Section_Ⅳ
Learning_about_Language_&_Using_Language
[原文呈现][读文清障] Peru
①
①on the coast of 在??的海岸线上
Peru is a country on the Pacific coast of ②the Andes /'?ndi?z/ Mountains安第斯山脉 South America. It has three main geographical ③parallel/'p?r?lel/adj.平行的；相同的；类areas: a narrow coastal belt; the Andes
似的
②③
Mountains running parallel to the coast;
④Lake Titicaca /?tItI'kɑ?kɑ?/ 的的喀喀湖
and high, flat plains in the southeast. In the
⑤In the high plains area is Lake Titicaca是倒
④
high plains area is Lake Titicaca， the
装句。还原后是Lake Titicaca is in the high
highest lake in the world, on which boats can
plains area。 the highest lake in the world⑤⑥
travel. Peru has abundant plants from
是Lake Titicaca的同位语，on which引导
desert grasses to vast areas of jungle.
非限制性定语从句。
Once the centre of the powerful and
⑦
extremely wealthy Inca Empire， much of ⑥abundant/?'b?nd?nt/adj.丰富的；充裕的
⑧
South America was governed by Spain from ⑦Inca /'I?k?/ Empire印加帝国
⑨
the sixteenth century onwards. Peru finally ⑧govern/'ɡ?vn/vt. &vi.统治；支配；管理 ⑩
gained its independence from Spain in 1821. ⑨onwards /'?nw?dz/adv.向前地；前进地
The capital of Peru is Lima, which is in the ⑩gain one's independence 获得独立 north on the coast?. The ancient Inca capital, ?which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰Cuzco, is found high in the Andes. It is a
Lima。
popular tourist destination?as it is close to ?destination/'destI'neI?n/n．目的地 the famous Inca ruins? of the city of Machu ?ruin n．废墟；崩溃；垮掉 v．毁坏，断Picchu?. Cuzco is a lively city with many
送
hotels and inns?， where both Indian and ?Machu Picchu /?mɑ?t?u?'pi?kt?u?/马丘比丘Spanish culture and art can be seen?.
1．Why is Cuzco popular with tourists? 2．What is special about Lake Titicaca? 3．What do you think the two official languages of Peru are？
(秘鲁) ?inn/In/n．客栈
?where both Indian and Spanish ...是非限制性定语从句，定语从句与先行词隔开，该定语从句叫分隔式定语从句。
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秘鲁
秘鲁是南美洲临太平洋海岸的一个国家。秘鲁有三大主要地理地区：狭长的海岸带，与海岸平行的安第斯山脉以及东南部地势较高的平原地区。在高原地区有的的喀喀湖，这是世界上海拔最高的湖，在湖上可以行船。秘鲁有着多种多样的植物，从沙漠中的草到大片的热带丛林。
秘鲁曾经是强盛而极为富裕的印加帝国的中心，从16世纪起，南美洲许多地区都是由西班牙统治的。秘鲁最终于1821年脱离西班牙而独立。秘鲁的首都是利马，位于北部的临海地区。在安第斯的高山之上发现了古印加帝国的首都库斯科。这儿是旅游的热点，因为它离马丘比丘城著名的印加遗址很近。库斯科有很多旅店和小酒店，是一座富有活力的城市，在那儿你可以看到印第安和西班牙的文化艺术。
1．为什么库斯科受旅游人士的欢迎？2.的的喀喀湖有什么特别之处？3.你认为秘鲁有哪两种官方语言？
PERU
①
②
①Peru /p?'ru?/n．秘鲁(南美国家)
Peru offers a variety of experiences from ②a variety of许多的；各种各样的 ancient ruins and centuries-old Spanish ③centuries-old adj.有几百年历史的
villages to thick forests, high mountains and ④taste n．口味；爱好，喜好 desert coastline. TRAVEL PERU offers tours for
⑤Cuzco /'k?sk??/n．库斯科(秘鲁南部城市)
④
all ages and tastes. The following tours are
⑥civilization n．文明
⑤
based at Cuzco， the site of the ancient capital
⑦diverse adj.种类不同的
⑥
of the Inca civilization.
⑧close up靠近，接近
Tour 1
⑨four-day walking tour 4天的徒步旅行，
⑦
Experience the jungle and its diverse
four-day是合成形容词，作定语，此时day
⑧
wildlife close up. During this four-day walking 不用复数形式。动名词walking作定语，修
⑨⑩
tour， you will be amazed by mountain
饰tour。
??
scenery and the ancient ruins we pass on
⑩be amazed by/at 对??叹为观止，对??惊
?
our hike. On the last day, we arrive at the ruins
叹
?
of Machu Picchu in time to see the sunrise
?scenery n．[U]风景，风光
over the Andes. Spend the day visiting the ruins
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③
of this ancient Inca city before catching the train ?we pass on our hike是省略了that的定语从back to Cuzco.
句，修饰先行词the ancient ruins。 ?hike /haIk/vi.&n．远足；徒步旅行 ?in time to see ... 及时看到??
秘鲁
秘鲁提供各种各样的旅游经历，从古代的遗址、具有数百年历史的西班牙式的村庄，到茂密的森林、耸立的高山和临海的沙漠。“秘鲁之旅”为各个年龄段不同品位的人提供旅游服务。下列旅游项目都是从库斯科出发，库斯科是印加文化的古都所在地。
旅游路线1
体验丛林，近距离观赏种类繁多的野生生物。在四天的徒步旅游中，山区的风景和步行途经的古代遗址将会令你叹为观止。最后一天到达马丘比丘遗址，正好能及时看到安第斯山上的日出。白天参观古印加城的遗址，然后乘火车返回库斯科。
Tour 2
?Puno /'pu?n??/n．普诺(秘鲁)
A full-day trip by road from Cuzco to Puno? ?fantastic adj.极好的；奇异的；难以置信的 with fantastic? views of the highlandcountryside. ?现在分词短语“stopping on the way ...”作From Puno, we travel by boat across Lake Titicaca,
?
状语，表补充说明。
stopping on the way at thefloating ?the Uros people乌罗族人
islands of the Uros people?. These floating islands?动名词“floating”作定语，修饰islands。
?
and the Uros Indian's housesare made of? the ?be made of由??制成(从制成品能看出
21. A full-water plants that grow in the lake○day 原材料)
22 stay with a local familygives you an opportunity○21that引导定语从句，○修饰the water plants，to learn more about their life. Return to Puno on
that在从句中作主语。
23. the fourth dayfor your flight back to Lima○
22opportunity n．机会 ○
Tour 3
23Lima /'li?m?/n．利马(秘鲁首都) ○
Spend four days high in the Andes at Cuzco.
24admire vt.羡慕；钦佩 ○
Learn about its history and visit the museums.
25architecture n．建筑 ○
24 the Spanish architecture○25， enjoy Admire○
26cuisine n．菜肴 ○
26 and take some some excellent Spanish cuisine○
27bargain v．讨价还价 n．便宜货 ○
27 for some souvenirs○28 at the time to bargain○
28souvenir n．纪念品 ○
colourful markets. Take the train up to Machu
29guided adj.有指导的 ○29 tour of the ruins and the Picchu for a guided○30 of the Inca king. royal tomb○
30tomb/tu?m/n．坟墓 ○
31accommodation n．住所；住宿 ○
Tour 4
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A short flight from Cuzco takes you from the ○32reserve n．此处作“保护区”讲，还可作Andes into the lowlands of the Amazon Jungle.
“保护；保留”讲
From here you'll travel by boat to your ○33hold a record保持纪录
31 in a forest reserve○32， which accommodation○34which holds the record ...是which引导的○
33 for the most bird sightings in holds the record○
非限制性定语从句，修饰a forest reserve。
34. From the guesthouse you can explore one area○35company n．陪伴 ○35 of a local guide. the jungle in the company○
旅游路线2
全日乘车旅游，从库斯科到普诺，观赏高原乡村的秀丽景色。我们从普诺乘船穿过的的喀喀湖，半途停歇在乌罗族人的浮岛上。这些浮岛和乌罗印第安人的房子都是用种在湖里的水草做成的。有一整天的时间待在当地居民的家里，这样你会有机会更多地了解他们的生活。第四天返回普诺，再乘飞机返回利马。
旅游路线3
在库斯科的安第斯高山上玩四天。 了解它的历史，参观博物馆。观赏西班牙式的建筑，品尝西班牙美味，在五颜六色的市场上花些时间讨价还价买点纪念品。乘火车去马丘比丘，由导游陪同去参观遗址和印加国王的皇家墓地。
旅游路线4
从库斯科乘飞机作一次短途飞行，从安第斯山到亚马孙河丛林的低地。从这里可以乘船到森林保护区的接待站，这个护林区保持着一项观鸟纪录，即在一个地区可以看到最多的鸟类。你还可以在当地导游的陪同下，从接待站出发去丛林探险。
Read the text and choose the best answers.
1．On which tours can you visit the famous Inca ruins of the city of Machu Picchu? A．Tour 1 and Tour 2. B．Tour 2 and Tour 3. C．Tour 1 and Tour 3. D．Tour 3 and Tour 4.
2．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．Peru has the highest lake in the world. B．Peru is short of wildlife.
C．Peru has only one official language. D．Peru mainly has four geographical areas.
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