Once a thief, always a thief?—Washington Post, November, 21st, 2017. Martha Stewart was charged, tried and convicted(定罪)of a crime in 2004. As she came nearer to the end of her prison sentence, a well-known columnist wrote that she was “paying off her crime”and that “there is simply no reason for anyone to attempt to deny her right to start a new life”.

Surely, the American ideal of second chances should not only belong to the rich and powerful. Unfortunately, many laws set post-conviction restrictions on a shockingly large number of Americans, who are prevented from ever fully paying their debt to society.

At least 65 million people in the United States have a criminal record. This can result in severe punishments that continue long after the sentence is completed. Many of these punishments are set regardless of the seriousness of the

crime. Laws can restrict or-ban voting, obtaining public housing, and getting business licenses. They can affect a person’s ability to get a job and qualification for benefits.

In all, more than 45,000 laws and rules serve to stop vast numbers of people from fully participating in American life. Therefore, these law are also counterproductive, since they make it harder for people with criminal records to find housing or land a job, two key factors that reduce backsliding(重蹈覆辙). A recent report makes several recommendations, including the cancel of most post-conviction punishments, except for those specifically needed to protect public safety.

The point is not to excuse or forget the crime. Rather, it is to recognize that in America’s vast criminal law system, second chances are important. It is in no one’s interest to keep a large number of the population on the edge of society.

28. As for the example of Martha Stewart, the well-known columnist’s remark suggested that .

A. the public think it wrong to release Martha Stewart

B. Martha Stewart went on making big money while in prison

C. Martha Stewart’s past record might stand in her way to a new life D. the lawyers recommended a longer prison sentence to Martha Stewart

29. What do we learn from the second paragraph about many criminals in American ? A. They commit more serious crimes after leaving the prison. B. They live freely and happily after the prison sentence.

C. They receive severe punishments for committing small crimes. D. They got fewer chances to turn over a new leaf.

30. The closest explanation of the underlined word “counterproductive” in Paragraph 4 is“ .” A. enlarging the number B. booming the rise

C. having the opposite effect D. making a response

31. The author wrote this news to .

A. create opportunities for criminals to reform themselves B. call people’s attention to prisoners’ conditions in America C. reduce the criminal rate in America

D. demand changes in America’s criminal law system

·5·

D

What are the differences between human life and animals life? Group life is an outstanding feature of human life. What influences human life is that man lives in groups. He is the product of a group (mother and father); he is raised by a group (family or family substitute <替代> ); and he spends all his life interacting with and within groups of various kinds.

There are two types of groups where human life goes on. The type of group most important to man is one in which the members are personally involved with each other on both an emotional and physical level, in which relations are carried on by informal ways, and in which these relations are stable. Such a group is known as a primary group, and its best example is the family.

In small, non-technological societies, with members ranked on a more or less equal base on wealth and status, such a society is referred to as a communal(共同的)society.

In large, technologically advanced, competitive societies, where different kinds of labor are practiced, and where the wealth and status are not equal among members, it becomes necessary for one person to expand their interaction to secondary group. Members of a secondary group do not tend to be emotionally involved with each other. Relations are mostly formal since the members come together for a temporary reason. Teacher and student, seller and buyer, doctor and patient are examples of secondary groups.

Because of the nature of life in technologically advanced societies, man has had to rely increasingly on secondary group relationships. In the meantime, some of his primary group life has been gradually disappearing. The extended family, which was still typical in American life at the turn of the century, consisted of grandparents, unmarried aunts and uncles, and various other relatives who lived either under the same roof or in the same community, and gave mutual aid and comfort to each other.

Today’s family, however, is reduced to the nuclear (核心的)father, mother, and children. Visits to grandparents and relatives are impossible. The supportive role which the extended family played has not been replaced by relationships within the secondary group. 32. Members in a primary group tend to . A. communicate with each other in informal ways B. pass religious belief to other generations

C. be quite formal to each other on certain occasions D. keep a casual relationship with other people

33. In a communal society, members . A. usually show no interest in new technology

B. value their family status rather than the social one C. adapt the standard of a family to the whole society D. enjoy relatively equal relations with others

34. In comparison with a communal society, in a secondary society. A. people stress formal relations for a temporary reason B. people with skills are highly admired C. high advanced technology is useless

D. people enjoy wide relations with strangers

35. According to the author, in a nuclear family, . A. family members are indifferent to each other B. a close tie with other family members declines

·6·

C. grandparents no longer love their grandchildren

D. the primary family relation is between father and son 第二节(共5小题;每小题2 分，满分10分)

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

Variety is the spice of language. The words listed in this book are not intended to replace those that most people use most of the time. Rather, they are variations on the theme. We tend to use the same old words over and over again, to limit our powers of expression by limiting our vocabulary. There is nothing wrong with the “old words”. 36

How often have you spoke not having an accident? 37 Everyone talks of the usual thing to do or expect. Might not one, to enrich his speech, speak of the customary thing or why not occasionally describe a situation as aggravated instead of worsened?

38 Vary them with the “new words”. English is an especially rich language, and often there are tiny differences between two words that are generally regarded as the same. Thus, a mishap is not merely an accident ;it is an unfortunate accident. (There can be fortunate accidents, like bumping into an old friend you haven’t seen for years and whose address you’ve lost. ) 39 Other examples: fragrant, for smelling good, or having a nice smell; morsel, for bit, deft, for skillful or clever.

No doubt a good many words in the list will be familiar to you, but do you use them, or do they remain the“property”of others? They are included to introduce variety, into your speech and writing. 40 Let them compete, and make your language all the richer. A. Don’t throw away the “old words”.

B. Our interest in learning will be discouraged.

C. But why not enhance your speech and writing by learning to use new ones from time to time as alternatives?

D. English words are grouped according to their origins.

E. Can we use the alternative mishap (小事故)once in a while?

F. So, in using mishap instead of accident, you must be sure of the distinction.

G. Try to make these words your own, as companions or friendly rivals of the ones you have managed with in the past.

第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分) 第一节 (共20小题:每小题1. 5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C 和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 This month has been a 41 roller coaster of emotions and stressful moments—I’m beginning to see the physical signs of my 42 .

I 43 myself with a whole mass of work for college, thinking that I had weeks to start it all, 44 suddenly deadlines are coming. I find myself 45 blankly at a computer screen every night 46 the library shuts, wishing I had the organizational skills I never 47 from my mother! This doesn’t actually feel 48 stressful at the time—it’s only when I think I’m finally relaxing that I 49 the signals.

There seem to be a lot of little things the body does in 50 to stress that are 51 noticeable when you are in the midst of things but 52 later on—like finding your jaw is clenched(咬紧)and your hands in fists when you are in bed trying to sleep. It can also make your hair 53 more than normal—quite distressing. I’ve been dealing with these 54 by attempting to 55 the cause. I decided my work tactic from now on will be to start every assignment the week I get it, and 56 the work out over weekends. 57 the

·7·

muscle spasms(痉挛)and the hair loss, yoga is the 58 . My yoga 59 headaches, gives me energy even after a busy day, and 60 the muscles I never knew I had. I come after an hour session feeling like I could do my day again, and then I always get a good night’s sleep. 41. A. changeable B. slow C. common D. urgent 42. A. mood B. emotion C. stress D. disorder 43. A. leftB. assisted C. presented D. adjusted 44. A. if B. but C. so D. and

45. A. matching B. typing C. staring D. watching 46. A. until B. because C. unless D. since 47. A. passed B. benefited C. fetched D. inherited 48. A. instantly B. particularly C. wonderfully D. voluntarily 49. A. extend B. notice C. invent D. explore 50. A. touch B. case C. reaction D. regard 51. A. likely B. actually C. almost D. barely 52. A. pass away B. hold on C. go through D. turn up 53. A. fall out B. pick out C. hold out D. stand out 54. A. aches B. illnesses C. symptoms D. conditions 55. A. admit B. handle C. reject D. blame 56. A. spread B. break C. stand D. leave

57. A. In addition B. Apart from C. Regardless of D. As for 58. A. researchB. identity C. answerD. credit 59. A. cures B. protects C. affects D. fights

60. A. increases B. solves C. strengthens D. wonders 第二节(共10小题;每小題1. 5分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入正确的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

China from 2018. should gradually delay the 61 (retire) age for women by one year once every three years , and by one year for men once every six years, gradually reaching the age of 65 by 2045, said a report 62 (publish) by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences on December 3.

The gradual delay is necessary for several reasons. For instance, the current age limit 63 (set) in the early 1950s 64 China’s life expectancy(寿命)was 65 than 50 years old. Now that the life expectancy of the average Chinese person has increased 66 75, people should also retire later. Also, it’s a necessary solution for 67 (handle)China’s 68 (age)population. Gradually delaying can ensure 69 stable pension system.

The public’s interests should be taken into account if and when the government sets the age limit. The biggest problem for China’s existing pension system is 70 the pension contribution is high while the replacement ratio is low.

第四部分 写作（共两节；满分35分）

第一节: 短文改错(共10小题; 每小题1分，满分10分)

假如英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌的以下作文，文中共有10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。 增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(/\\),并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除: 把多余的词用斜线(\\) 划掉。

·8·