ÎïÀí»¯Ñ§ ¿Îºó´ð°¸-ÈÈÁ¦Ñ§µÚÒ»¶¨ÂÉ ÏÂÔر¾ÎÄ

p2=1.0¡Á104¡Á2¡Á8.314¡Á298/200+76121.4=323.88kPa

p2V2p?2V1?2?nRnR2p2nRT1p12p2T12?323.88kPa?298K???965.2K

nRp1200kPa3?8.314J?K?1?mol?1(965.2K?298K) 2T2??U?nCV,m(T2?T1)?1mol?=8320.65J

V2W???pdV???(1?104V?76121.4)dV

V1»ý·ÖÇó½âµÃ:W=-3242.99J

3P/103(3)Q=¡÷U-W=8320.65J-(-3242.99J)=11.56kJ

2ÉÏÊöÈýÌõ²»Í¬Í¾¾¶µÄp-VͼÈçͼËùʾ

1(1)(2)Ôò:W(2)£¼W(1)£¼W(3)

0¡÷U(2)£¼¡÷U(1)£¼¡÷U(3)

¡¾24¡¿Ä³Ò»ÈÈ»úµÄµÍÎÂÈÈԴΪ313K£¬Èô¸ßÎÂÈÈÔ´·Ö±ðΪ£º £¨1£©373K£¨ÔÚ´óÆøѹÁ¦ÏÂË®µÄ·Ðµã£©£» £¨2£©538K£¨ÊÇѹÁ¦Îª5.0¡Á106PaÏÂË®µÄ·Ðµã£©¡£ ÊÔ·Ö±ð¼ÆËãÈÈ»úµÄÀíÂÛת»»ÏµÊý.

¡¾½â¡¿£¨1£©¸ßÎÂÈÈԴΪ373Kʱ

102030V/dm3??T2?T1373K?313K??100%?16.1% T2373K£¨1£© ¸ßÎÂÈÈԴΪ538Kʱ

??T2?T1538K?313K??100%?41.8% T2538K¡¾25¡¿Ä³µç±ùÏäÄÚµÄζÈΪ273K£¬ÊÒÎÂΪ298K£¬½ñÓûʹ1kg273KµÄË®±ä³É±ù£¬ÎÊ×îÉÙÐè×ö¶àÉÙ¹¦£¿ÒÑÖª273Kʱ±ùµÄÈÚ»¯ÈÈΪ335kJ¡¤kg-1¡£ ½â: W??Q?T2?T1298K?273K ??335kJ?kg?1?T1273K=-30.68kJ

¼´»·¾³¶ÔÌåϵҪ×ö30.68kJµÄ¹¦

¡¾26¡¿ ÓÐÈçÏ·´Ó¦£¬É趼ÔÚ298KºÍ´óÆøѹÁ¦Ï½øÐУ¬Çë±È½Ï¸÷¸ö·´Ó¦µÄ¦¤UÓ릤HµÄ´óС£¬²¢ËµÃ÷Õâ²î±ðÖ÷ÒªÊÇʲôÒòËØÔì³ÉµÄ¡£

- 25 -

£¨1£©C12H22O11£¨ÕáÌÇ£©ÍêȫȼÉÕ£»

£¨2£©C10H8£¨ÝÁ£¬s£©ÍêÈ«Ñõ»¯Îª±½¶þ¼×ËáC6H4£¨COOH£©2£¨s£©£» £¨3£©ÒÒ´¼µÄÍêȫȼÉÕ£»

£¨4£©PbS(s)ÍêÈ«Ñõ»¯ÎªPbO(s)ºÍSO2£¨g£©¡£ ¡¾½â¡¿£¨1£©C12H22O11£¨ÕáÌÇ£©ÍêȫȼÉÕ£» C12H22O11£¨ÕáÌÇ£©+12O2(g)¡ú11H2O(g)+12CO2(g)

W??p?(V2?V1)???nRT??11RT??11mol?8.314J?K?1?mol?1?298K ??27.25kJ?Q?QP??cHm(C12H22O11)

??U?Q?W??cHm(C12H22O11)?11RT ??H??cHm(C12H22O11)

£¨2£©C10H8£¨ÝÁ£¬s£©ÍêÈ«Ñõ»¯Îª±½¶þ¼×ËáC6H4£¨COOH£©2£¨s£©£»

C10H18£¨s£©?4O£¨g£©?25C6H£¨COOH£©£¨s£©+3H2O(g) 424W??p?(V2?V1)???nRT??RT

?Q?QP??cHm(C10H18,s)

??U?Q?W??cHm(C12H22O11)?RT ??H??cHm(C10H18,s)

£¨3£©ÒÒ´¼µÄÍêȫȼÉÕ£»

C2H5OH£¨l£©?3O£¨g£©?2CO£¨g£©+3H2O(g) 22W??p?(V2?V1)???nRT??2RT

?Q?QP??cHm(C2H15OH,l)

??U?Q?W??cHm(C2H5OH)?2RT ??H??cHm(C2H5OH,l)

£¨4£©PbS(s)ÍêÈ«Ñõ»¯ÎªPbO(s)ºÍSO2£¨g£©¡£

- 26 -

PbS£¨s£©?3O£¨g£©?PbO£¨s£©+SO2(g) 221RT 2W??p?(V2?V1)???nRT???Q?QP??cHm(PbS,s)

??U?Q?W??cHm(PbS,s)?1RT 2??H??cHm(PbS,s)

ÓÉÉϿɼû?UºÍ?HµÄ²»Í¬Ö÷ÒªÊÇÓɸ÷×ÔµÄȼÉÕÈȲ»Í¬¶øÔì³ÉµÄ¡£

¡¾27¡¿0.500gÕý¸ýÍé·ÅÔÚµ¯ÐÎÈÈÁ¿¼ÆÖУ¬È¼ÉÕºóζÈÉý¸ß2.94K¡£ÈôÈÈÁ¿¼Æ±¾Éí¼°Æ丽¼þµÄÈÈÈÝÁ¿Îª8.177kJ¡¤K-1£¬¼ÆËã298KʱÕý¸ýÍéµÄĦ¶ûȼÉÕìÊ£¨Á¿ÈȼƵÄƽ¾ùζÈΪ298K£©¡£

½â: 0.500gÕý¸ýÍéȼÉÕºó·Å³öµÄºãÈÝÈÈЧӦΪ ?cUm?QV24.0kJ4??

W/M0.50g0/(1g0?0.mol2?1)??4818kJ?mol?1

C7H16(l)?11O2(g)?7CO2(g)?8H2O(l)

Õý¸ýÍéµÄȼÉÕìÊΪ£º

??cHm(C7H16,?)??cUm???BRT

B??4818kJ?mol?1?(7?11)?8.314?10?3kJ?K?1?mol?1?298K

??4828kJ?mol?1

¡¾28¡¿¸ù¾ÝÏÂÁз´Ó¦ÔÚ298.15KʱµÄìʱäÖµ£¬¼ÆËãAgCl(s)µÄ±ê׼Ħ¶ûÉú³ÉìÊ

??fHm(AgCl,S,298.15K)

¢ÙAg2O(s)?2HCl(g)?2AgCl(s)?H2O(l)?rHm,1(298.15K)??324.9kJ?mol

??11??1O2(g)?Ag2O(s) ?rHm (298.15K)??30.57kJ?mol,2211?¢ÛH2(g)?Cl2(g)?HCl(g) ?rHm,3(298.15K)??92.31kJ?mol?1 221?¢ÜH2(g)?O2(g)?H2O(l) ?rHm,4(298.15K)??285.841kJ?mol?1

21¡¾½â¡¿ AgCl(s)µÄ±ê׼Ħ¶ûÉú³ÉìʾÍÊÇ»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦Ag(s)?Cl2(g)?AgCl(s)µÄìʱä

2¢Ú2Ag(s)?

- 27 -

ÓÉÓÚ1/2¢Ú+¢Û-1/2¢Ü+1/2¢Ù¾ÍÊÇÒªÇóµÄ»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦Ag(s)?ËùÒԸ÷´Ó¦µÄìʱäΪ

1Cl2(g)?AgCl(s) 2111***?rHm??H??H??r?*,2rm,3rm,4m,1222

111??(?30.57)?(?92.31)??(?285.84)??(?324.9)??127.14kJ?mol?1222??fHm(AgCl,S,298.15K)??¡¾29¡¿ ÔÚ298.15K¼°100kPaѹÁ¦Ê±£¬Éè»·±ûÍ顢ʯī¼°ÇâÆøµÄȼÉÕìÊ?cHm(298.15K)·Ö±ðΪ-2092kJ¡¤mol-1¡¢-393.8kJ¡¤mol-1¼°-285.84 kJ¡¤mol-1¡£ÈôÒÑÖª±ûÏ©C3H6£¨g£©µÄ±ê׼Ħ¶ûÉú

?³ÉìÊΪ?fHm(298.15K)?20.50kJ?mol?1£¬ÊÔÇó£º

£¨1£©»·±ûÍéµÄ±ê׼Ħ¶ûÉú³ÉìÊ?fHm(298.15K)£»

?£¨2£©»·±ûÍéÒì¹¹»¯±äΪ±ûÏ©µÄĦ¶û·´Ó¦ìʱäÖµ?rHm(298.15K)¡£

?¡¾½â¡¿ (1)»·±ûÍéµÄÉú³É·´Ó¦Îª:3C(s)+3H2(g)¡úC3H6(g)

???rHm??fHm(C3H6,g,298.15K)????B?CHm(B)

B=3??c????3??c??m?H2?g?????c??m?C3H6?g?? m?C?s??=[3¡Á(-393.8)+3¡Á(-285.84)-(-2092)]kJ¡¤mol-1 =53.08kJ¡¤mol-1

(2)C3H6(g)?CH3CH=CH2(g)

???rHm??fHm(CH3CHCH2,g,298K)??fHm(C3H6,g,298.15K)

=20.5kJ¡¤mol-1-53.08kJ¡¤mol-1 =-32.58kJ¡¤mol-1

?¡¾30¡¿.¸ù¾ÝÒÔÏÂÊý¾Ý£¬¼ÆËãÒÒËáÒÒõ¥µÄ±ê׼Ħ¶ûÉú³ÉìÊ?fHm(CH3COOC2H5,l,298.15K)

CH3COOH£¨l£©+C2H5OH£¨l£©=CH3COOC2H5£¨l£©+H2O(l)

??rHm(298.15K)??9.20kJ?mol?1

?ÒÒËáºÍÒÒ´¼µÄ±ê׼Ħ¶ûȼÉÕìÊ?cHmmol-1ºÍ-1366kJ¡¤mol-1£¬(298.15K)·Ö±ðΪ£º-874.54kJ¡¤

CO2£¨g£©£¬H2O£¨l£©µÄ±ê׼Ħ¶ûÉú³ÉìÊ·Ö±ðΪ£º-393.51kJ¡¤mol-1ºÍ-285.83kJ¡¤mol-1¡£ ¡¾½â¡¿ ÒÒËáÒÒõ¥µÄÉú³É·´Ó¦Îª£º

?4C(s)+O2(g)+4H2(g)¡úCH3COOC2H5£¨l£© ?rHm??fHm(CH3COOC2H5,l,298.15K)

- 28 -