H2. Protecting IP could ensure that computer skills will become □

restricted to the privileged classes.

B3. Forcing Western companies to share the details of their technology □

or product facilitated copyright piracy.

H4. It is likely that many people working in IT have used pirated □software.

B5. Copyright laws help to protect a company’s investment in research □

and development.

G6. Sharing ideas is important for innovation. □

B7. Copying blueprints and recipes illegally is the same as stealing □

tangible property.

G8. Copyright laws may hinder innovation. □

I9. Copyright laws can have a negative effect on the economy. □

E10. There are always people who will try to exploit someone else’s □research.

Part C: Selecting Best Choices

The paragraph on Page 19 has been taken from the text but includes ten blanks. You are required to select one word or expression for each blank from a list of words in the word bank provided. You may not use any of the words in the word bank more than once.

Word Bank

A) corporation B) correct C) counterfeit D) facility E) genuine

There are _____I____ examples of such copyright ____O_____ from the past. The American chemical _____A_____, Du Pont, for example, introduced into one Asian country its famous Londax _____K_____, which kills weeds in rice fields. The company had invested millions of dollars in the research and development of this product, and _____H_____ another US$25 million into opening a local production ______D______.

Word Bank

B) correct C) counterfeit E) genuine

Less than one year afterwards, however, very cheap bottles of a fake Londax were openly on sale. The ______N______ difference between

F) important G) incorrect J) laboratory

L) proclaimed M) respected N) sole

F) important G) incorrect H) injected I) innumerable J) laboratory

K) product L) proclaimed M) respected N) sole O) theft

the _____C____ and ____F____ items — other than the price — was that the fake was called Rondex and came in a blue rather than green bottle. However, as it was so much cheaper than the original, it effectively destroyed Du Pont’s investment. It also made the company much less willing to invest in R&D (research and development) of new chemicals. The “recipe” for Londax should have been _____M_____ as the intellectual property of Du Pont. For another company to make unauthorized use of it was stealing, just as surely as if they had stolen Du Pont’s machines or any other physical property.

Developing Your Skills Part A: Text Structures

We will now examine the organization of the two texts in a little more detail. The basic organization of the texts is given in the left-hand columns of the tables below and on Page 20. Your task is to complete the brief notes in the right-hand columns to illustrate the organizational points. Text 1:

problem example of problem example of problem solution to problem American and European products and production processes were widely copied in Southeast Asia and this cost companies a lot of money the herbicide ___Londax__ was copied and sold very cheaply as ___Rondex___ the breakfast cereal, kellogg’s cornflakes, was copied asKongal Cornstrips local laws should be changed to protect companies’ intellectual property rights and if this fails companies should employ more inspectors to check for copyright abuse

situation intellectual property rights exist to protect and encourage innovation explanation of situation however, innovation is a collaborative process, and protecting intellectual property slows this down argument without pirated software, many coders and IT creators would not have been able to develop their skills argument intellectual property rights are used to drive prices up Text 2:

Part B: Identifying Contrasting Information

The two texts present arguments which contain a number of contrasting points. Read the table below and then find and read again particular parts of the texts in order to complete the empty cells of the table.

Points to Contrast Text One concept of intellectual The theft of intellectual property property is piracy and is similar to the theft of physical goods. It is illegal and should not be allowed to continue. effects of copying ...it effectively destroyed Du Text Two ...protecting IP slows down innovation, because people cannot use each other’s ideas It is probably safe to say that