwebhadasurprisingamountofcontroloverthesizeofpopulationsofotherspecies---includingspeciestheydidnotdirectlyattack.

Andunplannedhumanactivitieshaveprovedtheideaoftop-downcontrolbytoppredatorstobetrue.Intheoceanwefishedfortoppredatorssuchascodonanindustrialscale

，

whileonland

，，

wekilledofflargepredatorssuchaswolves.Theseactionshavegreatlyaffectedtheecologicalbalance.

Scientistshavebuiltanearly-warningsystembasedonmathematicalmodels.Ideally

，

thesystemwouldtelluswhentoadapthumanactivitiesthatarepushinganecosystemtowardabreakdownorwouldevenallowustopullanecosystembackfromtheborderline.Preventioniskey

，

K12高考英语

K12高考英语

scientistssaysbecauseonceecosystemspasstheirtippingpointitisremarkablydifficultforthemtoreturn.

（临界点），

46.Whathavescientistsdiscoveredwiththehelpofmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs？（） A.Thelivinghabitsofspeciesinfoodwebs.来源~&:中教*%网

B.Therulesgoverningfoodwebsoftheecosystems.[w^ww&.#z*zstep.com%]

C.Theapproachestostudyingthespeciesintheecosystems. D.Thedifferencesbetweenweakandstronglinksinfoodwebs.中国%@教*^育出版网

47.Astronglinkisfoundbetweentwospecieswhenapredator______ A.hasawidefoodchoice B.caneasilyfindnewprey C.stickstoonepreyspecies D.canquicklymovetoanotherplace

48.Whatwillhappenifthepopulationsoftoppredatorsinafoodwebgreatlydecline？（）A.Thepreyspeciestheydirectlyattackwilldieout.

来源:#*中国教%育出~&版网

B.Thespeciestheyindirectlyattackwillturnintotoppredators. C.Thelivingenvironmentofotherspecieswillremainunchanged. D.Thepopulationsofotherspecieswillexperienceunexpectedchanges. 49.WhatconclusioncanbedrawnfromtheexamplesinParagraph4？（） A.Uncontrolledhumanactivitiesgreatlyupsetecosystems. B.Rapideconomicdevelopmentthreatensanimalhabitats. C.Speciesofcommercialvaluedominateotherspecies. D.Industrialactivitieshelpkeepfoodwebsstable.

50.Howdoesanearly-warningsystemhelpusmaintaintheecologicalbalance？（）A.Bygettingillegalpracticesundercontrol.中国^&教育*~%出版网

B.Bystoppingusfromkillinglargepredators.来源:zz&step.co@~m%]

K12高考英语