BOOK 1 - Unit 7 - Language Focus - Vocabulary
1. Fill in the gaps with words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.
1）. The financial (财政的) help they got from the local government didn't [go far / go very far] toward solving the problem.
2）. Their retail (零售) business in Asia [has expanded] rapidly since the early 1990s.
3) .[In the interest of / In the interests of] world peace, we must promote (增进) mutual understanding among nations with different social systems.
4). I thought it was still early, yet I got to the library [only to] find it closed.
5. On the train I [encountered] an old lady who happened to be a neighbor of my daughter's when she lived in Los Angeles.
6. Our company [has cooperated] with several American companies for the past few years in joint ventures.
7. Phil looked around at the other competitors (竞争对手) and [assessed] his chances of winning.
8. The police believed that the reason they failed to find anything suspicious in that guy's bag was that members of the gang (一伙歹徒) [(had) switched] bags at the airport.
9. Our visit to the Far East has certainly broadened our [horizons].
10. Emily felt increasingly uncomfortable under the woman's steady [gaze].
11. Everything was going smoothly until suddenly the [disaster] struck.
12. Smallpox (天花), which used to be a severe epidemic (流行性的) disease, has been completely [wiped out] .
2. Rewrite each sentence with the word or phrase in brackets, keeping the same meaning. The first part has been written for you.
1. Whether the book should be published or not was once an issue people disagreed about for a long time. (controversy over sth.)
There used to be [a long controversy over whether the book should be published or not / a long-running controversy over whether the book should be published or not].
2. Kate's first meeting with Tom went smoothly, which made her feel less uneasy. (relieve) Kate [felt relieved after her first meeting with Tom had gone smoothly].
3. I was in the middle of writing the essay when my computer suddenly stopped working properly. (go wrong)
Something [suddenly went wrong with my computer when I was in the middle of writing the essay].
4. Clearly our company is still maintaining its position as market leader in software. (obvious)
It [is obvious that our company is still maintaining its position as market leader in software].
5. She insists on a pay rise, otherwise she will stop working for them. (give in) She is determined not to [give in until they give her a pay rise].
3. Complete the following, using the words or phrases in brackets.
Make additions or changes where necessary.
1. Scientists [have undertaken] various kinds of [original] research projects [to explore] animal intelligence, but they still can't reach an agreement on whether it exists or not. (explore, original, undertake)
2. Lots of [evidence convinced us] us that the lost ancient tunnel (地道) must have run right [underneath] the city, [extending to] the seashore. (extend, convince, evidence, underneath)
3. We should try [to negotiate] a win-win solution when resolving issues we [encounter] in foreign trade. First we need [to figure out] what caused the problems. Then we should proceed to [explore] ways of solving them that are beneficial to both sides. (encounter, figure out, explore, negotiate)
BOOK 1 - Unit 7 - Language Focus - Confusable Words Fill in the gaps with at first or first or firstly according to the context.
1. Phil studies management science [firstly] because he enjoys it and secondly because he wants to get a good job.
2. Tickets can be bought here on a [first] come, [first] served basis.
3. [At first] I thought the house was empty, then I heard a woman's voice come from the kitchen.
4. [Firstly / First] I have to send the email to John, then I'll come shopping with you.
5. When people get their newspaper, which page do they read [first]?
BOOK 1 - Unit 7 - Language Focus - Usage
Find eight similar phrases from the text and tell how the attributive noun modifies another noun.
BOOK 1 - Unit 7 - Language Focus - Comprehensive Exercises 1. Complete the following interview with Eugene Linden with words chosen from the Words and Phrases to Drill box. Change the form where necessary.
Interviewer: You mention the case of one whale helping to save another in an [emergency](1). What does this suggest?
Linden: Well, it seems to me that this is clearly [evidence](2) of [original] (3) thought. Here we see an animal [sizing up](4) a situation and then taking appropriate action in cooperation with humans.
Interviewer: And when Jendry [negotiates](5) with Colo, what does that [reveal](6)?
Linden: It shows that some animals, gorillas at least, are intelligent enough to bargain, to [make a deal] (7).
Interviewer: Then there is the case of Miles and Chantek.
Linden: Oh, yes. We like to think of ourselves as the [dominant](8) species, but that doesn't mean animals can't sometimes play tricks on us when it's [in their interest / in their interests](9).
Interviewer: Like Melati [deceiving](10) Shewman? Linden: Exactly.
Interviewer: So would you say your approach to the problem settles the [controversy](11) over animal intelligence?
Linden: That's not an easy [judgment](12) to make, but it does, I think, open up interesting new paths to [explore](13).
2. Read the following passage carefully until you have got its main
idea, and then select one appropriate word for each gap from the box following the passage.
Behavior is the way that animals act. For example, how do they get food or take care of their young? How do they find a place to live in or [protect] (1) themselves from danger? Much behavior is innate; that is, animals are born with it. [However] (2), animals learn much other behavior. There are several kinds of learned behavior.
One simple [type] (3) of learned behavior is habituation. This happens when an animal learns to feel comfortable in a new [situation] (4) and doesn't pay attention to it anymore. For example, young horses are often afraid of noisy streets. But after a while, they learn to pay no attention to the normal [sights] (5) and sounds of a city.
Another kind of learned behavior is conditioning. It is a way of learning by association — that is, by putting [together] (6) different ideas. In 1900, Ivan Pavlov, a Russian biologist, studied conditioning in dogs. Dogs innately salivate (produce liquid in the mouth) when they smell food. Pavlov [rang] (7) a bell every time he gave food to a dog. Soon the dog started to [associate] (8) the sound of the bell with the smell of food. After some time, it salivated when it heard a bell alone, [without] (9) food.
Learning is important for all animals in a new [environment] (10). It allows an animal to be adaptable — that is, able to change in a new situation.
3. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases in brackets.
1. 当地一家公司承担了此项工程，但工程没完成就破产了。(undertake) [A local business the project but went bankrupt before it was completed.]
2. 我和你做笔交易——你替我洗车，我晚上把车借给你开。(make a deal) [Let's — you wash my car, and I'll let you use it tonight.]
3. 我们到达那个我们本以为已毁于那次大地震的村庄时，却发现它只受到轻微的损失。(wipe out, only to)
[We got to the village which we thought must have been in the severe earthquake, find it slightly damaged.]
4. 我的花园既干燥又背阴（shady）。在那样的环境里，很少有植物能茁壮生长。(thrive) [My garden is dry and shady — few plants in that condition.]
5. 那位电影明星的死亡真相至今仍被谜团mystery）笼罩着。(surround)
[Mystery still the exact truth behind the film star's death / exact circumstances of the film star's death.]
4. Translate the following passage into English, using the words and
phrases given below.
我小时候常去家乡的动物园参观。那里最吸引我的是一对老虎，特别是那只雄虎。它们起初被关在一只大的铁笼子（cage）里，后来放了出来，被迁到一个叫虎山的地方。二十年后我再度访问了这个动物园，欣慰地发现虎山仍在，但已扩大了许多。在那里活动的共有大小六只老虎，而不是两只了。
[ When I was young I used to visit the zoo in my hometown. There what attracted me most was a couple of tigers, especially the male. They were kept in a huge iron cage at first, but later were released from it and moved to a place called Tiger Hill. Twenty years later I revisited the zoo and was relieved to find Tiger Hill was still there, but greatly extended. Moving around now were six tigers, old and young, instead of two!]