(3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i再加-es try - tries，carry - carries (4) 特殊变化的词 be (是) - am, is, are I am

she/he/it, 名词单数都用 is we, you, they, 名词复数都用are have (有) - have, has

I, we, you, they, 名词复数都用have she/he/it is, 名词单数都用 has

(5) 助动词，不论单复数、不论什么人称都没有变化，都用 can, may, must, need,

ought to 等。而且，句子中有了助动词，谓语动词就不需要有任何变化了，即用动词原形表示。如： We can see some pictures on the wall. 我们能看到墙上的画。 *一般过去时动词变化规则

1．直接加ed，如：work—— worked 如：look——looked

2．以不发音e结尾的单词，直接加d，如：live ——lived hope——hoped use——used

3．以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加ed，如：study—— studied carry——carried

worry——worried（原因字母+y结尾，直接加ed, 如：play-played） 4．以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母+ed，如：stop—— stopped

plan——planned 重读闭音节体现形式为辅-元-辅结构，例如nod,n为辅音，o为元音，d为辅音。 5. 以ic结尾的动词，要把ic变成ick再加ed，如：picnic→picnicked，traffic→trafficked

6．不规则变化的动词过去式：

have---had are---were get---got say---said feel---felt

do/does---did is---was go---went drink--drank eat--ate bring----brought think----thought buy----bought catch---- caught teach ---- taught sit----sat wear----wore cut----cut sweep----swept sleep——slept see----saw become----became *动词加ing（现在分词）的变化规则

（1）一般情况下，直接加ing，如：look - looking, climb - climbing, jump - jumping （2）以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing. 如：make - making, have - having, ride - riding,

(see的e是发音的，所以不能去掉，要直接加ing。see - seeing )

（3）如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，并处于重读音节中，双写末尾的辅

音字母，再加ing.如：run - running, swim - swimming, sit - sitting, (但是open却不属于这规则，而是直接加ing， open-opening) 注意：

（1）某些表示思想，感情，态度和状态等的动词

如:belive,think,know,understand,want,love,like,see,hear,smell,taste,等，不用现在进行时。

（2）有些动词可以用现在进行时表示将来，如：go，come，leave，stay，start，begin, arrive等，eg. She is arriving at about ten o?clock tomorrow. 她大约会在明天早上十点钟到达。

*现在完成时和一般过去时的区别

1.一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作：现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 试比较：

① Who has opened the door? 谁把门开了？（现在门还开着）

Who opened the door？ 谁开的门？ （指过去，与现在无关，现在门是关着还是开着，没有说明）

②Have you had your lunch? 你吃过午餐了吗？（即你现在不饿吗？） Yes，I have. 吃了。（即我现在饱了，不要再吃了） When did you have it? 你什么时候吃的？

（说话人感兴趣的是“吃”这一动作发生在过去的什么时候。）

2.过去时常与具体的时间状语连用: 现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。

一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week, ago, in 1980, October, just now等具体的时间状语

共有的时间状语：this morning，tonight，this April，now, once, before, already, recently, lately

现在完成时的时间状语：for，since，so far, even, never ,just, yet, till/ until, up to now, in past

years,等不确定的时间状语

【Ex】用所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. I don?t know whether Mother __________ (take) me to Beijing next month. 2. She __________ (put) on her coat and went out.

3. ---What are they doing? ---They __________ (get) ready for the sports meeting. 4. He usually __________ (do) his homework after dinner. 5. Listen! Who __________ (sing) in the next room now? 6. Mr. Yu __________ (teach) us Maths since 1992.

7. Li Ming often __________ (listen) to the radio in the morning. 8. Mike __________ (visit) several places since he came to Beijing. 9. There __________ (be) a meeting next Monday. 10. They __________ (have) an English evening last night. 11 .Listen ,the baby_________(cry).Let?s go and have a look.

12. They ___________(play) games happily on the playground. I ________(want) to join them.

13 .It __________ (rain)outside. We can?t go to have a picnic.

14.Jane _________(read) the book now. She ________ (understand) the words in it. 15.Ben _______ (think) doing sports is good for his health. Look, he _________(play) badminton there. 翻译下列句子

1. 我过了一个忙碌但却刺激的周末。

_________ _________ __________ __________but exciting weekend. 2.当我正在睡觉的时候，妈妈出去了。

When I ________ __________,my mother _________ _________ 3.我经常在周末去看望爷爷奶奶。

I ________ ________ __________ __________ at weekends. 4. 他在打扫教室的时候，发现地上有块表。

When he ______ the classroom, he ______ a watch on the ground. 5.自从2009年毕业，我已经工作5年了

I_______ _________ _______ for five years________ I graduated in 2009. 中考链接

( ) 1. The old people _________lonely at all since we began to visit them once a week. A. don?t feel B. haven?t felt C. hasn?t felt D. didn?t feel

( ) 2. ---What is the weather like this summer here? ---There _________very little rain. A. has B. has been C. are D. have been ( ) 3. ---Can you give me a hand, Robin?

---But, Helen, you _________ my help every five minutes. I __________ TV now. A. need; am watching B. need; watch C. are needing; watch D. are needing; am watching

( ) 4. ---Hi, Carol. How was your trip to Disney world?---Hi, Alice. Oh, we _________a good time there.

A. are having B. have had C. had D. have ( ) 5. Mr. Green always tells his daughter a story before she _________ to sleep.

A. will go B. went C. is going D. goes

( ) 6. My uncle went to Australia last year. We haven?t seen him _________.

A. since almost a year B. from almost a year on C. after almost a year D. since almost a year ago

( ) 7. The bus _________ suddenly when a group of students ran onto the road. A. stops B. stopped C. has stopped D. is stopping

第五讲

学习任务：掌握被动语态及非谓语动词的用法 (一) 被动语态

A. 语态：英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。

英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。