3.8 主旨大意（二）语篇主旨

A

2019·吉林省吉林市高考英语一模

One of the most important things in the world is friendship. In order to have friends, you have to be a friend. But how can you be a good friend at school?

Listen—Listen when they are talking. Don't say anything unless they ask you a question. Sometimes it's not necessary for you to have anything to say; they just need someone to talk to about their feelings.

Help them—If your friend is ever in need of something, be there to help them. You should try to put them first, but make sure you don't do everything they want you to do. Try to take an extra pencil or pen with you to classes in case they forget one. Have a little extra money in your pocket in case they forget something they need.

Be there for them—Be there for your friends to help make them feel better in hard times. Marilyn Monroe, a famous U．S. actor, once said，“I often make mistakes. Sometimes I am out of control. But if you can't stay with me at my worst, you are sure not to deserve to be with me at my best.” Always remember this! If you don't want to stay with your friends when they're in hard times, then you don't deserve to be with them when they're having a good time!

Make plans—Try to make plans with your friends. Go shopping, go for ice creams, have a party, go to the movies and so on. Take time to know each other even better by doing something you both enjoy. By planning things together, you both can have a good time. And you'll remember these things when you're all old!

1．What should you do while your friend is talking to you about his or her feelings? A．Calm him or her down. B．Just listen unless asked. C．Share your feelings as well. D．Give him or her some advice.

2．What should we do when we provide help for our friends? A．Ignore their faults. B．Put them before ourselves. C．Change their bad habits first. D．Try to do everything for them.

3．What can we learn from Marilyn Monroe's words? A. Life without a friend is death. B. A friend is easier lost than found. C. A man is known by his friends. D. A friend in need is a friend indeed.

4．What is probably the best title for the test? A．How to be a good friend. B．How to find a good friend. C．How to make more friends. D．How to help friends in trouble.

[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了友谊是生命中最重要的东西之一，让自己成为一个好朋友要做到以下几点：学会倾听朋友的心声；在朋友需要的时候帮助朋友；平时生活中为朋友着想，尤其在他们困难时；和朋友们一起做一些计划。

1．B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句“Don't say anything unless they ask you a question.”可得知应该要学会倾听，当朋友需要你说话时才开口。故选B。

2．B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中第二句“You should try to put them first”看出，当朋友需要帮助时，你应该把朋友的事情放在第一位。故答案为B。

3．D 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段Marilyn Monroe 说的话“I often make mistakes.Sometimes I am out of control.But if you can't stay with me at my worst，you are sure not to deserve to be with me at my best.”可知如果你不能在朋友最困难的时候帮助他，那你也不配做他的朋友，患难见真情。故选D。

4．A 【解析】标题归纳题。文章开篇明义“In order to have friends，you have to be a friend.”概述了我们要努力成为一个合格的朋友，下文的内容都是在讲如何成为一个称职的朋友。故选A。

B

It is quite reasonable to blame traffic jams, the cost of gas and the great speed of modern life, but manners on the road are being horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men would be fierce tigers behind the wheel. It is all right to have a tiger in a cage, but to have one in the driver's seat is another matter altogether.

Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed drivers great patience to give up the desire to beat back when forced to face rude driving. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards reducing the possibility of quarrelling and fighting. A friendly nod or a wave of thanks in answer to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of good will and calm so necessary in modern traffic condition.

But such behaviors of politeness are by no means enough. Many drivers nowadays don't even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.

However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who waves a child crossing the street at a wrong place into the path of oncoming cars that may be not able to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they want to. It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies.

An experienced driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if drivers learnt to correctly join in traffic stream without causing total blockages that give rise to unpleasant feelings. Unfortunately, modern drivers can't even learn to drive. Years ago, experts warned us that the fast increase of the car ownership would demand more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart. 5. According to the passage, troubles on the road are often caused by________. A．road conditions

B．the behavior of the drivers C．the speed of modern life D．the large number of cars

6. In the writer's opinion, ___________. A．unskillful drivers should be punished B．strict traffic rules are badly needed C．drivers should show road politeness properly D．drivers should avoid traffic jams

7. The underlined word “give-and-take” in the last paragraph means__________. A．politeness and impoliteness B．good manners and bad manners

C．willingness to give in to each other's wishes D．offering help to others as much as possible 8. What is the best title of the passage? A．Traffic Problems B．Road Politeness C．Bad Manners on the Road D．Good Drivers and Bad Drivers

[语篇解读] 本文是议论文。文章分析了道路礼仪在交通运行中的作用以及司机不良的交通礼仪所造

成的后果，从而要求司机遵守交通规则、司机之间互相理解和谦让，创造一个和谐安全的交通氛围。 5．B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段的第一句以及第二段的第二句可知：交通麻烦往往是由司机的不良行为造成的。故答案为B。

6．C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段的第一句以及第三段的第一句可知：司机应该在交通礼仪方面表现恰当。其它三项文章没有提到。

7．C 【解析】词义猜测题。根据划线词前后的内容表述可知：司机驾车时应该互相理解和谦让，故答案为C项。

8．B 【解析】标题归纳题。根据第一段也就是主题段的提示以及下文各段的叙述可知全文都是围绕“道路礼仪”这个主题展开的。其它三项内容都比较片面，不能概括文章大意。

C

These days a green building means more than just the color of the paint.Green buildings can also refer to environmentally friendly houses，factories，and offices.

Green buildings mean “reducing the effect of the building on the land”，Taryn Holowka of the U．S.Green Building Council (评议会) in Washington，D.C.，said.According to Holowka，building accounts for 65 percent of total U．S.electricity use.

But green buildings can reduce energy and water use.Also，the buildings are often located near public transportation such as buses and subways，so that people can drive their cars less.That could be good for the environment，because cars use lots of gas and give off pollution.Green buildings are often built on developed land，so that the buildings don't destroy forests.

Marty Dettling is project manager for a building that puts these ideas into action.The Solaire has been called the country's first green high-rise building.According to Dettling，“We've reduced our energy use by one-third and our water by 50 percent.”

The Solaire cuts energy in part by using solar power.“On the face of the building we have solar panels (光板) which change the sun's energy into electricity，” Dettling explained.

The Solaire also has lights that automatically turn off when people leave the room.In addition，the building has lots of windows，allowing people to use the sun for light during the day.The Solaire cuts water by reusing it.

Not everyone is eager to move into a green building，however.Some people think that things like solar panels cost more money than traditional energy sources.Anyhow，Holowka said，“It's going to be big.”

9．A green building means ________. A．a building that uses no electricity