´óÆøÎÛȾ¿ØÖƹ¤³Ì
¿Îºó´ð°¸
µÚÒ»Õ ¸Å ÂÛ
1.1 ½â£º°´1mol¸É¿ÕÆø¼ÆË㣬¿ÕÆøÖи÷×é·ÖĦ¶û±È¼´Ìå»ý±È£¬¹ÊnN2=0.781mol£¬nO2=0.209mol£¬nAr=0.00934mol£¬nCO2=0.00033mol¡£ÖÊÁ¿°Ù·ÖÊýΪ
N2%?0.781?28.010.209?32.00?100%?75.51%£¬O2%??100%?23.08%£»
28.97?128.97?10.00934?39.940.00033?44.01Ar%??100%?1.29%£¬CO2%??100%?0.05%¡£
28.97?128.97?13
3
3
3
1.2 ½â£ºÓÉÎÒ¹ú¡¶»·¾³¿ÕÆøÖÊÁ¿±ê×¼¡·¶þ¼¶±ê×¼²éµÃÈýÖÖÎÛȾÎïÈÕÆ½¾ùŨ¶ÈÏÞÖµÈçÏ£º
SO2£º0.15mg/m£¬NO2£º0.12mg/m£¬CO£º4.00mg/m¡£°´±ê׼״̬ÏÂ1m¸É¿ÕÆø¼ÆË㣬ÆäĦ¶ûÊýΪ
1?103?44.643mol¡£¹ÊÈýÖÖÎÛȾÎïÌå»ý°Ù·ÖÊý·Ö±ðΪ£º
22.40.15?10?30.12?10?3?0.052ppm£¬NO£º?0.058ppm SO£º
64?44.64346?44.6432
2
4.00?10?3?3.20ppm¡£ CO£º
28?44.6431.3½â£º1£©?£¨g/m
3N
1.50?10?4?1543?1.031g/mN£©? ?322.4?10 c£¨mol/mN
3
1.50?10?4?33?6.70?10mol/m£©?¡£ N?322.4?10£3
£6
2£©Ã¿ÌìÁ÷¾¹ÜµÀµÄCCl4ÖÊÁ¿Îª1.031¡Á10¡Á3600¡Á24¡Á10kg=891kg 1.4 ½â£ºÃ¿Ð¡Ê±³Á»ýÁ¿200¡Á£¨500¡Á15¡Á60¡Á10£©¡Á0.12?g=10.8?g 1.5¡£½â£ºÓÉ¡¶´óÆøÎÛȾ¿ØÖƹ¤³Ì¡·P14 £¨1£1£©£¬È¡M=210
p?COHb2.2?10?4?M?210??0.2369£¬ ?2O2HbpO219.5?10COHb±¥ºÍ¶È?CO?COHb/O2HbCOHb0.2369???19.15%
COHb?O2Hb1?COHb/O2Hb1?0.23694800?20?960mL¡£²»Í¬CO°Ù·Öº¬Á¿¶ÔÓ¦COµÄÁ¿Îª£º
100960960?2%?19.59mL£¬7%£º?7%?72.26mL 2%£º
98?r.26?172.0min£» 1£©×î³õCOˮƽΪ0%ʱ t??434.2?10?101.6½â£ºº¬Ñõ×ÜÁ¿Îª
2£©×î³õCOˮƽΪ2%ʱ t?72.26?19.59?125.4min
4.2?10?4?1031.7 ½â£ºÓÉ¡¶´óÆøÎÛȾ¿ØÖƹ¤³Ì¡·P18 £¨1£2£©£¬×î´óÄܼû¶ÈΪ
Lv?2.6?pdpK??2.6?1400?1.4?11581.8m¡£
2.2?0.2µÚ¶þÕ ȼÉÕÓë´óÆøÎÛȾ
2.1 ½â£º1kgȼÓͺ¬£º
ÖØÁ¿£¨g£© Ħ¶ûÊý£¨g£© ÐèÑõÊý£¨g£©
C 855 H
71.25 71.25
113£2.5 55.25 27.625
S 10 0.3125 0.3125 H2O 22.5 1.25 0 NÔªËØºöÂÔ¡£
1£©ÀíÂÛÐèÑõÁ¿ 71.25+27.625+0.3125=99.1875mol/kg
Éè¸É¿ÕÆøO2£ºN2Ìå»ý±ÈΪ1£º3.78£¬ÔòÀíÂÛ¿ÕÆøÁ¿99.1875¡Á4.78=474.12mol/kgÖØÓÍ¡£¼´474.12¡Á22.4/1000=10.62mN/kgÖØÓÍ¡£
ÑÌÆø×é³ÉΪCO271.25mol£¬H2O 55.25+1.25=56.50mol£¬SO20.1325mol£¬N23.78¡Á99.1875=374.93mol¡£ ÀíÂÛÑÌÆøÁ¿ 71.25+56.50+0.3125+374.93=502.99mol/kgÖØÓÍ¡£¼´502.99¡Á22.4/1000=11.27 mN/kgÖØÓÍ¡£ 2£©¸ÉÑÌÆøÁ¿Îª502.99£56.50=446.49mol/kgÖØÓÍ¡£
3
3
0.3125?100%?0.07%£¬
446.4971.25?100%?15.96%¡£ ¿ÕÆøÈ¼ÉÕʱCO´æÔÚ×î´óŨ¶È
446.49SO2°Ù·Ö±ÈŨ¶ÈΪ
2
3£©¹ýÊ£¿ÕÆøÎª10%ʱ£¬ËùÐè¿ÕÆøÁ¿Îª1.1¡Á10.62=11.68mN/kgÖØÓÍ£¬
²úÉúÑÌÆøÁ¿Îª11.267+0.1¡Á10.62=12.33 mN/kgÖØÓÍ¡£ 2.2 ½â£ºÏà¶ÔÓÚÌ¼ÔªËØ×÷ÈçϼÆË㣺
%£¨ÖÊÁ¿£© mol/100gú mol/mol̼ C 65.7 5.475 1 H 3.2 3.2 0.584 S 1.7 0.053 0.010 O 2.3 0.072 0.013 »Ò·Ö 18.1 3.306g/mol̼ Ë®·Ö 9.0 1.644g/mol̼ ¹ÊúµÄ×é³ÉΪCH0.584S0.010O0.013£¬ ȼÁϵÄĦ¶ûÖÊÁ¿£¨°üÀ¨»Ò·ÖºÍË®·Ö£©Îª
3
3
100?18.26g/molC¡£È¼ÉÕ·½³ÌʽΪ
5.475CH0.584S0.010O0.013?n(O2?3.78N2)?CO2?0.292H2O?0.010SO2?3.78nN2
n=1+0.584/4+0.010£0.013/2=1.1495 1£©ÀíÂÛ¿ÕÆøÁ¿
1.1495?(1?3.78)?1000?22.4?10?3m3/kg?6.74m3/kg£»
18.26
SO2ÔÚʪÑÌÆøÖеÄŨ¶ÈΪ
0.0101.6441?0.292?0.010?3.78?1.1495?181000?80%?144.8g/kg 100?100%?0.174%
2£©²úÉú»Ò·ÖµÄÁ¿Îª18.1? ÑÌÆøÁ¿£¨1+0.292+0.010+3.78¡Á1.1495+1.644/18£©¡Á1000/18.26¡Á22.4¡Á10=6.826m/kg
£33
144.8?103mg/m=2.12¡Á10mg/m
6.8261000?1.7%?1.7?4032.003£©Ðèʯ»Òʯ?103.21kg/tú
35%»Ò·ÖŨ¶ÈΪ
3
4
3
2.3 úµÄÔªËØ·ÖÎö½á¹ûÈçÏÂS0.6%£»H3.7%£»C79.5%£»N0.9%£»O4.7%£»»Ò·Ö10.6%¡£ÔÚ¿ÕÆø¹ýÊ£20%Ìõ¼þÏÂÍêȫȼÉÕ¡£¼ÆËãÑÌÆøÖÐSO2µÄŨ¶È¡£ ½â£º°´È¼ÉÕ1kgú¼ÆËã
ÖØÁ¿£¨g£© Ħ¶ûÊý£¨mol£© ÐèÑõÊý£¨mol£© C 795 66.25 66.25 H 31.125 15.5625 7.78 S 6 0.1875 0.1875 H2O 52.875 2.94 0 Éè¸É¿ÕÆøÖÐN2£ºO2Ìå»ý±ÈΪ3.78£º1£¬
ËùÐèÀíÂÛ¿ÕÆøÁ¿Îª4.78¡Á£¨66.25+7.78+0.1875£©=354.76mol/kgú¡£ ÀíÂÛÑÌÆøÁ¿CO2 66.25mol£¬SO2 0.1875mol£¬H2O 15.5625+2.94=18.50mol N2
3.78?354.76?280.54mol4.78
×ܼÆ66.25+`8.50+0.1875+280.54=365.48mol/kgú
ʵ¼ÊÑÌÆøÁ¿365.48+0.2¡Á354.76=436.43mol/kgú£¬SO2Ũ¶ÈΪ
0.1875?100%?0.043%¡£
436.432.4 ij¹øÂ¯È¼ÓÃÃºÆøµÄ³É·ÖÈçÏ£ºH2S0.2%£»CO25%£»O20.2%£»CO28.5%£»H213.0%£»CH40.7%£»N252.4%£»¿ÕÆøº¬ÊªÁ¿Îª12g/mN£¬?3
?1.2£¬ÊÔÇóʵ¼ÊÐèÒªµÄ¿ÕÆøÁ¿ºÍȼÉÕʱ²úÉúµÄʵ¼ÊÑÌÆøÁ¿¡£
½â£ºÈ¡1molÃºÆø¼ÆËã
H2S 0.002mol ºÄÑõÁ¿ 0.003mol CO2 0.05mol 0 CO 0.285mol 0.143mol H2 £¨0.13-0.004£©mol 0.063mol CH4 0.007mol 0.014mol
¹²ÐèO2 0.003+0.143+0.063+0.014=0.223mol¡£Éè¸É¿ÕÆøÖÐN2£ºO2Ìå»ý±ÈΪ3.78£º1£¬ÔòÀíÂÛ¸É¿ÕÆøÁ¿Îª0.223¡Á£¨3.78+1£©=1.066mol¡£È¡?3
?1.2£¬Ôòʵ¼Ê¸É¿ÕÆø 1.2¡Á1.066mol=1.279mol¡£
3
3
¿ÕÆøº¬ÊªÁ¿Îª12g/mN£¬¼´º¬H2O0.67mol/ mN£¬14.94L/ mN¡£¹ÊH2OÌå»ý·ÖÊýΪ1.493%¡£¹Êʵ¼Ê¿ÕÆøÁ¿Îª
1.279?1.298mol1?1.493%¡£
ÑÌÆøÁ¿SO2£º0.002mol£¬CO2£º0.285+0.007+0.05=0.342mol£¬N2£º0.223¡Á3.78+0.524=1.367mol£¬H2O0.002+0.126+0.014+1.298¡Á1.493%+0.004=0.201mol ¹Êʵ¼ÊÑÌÆøÁ¿ 0.002+0.342+1.367+0.201+0.2¡Á1.066=2.125mol
2.5 ¸ÉÑ̵ÀÆøµÄ×é³ÉΪ£ºCO211%£¨Ìå»ý£©£¬O28%£¬CO2%£¬SO2120¡Á10£¨Ìå»ý·ÖÊý£©£¬¿ÅÁ£Îï30.0g/m£¨Ôڲⶨ״̬Ï£©£¬Ñ̵ÀÆøÁ÷Á÷Á¿ÔÚ700mmHgºÍ443KÌõ¼þÏÂΪ5663.37m/min£¬Ë®Æøº¬Á¿8%£¨Ìå»ý£©¡£
ÊÔ¼ÆË㣺1£©¹ýÁ¿¿ÕÆø°Ù·Ö±È£»2£©SO2µÄÅÅ·ÅŨ¶È£¨?g/m£©£»3£©ÔÚ±ê׼״̬Ï£¨1atmºÍ273K£©£¬¸ÉÑ̵ÀÌå»ý£»4£©ÔÚ±ê׼״̬Ï¿ÅÁ£ÎïµÄŨ¶È¡£ ½â£º1£©N2%=1£11%£8%£2%£0.012%=78.99% ÓÉ¡¶´óÆøÎÛȾ¿ØÖƹ¤³Ì¡·P46 £¨2£11£© ¿ÕÆø¹ýÊ£
33£6
3
8?0.5?2?100%?50.5%
0.264?78.99?(8?0.5?2)2£©Ôڲⶨ״̬Ï£¬ÆøÌåµÄĦ¶ûÌå»ýΪ
V2?3
P1V1T2101325?22.4?443???39.46L/mol£» T1P2273?700?133.322£6
3
È¡1mÑÌÆø½øÐмÆË㣬ÔòSO2120¡Á10m£¬ÅÅ·ÅŨ¶ÈΪ
120?10?6?(1?8%)?64?0.179g/m3¡£ ?339.46?1022.43?(1?8%)?2957mN/min¡£
39.4639.463?52.85g/mN4£©30.0?¡£
22.43£©5663.37?2.6 ú̿µÄÔªËØ·ÖÎö°´ÖØÁ¿°Ù·Ö±È±íʾ£¬½á¹ûÈçÏ£ºÇâ5.0%£»Ì¼75.8%£»µª1.5%£»Áò1.6%£»Ñõ7.4%£»»Ò8.7%£¬È¼ÉÕÌõ¼þΪ¿ÕÆø¹ýÁ¿20%£¬¿ÕÆøµÄʪ¶ÈΪ0.0116molH2O/mol¸É¿ÕÆø£¬²¢¼Ù¶¨ÍêȫȼÉÕ£¬ÊÔ¼ÆËãÑÌÆøµÄ×é³É¡£
½â£º°´1kgú½øÐмÆËã
ÖØÁ¿£¨g£© Ħ¶ûÊý£¨mol£© ÐèÑõÊý£¨mol£© C 758 63.17 63.17 H 40.75 20.375 10.19 S 16 0.5 0.5 H2O 83.25 4.625 0 ÐèÑõ63.17+10.19+0.5=73.86mol
Éè¸É¿ÕÆøÖÐN2£ºO2Ìå»ý±ÈΪ3.78£º1£¬Ôò¸É¿ÕÆøÁ¿Îª73.86¡Á4.78¡Á1.2=423.66mol£¬ º¬Ë®423.66¡Á0.0116=4.91mol¡£
ÑÌÆøÖУºCO2 63.17mol£»SO2 0.5mol£»H2O 4.91+4.625+20.375=29.91mol£»
N2£º73.86¡Á3.78=279.19mol£»¹ýÊ£¸É¿ÕÆø0.2¡Á73.86¡Á4.78=70.61mol¡£
ʵ¼ÊÑÌÆøÁ¿Îª63.17+0.5+29.91+279.19+70.61=443.38mol ÆäÖÐCO2
63.170.5?100%?14.25%£»SO ?100%?0.11%£»
443.38443.3829.91279.19?0.79?70.61HO ?100%?6.74%£» N?100%?75.55%¡£
443.38443.3870.61?0.209O?100%?3.33%¡£
443.382
2
2
2