承认自己已经完全不读书了。 “我大学读的是文学专业，曾经是一个嗜书如命的人，”他写道。“到底发生了什么事呢?”他推测出了一个答案:“如果对我来说，通过网络来阅读的真正理由与其说是我的阅读方式发生了改变，比如，我只是图个方便，不如说是我的思维方式在发生变化，那么我该怎么办呢?”

5.Bruce Friedman, who blogs regularly about the use of computers in medicine, also has described how the Internet has altered his mental habits. \longish article on the web or in print,\pathologist who has long been on the faculty of the University of Michigan Medical School, Friedman elaborated on his comment in a telephone conversation with me. His thinking, he said, has taken on a \staccato\text from many sources online. \admitted \three or four paragraph is too much to absorb. I skim it.\

5布鲁斯?弗里德曼经常撰写有关电脑在医学领域应用的文章。他在早些时候同样提到因特网如何改变了他的思维习惯。“稍长些的文章，不管是网上的还是已经出版的，我现在几乎已经完全丧失了阅读它们的能力。”在密歇根大学医学院长期任教的病理学家布鲁斯，弗里德曼在电话里告诉我，由于上网快速浏览文章的习惯，他的思维呈现出一种“碎读”特性。“我再也读不了《战争与和平》了。”弗里德曼

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承认，“我失去了这个本事。即便是一篇长达三四段的博客也难以消化。我只能略微浏览一下。”

6.Anecdotes alone don't prove much. And we still await the long-term neurological and psychological experiments that will provide a definitive picture of how the Internet use affects cognition. But a recently published study of online research habits, conducted by scholars from University College London, suggests that we may well be in the midst of a sea change in the way we read and think. As part of the five-year research program, the scholars examined computer logs' documenting the behavior of visitors to two popular research sites, one operated by the British Library and one by a UK educational consortium, that provide access to journal articles, e-books, and other sources of written information. They found that people using the sites exhibited \hopping from one source to another and rarely returning to any source they'd already visited. They typically read no more than one or two pages of an article or book before they would \Sometimes they'd save a long article, but there's no evidence that they ever went back and actually read it.

6 仅仅是趣闻轶事还不能证明什么。我们仍在等待长期的神经学和心理学的实验，这将给因特网如何影响到我们的认识一个权威的定论。伦敦大学学院的学者做了一个网络研读习惯的研究并发表了研究结果。该研究指出，我们可能已经彻底置身于阅读与思考方式的巨变

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之中了。作为五年研究计划的一部分，学者们检测了计算机日志，它跟踪记录了两个流行的搜索网站的用户行为。其中一个网站是英国图书馆的，另一个是英国教育社团的，他们提供了期刊论文、电子书以及其他一些文献资源。他们发现，人们上网时呈现出“一种浮光掠影般的形式”，总是从一个资源跳到另一个资源，并且很少返回他们之前访问过的资源。他们常常还没读完一两页文章或书籍，就“弹”出来转到另一个网页去了。有时候他们会保存一个篇幅长的文章，但没有任何证据表明他们曾经返回去认真阅读。

7.Thanks to the ubiquity of text on the Internet, not to mention the popularity of text- messaging on cell phones, we may well be reading more today than we did in the 1970s or 1980s, when television was our medium of choice. But it's a different kind of reading, and behind it lies a different kind of thinking-perhaps even a new sense of the self.' \not only what we read,\psychologist at Tufts University and the author of Proust and the Squid: The Story and Science of the Reading Brain, \Wolf worries that the style of reading promoted by the Net, a style that puts \capacity for the kind of deep reading that emerged when an earlier technology, the printing press, made long and complex works of prose commonplace. When we read online, she says, we tend to become \decoders of information\

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mental connections that form when we read deeply and without distraction, remains largely disengaged.

7多亏铺天盖地的网络文本，更别说当下时兴的手机短信，可供我们阅读的东西很可能比上世纪七八十年代要多了，那时，我们选择的媒体还是电视。但是，这已是另一种阅读模式，背后隐藏的是另一种思考方式—也许甚至是一种全新的自我意识。“不仅阅读的内容塑造了我们，”塔夫茨大学的发展心理学家、《普鲁斯特与鱿鱼:阅读思维的科学与故事》的作者玛丽安娜?沃尔夫说，“阅读方式也体现了我们自身。”沃尔夫担忧，网络所倡导的将“丰富”与“时效性”置于首位的阅读方式可能已经削弱了那种深度阅读能力。深度阅读能力的形成应归功于早期印刷术的发明，有了它，长而复杂的散文作品也相当普遍了。然而，她说，当我们在线阅读时，我们往往只是“信息解码器”而已。我们对文句的设释，心无旁鹜、深度阅读时形成的丰富的精神联系，这些能力很大程度上已经消失了。

8.Reading, explains Wolf, is not an instinctive skill for human beings. It's not etched into our genes the way speech is. We have to teach our minds how to translate the symbolic characters we see into the language we understand. And the media or other technologies we use in learning and practicing the craft of reading play an important part in shaping the neural circuits inside our brains. Experiments demonstrate that readers of ideograms, such as the Chinese, develop a mental circuitry for reading that is very different from the circuitry found in those of us whose written

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