¡¶ÐÅÏ¢°²È«Ô­ÀíÓë¼¼Êõ¡·£¨µÚ2°æ£©Ï°Ìâ´ð°¸ ÏÂÔر¾ÎÄ

¡¶ÐÅÏ¢°²È«Ô­ÀíÓë¼¼Êõ¡·Ï°Ìâ²Î¿¼´ð°¸

¹ùÑǾü£¬Ëν¨»ª£¬ÀîÀò£¬¶­»Û»Û

Ç廪´óѧ³ö°æÉç

µÚ1ÕÂ

1.1 Ö÷¶¯¹¥»÷ºÍ±»¶¯¹¥»÷ÊÇÇø±ðÊÇʲô£¿

´ð£º±»¶¯¹¥»÷ʱϵͳµÄ²Ù×÷ºÍ״̬²»»á¸Ä±ä£¬Òò´Ë±»¶¯¹¥»÷Ö÷ÒªÍþвÐÅÏ¢µÄ±£ÃÜÐÔ¡£Ö÷¶¯¹¥»÷ÔòÒâÔڴ۸ĻòÕßαÔìÐÅÏ¢¡¢Ò²¿ÉÒÔÊǸıäϵͳµÄ״̬ºÍ²Ù×÷£¬Òò´ËÖ÷¶¯¹¥»÷Ö÷ÒªÍþвÐÅÏ¢µÄÍêÕûÐÔ¡¢¿ÉÓÃÐÔºÍÕæʵÐÔ¡£

1.2 ÁгöһЩÖ÷¶¯¹¥»÷ºÍ±»¶¯¹¥»÷µÄÀý×Ó¡£

´ð£º³£¼ûµÄÖ÷¶¯¹¥»÷£ºÖØ·Å¡¢¾Ü¾ø·þÎñ¡¢´Û¸Ä¡¢Î±×°µÈµÈ¡£ ³£¼ûµÄ±»¶¯¹¥»÷£ºÏûÏ¢ÄÚÈݵÄй©¡¢Á÷Á¿·ÖÎöµÈµÈ¡£

1.3 Áгö²¢¼òµ¥¶¨Ò尲ȫ»úÖƵÄÖÖÀà¡£

´ð£º°²È«»úÖÆÊÇ×èÖ¹°²È«¹¥»÷¼°»Ö¸´ÏµÍ³µÄ»úÖÆ£¬³£¼ûµÄ°²È«»úÖÆ°üÀ¨£º

¼ÓÃÜ»úÖÆ£º¼ÓÃÜÊÇÌṩÊý¾Ý±£»¤×î³£Óõķ½·¨£¬¼ÓÃÜÄܹ»ÌṩÊý¾ÝµÄ±£ÃÜÐÔ£¬²¢ÄܶÔÆäËû°²È«»úÖÆÆð×÷Óûò¶ÔËüÃǽøÐв¹³ä¡£

Êý×ÖÇ©Ãû»úÖÆ£ºÊý×ÖÇ©ÃûÖ÷ÒªÓÃÀ´½â¾öͨÐÅË«·½·¢Éú·ñÈÏ¡¢Î±Ôì¡¢´Û¸ÄºÍð³äµÈÎÊÌâ¡£ ·ÃÎÊ¿ØÖÆ»úÖÆ£º·ÃÎÊ¿ØÖÆ»úÖÆÊÇ°´ÕÕÊÂÏÈÖƶ¨µÄ¹æÔòÈ·¶¨Ö÷Ìå¶Ô¿ÍÌåµÄ·ÃÎÊÊÇ·ñºÏ·¨£¬·Àֹδ¾­ÊÚȨµÄÓû§·Ç·¨·ÃÎÊϵͳ×ÊÔ´¡£

Êý¾ÝÍêÕûÐÔ»úÖÆ£ºÓÃÓÚ±£Ö¤Êý¾Ýµ¥ÔªÍêÕûÐԵĸ÷ÖÖ»úÖÆ¡£ ÈÏÖ¤½»»»»úÖÆ£ºÒÔ½»»»ÐÅÏ¢µÄ·½Ê½À´È·È϶Է½Éí·ÝµÄ»úÖÆ¡£

Á÷Á¿Ìî³ä»úÖÆ£ºÖ¸ÔÚÊý¾ÝÁ÷ÖÐÌî³äһЩ¶îÍâÊý¾Ý£¬ÓÃÓÚ·ÀÖ¹Á÷Á¿·ÖÎöµÄ»úÖÆ¡£ ·ÓÉ¿ØÖÆ»úÖÆ£º·¢ËÍÐÅÏ¢Õß¿ÉÒÔÑ¡ÔñÌØÊⰲȫµÄÏß··¢ËÍÐÅÏ¢¡£

¹«Ö¤»úÖÆ£ºÔÚÁ½¸ö»ò¶à¸öʵÌå¼ä½øÐÐͨÐÅʱ£¬Êý¾ÝµÄÍêÕûÐÔ¡¢À´Ô´¡¢Ê±¼äºÍÄ¿µÄµØµÈÄÚÈݶ¼Óɹ«Ö¤»úÖÆÀ´±£Ö¤¡£

1.4 °²È«·þÎñÄ£ÐÍÖ÷ÒªÓɼ¸¸ö²¿·Ö×é³É£¬ËüÃÇÖ®¼ä´æÔÚʲô¹Øϵ¡£ ´ð£º°²È«·þÎñÊǼÓÇ¿Êý¾Ý´¦ÀíϵͳºÍÐÅÏ¢´«ÊäµÄ°²È«ÐÔµÄÒ»ÖÖ·þÎñ£¬ÊÇÖ¸ÐÅϢϵͳΪÆäÓ¦ÓÃÌṩµÄijЩ¹¦ÄÜ»òÕ߸¨ÖúÒµÎñ¡£°²È«·þÎñÄ£ÐÍÖ÷ÒªÓÉÈý¸ö²¿·Ö×é³É£ºÖ§³Å·þÎñ£¬Ô¤·À·þÎñºÍ»Ö¸´Ïà¹ØµÄ·þÎñ¡£

Ö§³Å·þÎñÊÇÆäËû·þÎñµÄ»ù´¡£¬Ô¤·À·þÎñÄܹ»×èÖ¹°²È«Â©¶´µÄ·¢Éú£¬¼ì²âÓë»Ö¸´·þÎñÖ÷ÒªÊǹØÓÚ°²È«Â©¶´µÄ¼ì²â£¬ÒÔ¼°²ÉÈ¡Ðж¯»Ö¸´»òÕß½µµÍÕâЩ°²È«Â©¶´²úÉúµÄÓ°Ïì¡£

1.5 ˵Ã÷°²È«Ä¿±ê¡¢°²È«ÒªÇó¡¢°²È«·þÎñÒÔ¼°°²È«»úÖÆÖ®¼äµÄ¹Øϵ¡£

´ð£º¼ûͼ1.4£¬È«²¿°²È«ÐèÇóµÄʵÏÖ²ÅÄÜ´ïµ½°²È«Ä¿±ê£¬°²È«ÐèÇóºÍ°²È«·þÎñÊǶà¶Ô¶àµÄ¹Øϵ£¬²»Í¬µÄ°²È«·þÎñµÄÁªºÏÄܹ»ÊµÏÖ²»Í¬µÄ°²È«ÐèÇó£¬Ò»¸ö°²È«·þÎñ¿ÉÄÜÊǶà¸ö°²È«ÐèÇóµÄ×é³ÉÒªËØ¡£Í¬Ñù£¬°²È«»úÖƺͰ²È«·þÎñÒ²ÊǶà¶Ô¶àµÄ¹Øϵ£¬²»Í¬µÄ°²È«»úÖÆÁªºÏÄܹ»Íê³É²»Í¬µÄ°²È«·þÎñ£¬Ò»¸ö°²È«»úÖÆÒ²¿ÉÄÜÊǶà¸ö°²È«·þÎñµÄ¹¹³ÉÒªËØ¡£

1.6 ˵Ã÷ÔÚÍøÂ簲ȫģÐÍÖпÉÐŵĵÚÈý·½ËùÆðµÄ×÷Óá£

´ð£ºÒª±£Ö¤ÍøÂçÉÏÐÅÏ¢µÄ°²È«´«Ê䣬³£³£ÒÀÀµ¿ÉÐŵĵÚÈý·½£¬ÈçµÚÈý·½¸ºÔð½«ÃØÃÜÐÅÏ¢·ÖÅä¸øͨÐÅË«·½£¬»òÕßµ±Í¨ÐŵÄË«·½¾Í¹ØÓÚÐÅÏ¢´«ÊäµÄÕæʵÐÔ·¢ÉúÕùִʱ£¬ÓɵÚÈý·½À´Öٲá£

1

µÚ2ÕÂ

2.1¡¢ÁгöСÓÚ30µÄËØÊý¡£

2¡¢3¡¢5¡¢7¡¢11¡¢13¡¢17¡¢19¡¢23¡¢29

2.2¡¢ÈôaÊÇ´óÓÚ1µÄÕûÊý, ÔòaµÄ´óÓÚ1µÄ×îСÒò×ÓÒ»¶¨ÊÇËØÊý¡£

Ö¤Ã÷ ÈôaÊÇËØÊý, ÏÔÈ»aµÄ´óÓÚ1µÄ×îСÒò×Ó¾ÍÊÇËØÊýa; ÈôaÊǺÏÊý, ÔòÏÔÈ»³ý1ºÍa

Í⻹ÓÐÆäËüµÄÒòÊý£¬ÁîbÊÇÕâЩÕýÒòÊýÖÐ×îСÕß, ¿ÉÒÔÖ¤Ã÷b²»ÊǺÏÊý¶øÊÇËØÊý, ÈôÆ䲻Ȼ, b±ØÓдóÓÚ1ÇÒ²»µÈÓÚbµÄÒòÊýc, ÓÚÊÇÓÉc|bºÍb|c¿ÉÖªc|a, ¼´cÊÇaµÄÒòÊý,ÓÖÓÐ1

2.3¡¢Èç¹ûn|(a-b), Ö¤Ã÷a¡Ôb mod n

Ö¤Ã÷£ºÓÉn|(a-b)¿ÉÖª´æÔÚÕýÕûÊýk,ʹµÃa=kn+b,ÆäÖÐbÊÇ1µ½n-1Ö®¼äµÄÕýÕûÊý£¬ËùÒÔÓÐ a mod n=b, b mod n=b,¿ÉÖªa,bͬÓ࣬¼´a?b mod n

2.4¡¢Ö¤Ã÷ÏÂÃæµÈʽ

(1) (a+b) mod m = ((a mod m) + (b mod m)) mod m

Ö¤Ã÷£º¼ÙÉèamodm?ra,bmodm?rb,ÔòµÃa?jm?ra,j?Z.ͬÑù£¬¼Ù¶¨b?km?rb,k?Z,ÓÚÊÇÓÐ(a?b)modm?(jm?ra?km?rb)modm?(ra?rb)modm?[(amodm)?(bmodm)]modm,µÃÖ¤¡£ (2) (a-b) mod m = ((a mod m) - (b mod m)) mod m

Ö¤Ã÷£º¼ÙÉèamodm?ra,bmodm?rb,ÔòµÃa?jm?ra,j?Z.ͬÑù£¬¼Ù¶¨b?km?rb,k?Z,ÓÚÊÇÓÐ(a?b)modm?(jm?ra?km?rb)modm?(ra?rb)modm?[(amodm)?(bmodm)]modm,µÃÖ¤¡£ (3) (a¡Áb) mod m = ((a mod m) ¡Á (b mod m)) mod m

Ö¤Ã÷£º¼ÙÉèamodm?ra,bmodm?rb,ÔòµÃa?jm?ra,j?Z.ͬÑù£¬¼Ù¶¨b?km?rb,k?Z,ÓÚÊÇÓÐ(a?b)modm?(jm?ra)(km?rb)modm?(rarb?rbjm?rakm?kjm2)modm?(ra?rb)modm?[(amodm)?(bmodm)]modm,µÃÖ¤¡£ (4) (a¡Á(b+c) ) mod m = ((a¡Áb) mod m) + ((a¡Ác) mod m)) mod m

Ö¤Ã÷£ºÓÉ?1?ºÍ?3a(?b(?c))momd??¿ÉÖª£¬?((a(?b)momd?)a(?(c)mmoda(?(b?)a?(c))mmod

)µÃÖ¤¡£)mmod.

2.5¡¢Ö¤Ã÷560-1ÊÇ56µÄ±¶Êý¡£

2

Ö¤Ã÷£ºÓÉÓÚ53?13mod56,56mod56?(53?53)mod56?(13?13)mod56?1mod56,¶ÔͬÓàʽÁ½±ßͬʱÉýµ½10´ÎÃÝ£¬¼´ÄÇô10×é???????????????????606665mod56?(5mod56)?(5mod56)?......(5mod56)mod56??????????????????(1mod56)?(1mod56)?......(1mod56)mod56?1mod56,ËùÒÔ560mod56?1mod56,´Ó¶ø¿ÉÒÔд³É560?1mod56»ò56|560?1¡£ËùÒÔ560?1ÊÇ56µÄ±¶Êý¡£

2.6¡¢¶ÔÓÚÕûÊý39ºÍ63£¬»Ø´ðÏÂÃæÎÊÌâ (1) ËüÃÇÊÇ·ñ»¥ËØ£»

½â£ºÓÉÓÚgcd(39,63)=3,ËùÒÔËûÃDz»»¥ËØ¡£ (2) ÓÃÅ·¼¸ÀïµÂËã·¨ÇóËüÃǵÄ×î´ó¹«Òò×Ó£» ½â£ºÓÃÅ·¼¸ÀïµÂËã·¨µÄ¼ÆËã¹ý³ÌÈçÏ£º

10×é

63?1?39?2439?1?24?1524?1?15?9 15?1?9?69?1?6?36?2?3?0ËùÒÔ39ºÍ63µÄ×î´ó¹«Òò×ÓÊÇ3. (3) 25-1 ¡Ô x mod 15ÊÇ·ñÓн⡣

½â£ºÓÉÅ·¼¸ÀïµÂËã·¨ÓУº25?1?15?10?10?5 15?110?2?5?¿ÉÖª0,ºÍ25µÄ×î´ó¹«Òò×ÓÊÇ15£¬¼´5gcd(25,15)?=5ËùÒÔ²»»¥ËØ1.-1ÄÇô25?xmod1Î޽⡣5

2.7¡¢ÓÃÅ·¼¸ÀïµÂËã·¨Çógcd (1997, 57)ºÍ gcd(24140, 16762)

3

½â£º¶Ô1997ºÍ57ÔËÓÃÅ·¼¸ÀïµÂËã·¨µÄ¹ý³ÌÈçÏ£º1997?35?57?257?28?2?12?2?1?0,ËùÒÔgcd(1997,57)?1ͬÀí£¬¶Ô24140ºÍ16762ÔËÓÃÅ·¼¸ÀïµÂËã·¨µÄ¹ý³ÌÈçÏ£º

24140?1?16762?737816762?2?7378?20067378?3?2006?13602006?1?1360?6461360?2?646?68646?9?68?3468?2?34?0£¬ËùÒÔgcd(24140,16762)?34

2.8¡¢ÓÃÀ©Õ¹Å·¼¸ÀïµÂËã·¨ÇóÏÂÁг˷¨ÄæÔª (1) 1234 mod 4321

ÓÃÀ©Õ¹Å·¼¸ÀïµÂËã·¨µÄ¼ÆËã¹ý³ÌÈçÏ£º Ñ­»·´ÎÊý ³õʼֵ 1 2 3 4 5 Q --- 3 1 1 153 1 X1 1 0 1 -1 2 -307 X2 0 1 -3 4 -7 1075 X3 4321 1234 619 615 4 3 Y1(T1) 0 1 -1 2 -307 309 Y2(T2) 1 -3 4 -7 1075 -1082 Y3(T3) 1234 619 615 4 3 1 ?1082?3239mod4321,ËùÒÔÄæÔªÊÇ3239

(2) 24140 mod 40902

ÓÃÀ©Õ¹Å·¼¸ÀïµÂËã·¨µÄ¼ÆËã¹ý³ÌÈçÏ£º Ñ­»·´ÎÊý ³õʼֵ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Q --- 1 1 2 3 1 2 9 2 X1 1 0 1 -1 3 -10 13 -36 326 X2 0 1 -1 2 -5 14 -19 52 -487 X3 40902 24140 16762 7378 2006 1360 646 68 34 Y1(T1) 0 1 -1 3 -10 13 -36 326 -688 Y2(T2) 1 -1 2 -5 14 -19 52 -487 1026 Y3(T3) 24140 16762 7378 2006 1360 646 68 34 0 ¸ù¾ÝÀ©Õ¹Å·¼¸ÀïµÂË㷨ûÓÐÄæÔª¡£ £¨3£©550 mod 1769

½â£º¼ÆËã¹ý³ÌÈçϱíËùʾ£º Ñ­»·´ÎÊý ³õʼֵ

Q -- X1 1 X2 0 X3 1769 Y1(T1) 0 Y2(T2) 1 Y3(T3) 550 4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3 4 1 1 1 1 1 4 0 1 -4 5 -9 14 -23 37 1 -3 13 -16 29 -45 74 -119 550 119 74 45 29 16 13 3 1 -4 5 -9 14 -23 37 -171 -3 13 -16 29 -45 74 -119 550 119 74 45 29 16 13 3 1 ¸ù¾ÝÀ©Õ¹Å·¼¸ÀïµÂËã·¨ÄæÔªÊÇ550

2.9¡¢ÓÿìËÙÖ¸ÊýÄ£ÔËËã·½·¨¼ÆËã200837 mod 77ºÍ319971 mod 77

½â£ºÓÉÓÚgcd(2008,77)?1,ÇÒ77?7?11£¬?(7)?6,?(11)?10,[?(7),?(11)]?3037?7mod30,ÓÉÅ·À­¶¨Àí¿ÉÖª200837?20087mod77£¬ÉèaΪָÊý£¬¼ÆËã¹ý³ÌÈçÏ£ºa?6ʱ£¬2008?6mod77a?3ʱ£¬20082?36mod77a?2ʱ£¬6?36?216?62mod77a?1ʱ£¬362?64mod77a?0ʱ£¬64?62?3968?41mod77£¬ËùÒÔ200837?20087mod77?41mod77½â£ºÓÉÓÚgcd(3,77)?1,ÇÒ77?7?11£¬?(7)?6,?(11)?10,[?(7),?(11)]?3019971?21mod30,ÓÉÅ·À­¶¨ÀíÖª319971?321mod77£¬ÓÉ21??10101?2µÃ32?9£¬ 31?90?3(mod77)9?4,3?4?12(mod77)42?16£¬12?160?12(mod77)162?25,12?251?69(mod77).¼´319971?69mod77

2.10¡¢Ó÷ÑÂí¶¨ÀíÇó3201 (mod 11)

21

½â£ºÓÉÓÚgcd(3,11)?1,ÄÇôÓÉ·ÑÂí¶¨ÀíµÃ310=311-1?1mod11,ÄÇô3201?3?3200mod11?3?(310mod11)?(310mod11)?........(310mod11)mod11

???????????????????¹²20¸ö?3mod11?3

2.11¡¢¼ÆËãÏÂÃæÅ·À­º¯Êý£»

(1) ?(41) ¡¢?(27)¡¢?(231) ¡¢?(440)

½â£º£¨?41£©=41-1=40?(27)=?(33)=33?32?18

?(231)??(3?7?11)??(3)??(7)??(11)?(3?1)?(7?1)?(11?1)?120?(440)??(23?5?11)?(23?22)?(5?1)?(11?1)?160

5

(2) ¦Õ(2)¦Õ(6)ºÍ¦Õ(3)¦Õ(4)£¬ÄÄÒ»¸öµÈÓÚ¦Õ(12)¡£

½â£º?(2)?(6)??(2)??(2)??(3)?1?1?2?2?(3)?(4)??(3)?(22)?2?(22?2)?4?(12)??(3?2)??(3)?(2)?2?(2?2)?4ÏÔÈ»?(3)?(4)??(12)222

2.12¡¢Çó½âÏÂÁÐÒ»´ÎͬÓà·½³Ì (1)3x¡Ô10(mod 29)

½â ÒòΪ(3£¬29)£½1£¬ËùÒÔ·½³ÌÓÐΩһ½â¡£ÀûÓÃշתÏà³ý·¨ÇóµÃʹ3x£«29y£½1³ÉÁ¢µÄx¡¢yΪx£½10£¬y£½£­1¡£ÓÚÊÇ3¡¤10£«29¡¤(£­1)£½1£¬3¡¤100£«29¡¤(£­10)£½10£¬ËùÒÔx¡Ô100¡Ô13(mod 29)¡£ (2)40x¡Ô191(mod 6191)

½â ÒòΪ(40£¬6191)£½1£¬ËùÒÔ·½³ÌÓÐΩһ½â¡£ÀûÓÃշתÏà³ý·¨ÇóµÃʹ40x£«6191y£½1³ÉÁ¢µÄx¡¢yΪx£½1393£¬y£½£­9¡£ÓÚÊÇ40¡¤1393£«6191¡¤(£­9)£½1£¬40¡¤1393¡¤191£«6191¡¤(£­9¡¤191)£½191£¬ËùÒÔx¡Ô1393¡¤191¡Ô6041(mod 6191) (3)258x¡Ô131(mod 348)

½â ÒòΪ(258£¬ 348)£½6£¬¶ø6 131£¬ËùÒÔ·½³ÌÎ޽⡣

2.13¡¢Ö¤Ã÷ÏÂÃæ½áÂÛ

Éèa¡¢b¡¢c¡¢dΪÕûÊý£¬mΪÕýÕûÊý£¬Èôa¡Ôb(mod m)£¬c¡Ôd(mod m)£¬Ôò£º (1)ax£«cy¡Ôbx£«dy(mod m)£¬x¡¢yΪÈÎÒâÕûÊý£» (2)ac¡Ôbd(mod m)£»

(3)an¡Ôbn(mod m)£¬n£¾0£»

(4)f(a)¡Ôf(b)(mod m)£¬f(x)ΪÈÎÒ»ÕûϵÊý¶àÏîʽ¡£

Ö¤Ã÷ (1)ÒòΪa¡Ôb(mod m)£¬c¡Ôd(mod m)£¬ËùÒÔm|(a£­b)£¬m|(c£­d)£¬ÓÚÊÇm|((a£­b)x£«(c£­d)y)£¬¼´m|((ax£«cy)£­(bx£«dy))£¬¹Êax£«cy¡Ôbx£«dy(mod m)¡£

(2)ÒòΪa¡Ôb(mod m)£¬c¡Ôd(mod m)£¬ËùÒÔm|(a£­b)£¬m|(c£­d)£¬ÓÚÊÇm|((a£­b)c£«(c£­d)b)£¬¼´m|(ac£­bd)£¬¹Êac¡Ôbd(mod m)¡£

(3)ÒòΪa¡Ôb(mod m)£¬Ôò´æÔÚÕûÊýqʹµÃa£­b£½mq¡£ÓÚÊÇ£º

an£­bn£½(b£«mq)n£­bn£½(bn£«bn-1(mq)1£«¡­£«b1(mq)n-1£«(mq)n)£­bn£½mp£¬ÆäÖÐpÊÇÒ»ÕûÊý¡£

ËùÒÔan¡Ôbn(mod m)¡£ (4)ÓÉ(1)ºÍ(3)¿ÉÖ¤¡£

2.14¡¢ÇóÂú×ãÏÂÃæͬÓà·½³ÌµÄ½â

x¡Ô1(mod 5)£¬x¡Ô5(mod 6)£¬x¡Ô4(mod 7)£¬x¡Ô10(mod 11)

½â£ºÁîm1£½5£¬m2£½6£¬m3£½7£¬m4£½11£¬b1£½1£¬b2£½5£¬b3£½4£¬b4£½10¡£Ôòm£½2310£¬M1£½462£¬M2£½385£¬M3£½330£¬M4£½210¡£

ÀûÓÃշתÏà³ý·¨ÇóµÃM1?£½£­2£¬M2?£½1£¬M3?£½1£¬M4?£½1¡£ ËùÒÔ£¬x¡Ô1¡¤(£­2)¡¤462£«5¡¤1¡¤385£« 4¡¤1¡¤330£«10¡¤1¡¤210¡Ô4421¡Ô2111(mod 2310)

2.15¡¢ÇóZ5Öи÷·ÇÁãÔªËصij˷¨ÄæÔª¡£ ½â£º1-1=1,2-1=3,3-1=2,4-1=4

6

2.16¡¢ÀàËÆÓÚ±í2.2£¬ÓñíÁгöÓÐÏÞÓòGF(5)Öеļӷ¨ºÍ³Ë·¨ÔËË㠽⣺±íÈçÏ£º 0 1 2 ¼Ó·¨ 0 1 2 3 4 ³Ë·¨ 0 1 2 3 4 a 0 1 2 3 4 -a 0 4 3 2 1 a-1 -- 1 3 2 4 0 1 2 3 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 0 1 2 3 4 2 0 2 4 1 3 2 3 4 0 1 3 3 4 0 1 2 3 0 3 1 4 2 4 4 0 1 2 3 4 0 4 3 2 1 2.17¡¢¶ÔÓÚϵÊýÔÚZ10ÉϵÄÈ¡ÖµµÄ¶àÏîʽÔËË㣬·Ö±ð¼ÆËã

a?¡¢x+2)-(x2+5)=-x2+7x-3mod(10x2+10x+10)=9x2+7x+7

b¡¢(6x2?x?3)?(5x2?2)?(30x4?5x3?27x2?2x?6)mod(10x4?5x3?27x2?2x?6)?5x3?7x2?2x?6

2.18¡¢¼ÙÉèf(x)=x3+x+1ÔÚGF(2n)ÖÐÊÇÒ»¸ö²»¿ÉÔ¼¶àÏîʽ£¬a(x)=2x2+x+2,b(x)=2x2+2x+2,Çóa(x)b(x)

½â£ºa(x)?b(x)=a(x)b(x)modf(x)?(2x2+x+2)(2x2+2x+2)mod£¨x3+x+1£©=6x+6x+2x+432

2.19¡¢±à³ÌʵÏÖÄ£nµÄ¿ìËÙÖ¸ÊýÔËËã¡£ #include \#include #include

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { int m,e,n; printf(\ cin>>e;

7

printf(\ cin>>m; printf(\ cin>>n; int a=e,b=m,c=1; for(a=e;a>0; ) { if(a%2==1) { a-=1; c=(c*b)%n; if(a==0) cout<

2.20¡¢±àдʵÏÖÀ©Õ¹Å·¼¸ÀïµÂËã·¨Çó×î´ó¹«Òò×Ӻͳ˷¨ÄæÔª¡£#include \#include

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { int m,d; cout<<\ first number:\ cin>>m; cout<<\ cin>>d; int a[3]={1,0,m},b[3]={0,1,d}; int Q; if(b[2]%a[2]>=0) { Q=b[2]/a[2]; for(int i=0;i<=2;i++) { int t[3]; t[i]=a[i]-Q*b[i]; a[i]=b[i]; b[i]=t[i];

8

}

} if(b[2]==0) { cout<<\ºÍdµÄ×î´ó¹«Òò×ÓÊÇ\ûÓÐÄæÔª!\ } else if(b[2]==1) { cout<<\ºÍdµÄ×î´ó¹«Òò×ÓÊÇ\ÊÇdµÄÄæÔª!\ } }

return 0;

µÚ3ÕÂ

3.1 ÏÂʽÊÇ·ÂÉäÃÜÂëµÄ¼ÓÃܱ任

c= (3m+5) mod 26£¬ÊÔÇó£º (1) ¸ÃÃÜÂëµÄÃÜÔ¿¿Õ¼äÊǶàÉÙ

(2) Çó³öÏûÏ¢¡°hello¡±¶ÔÓ¦µÄÃÜÎÄ (3) д³öËüµÄ½âÃܱ任 (4) ÊÔ¶ÔÃÜÎĽøÐнâÃÜ ½â£º

£¨1£©ÃÜÔ¿¿Õ¼äΪn??n?=312¡£

£¨2£©helloÎå¸ö×Öĸ¶ÔÓ¦µÄÊý×Ö·Ö±ðÊÇ7£¬4£¬11£¬11£¬14 ·Ö±ð¼ÓÃÜÈçÏ£º £¨3*7+5£©mod26=0 £¨3*4+5£©mod26=17

£¨3*11+5£©mod26=12 £¨3*11+5£©mod26=12 £¨3*14+5£©mod26=21

Îå¸öÃÜÎÄÊý×ÖΪ0£¬17£¬12£¬12£¬21£¬¶ÔÓ¦ÃÜÎÄÊÇARMMV¡£ £¨3£©½âÃܱ任Ϊm=

1(c-5)mod26 3£¨4£©ÃÜÎÄARMMVÎå¸ö×Öĸ¶ÔÓ¦Êý×Ö·Ö±ðΪ0£¬17£¬12£¬12£¬21 ·Ö±ðÀûÓýâÃܱ任½âÃÜ£¬½âÃܺó¶ÔÓ¦Êý×ÖΪ7£¬4£¬11£¬11£¬14 ËùÒԵõ½Ã÷ÎÄΪhello¡£

3.2ÓÃPlayfairÃÜÂë¼ÓÃÜÏÂÃæÏûÏ¢£º

ciphers using substitutions or transpositions are not secure because of language characteristics. ÃÜԿΪthe playfair cipher was invented by Charles Wheatstone¡£ ½â£º

ÓÉÃÜÔ¿¿É¹¹½¨ÈçϵÄÃÜÔ¿¾ØÕó¡£ T A

H Y E F P I/J L R 9

C D M W S B Q O U N G X V K Z ½«Ã÷ÎÄ°´ÕÕÁ½¸ö×Öĸ·Ö×éΪ£º

ci ph er su si ng su bs ti tu ti on so rt ra ns po si ti on sa re no ts ec ur eb ec au se of la ng ua ge ch ar ac te ri st ic sx

ÔòÃÜÎÄΪ£ºNA LE LF OE NF GX OE OW PA EM PA GS OU AL AY VN EG NF PA GS CF FL SG EC TS ZF HO TS FM OF US TR GX MF OP WT YA CD HP AR CE AN NU

3.3 ¼ÙÉèÃÜԿΪ¡°encryption¡±£¬ÓÃά¼ªÄáÑÇÃÜÂë¼ÓÃÜÏûÏ¢symmetric schemes require both parties to share a common secret key¡£ ½â£º

ÔÚÃ÷ÎÄÏÂÃæÖظ´Ð´ÃÜÔ¿×Ö£¬×é³ÉÃÜÔ¿¡£

Ã÷ÎÄM£ºsymmetricschemesrequirebothpartiestoshareacommonsecretkey ÃÜÔ¿K£ºencryptionencryptionencryptionencryptionencryptionencrypt ½«Ã÷ÎĺÍÃÜԿת»¯ÎªÊý×Ö

Ã÷ÎÄ=£¨18£¬24£¬12£¬12£¬4£¬19£¬17£¬8£¬2£¬18£¬2£¬7£¬4£¬12£¬4£¬18£¬17£¬4£¬16£¬20£¬8£¬17£¬4£¬1£¬14£¬19£¬7£¬15£¬0£¬17£¬19£¬8£¬4£¬18£¬19£¬8£¬4£¬18£¬19£¬14£¬18£¬7£¬0£¬17£¬4£¬0£¬2£¬14£¬12£¬12£¬14£¬13£¬18£¬4£¬2£¬17£¬4£¬19£¬10£¬4£¬24£©

ÃÜÔ¿=£¨4£¬13£¬2£¬17£¬24£¬15£¬19£¬8£¬14£¬13£¬4£¬13£¬2£¬17£¬24£¬15£¬19£¬8£¬14£¬13£¬4£¬13£¬2£¬17£¬24£¬15£¬19£¬8£¬14£¬13£¬4£¬13£¬2£¬17£¬24£¬15£¬19£¬8£¬14£¬13£¬4£¬ 13£¬2£¬17£¬24£¬15£¬19£¬8£¬14£¬13£¬4£¬13£¬2£¬17£¬24£¬15£¬19£©

¶Ôÿ¸öÃ÷ÎÄÊý×ֺͶÔÓ¦µÄÃÜÔ¿Êý×Ö£¬Ê¹ÓÃCi?(mi?ki)mod26¼ÓÃÜ£¬µÃµ½ÃÜÎÄÊý×ÖΪ C=£¨22£¬11£¬14£¬3£¬2£¬8£¬10£¬16£¬16£¬21£¬6£¬21£¬6£¬3£¬2£¬7£¬10£¬12£¬4£¬7£¬12£¬4£¬6£¬18£¬12£¬8£¬0£¬23£¬14£¬4£¬23£¬21£¬6£¬9£¬17£¬3£¬11£¬15£¬14£¬4£¬8£¬13£¬4£¬5£¬10£¬1£¬7£¬21£¬6£¬17£¬6£¬4£¬6£¬10£¬8£¬19£¬17£© ÓÚÊÇÃÜÎÄΪ

WLODCIKQQVGVGDCHKMEHMEGSMIAXOEXQGJRDLPOEINEFKBHVGRGEGKITR

3.4 HillÃÜÂë²»Äֿܵ¹ÒÑÖªÃ÷ÎĹ¥»÷£¬Èç¹ûÓÐ×ã¹»¶àµÄÃ÷ÎĺÍÃÜÎĶԣ¬¾ÍÄÜÆƽâHillÃÜÂë¡£ (1) ¹¥»÷ÕßÖÁÉÙÓжàÉÙ¸ö²»Í¬Ã÷ÎÄ-ÃÜÎĶԲÅÄܹ¥ÆƸÃÃÜÂ룿 (2) ÃèÊöÕâÖÖ¹¥»÷·½°¸¡£ ½â£º

£¨1£©ÆƽâÒ»¸öHillmÃÜÂëÖÁÉÙÓ¦¸ÃÓÐm¸ö²»Í¬µÄÃ÷ÎÄ-ÃÜÎĶԡ£

£¨2£©¹¥»÷·½°¸Îª£º¼Ù¶¨¹¥»÷ÕßÒѾ­È·¶¨ÁËÕýÔÚʹÓõÄmÖµ£¬ÖÁÉÙÓÐm¸ö²»Í¬µÄÃ÷-ÃÜÎĶÔ

ÉèΪ£º?j?(?1,j,?2,j,??m,j) yj?(y1,j,y2,j,?ym,j)

¶ÔÈÎÒâµÄ1?j?m£¬ÓÐyj?ek(?j)¡£Èç¹û¶¨ÒåÁ½¸öm?m¾ØÕóX????ºÍY?(yi£¬ji£¬j )£¬

ÔòÓоØÕó·½³ÌY=XK£¬ÆäÖÐm?m¾ØÕóKÊÇδ֪ÃÜÔ¿¡£¼ÙÈç¾ØÕóXÊÇ¿ÉÄæµÄ£¬Ôò¹¥»÷Õß ¿ÉÒÔËã³öK?XY£¬´Ó¶ø¿ÉÒÔÆÆÒëHillÃÜÂ루Èç¹ûX²»¿ÉÄ棬Ôò±ØÐëÖØÐÂÑ¡Ôñm¸öÃ÷

10

?1-ÃÜÎĶԣ©¡£

3.5ÓÃHillÃÜÂë¼ÓÃÜÏûÏ¢¡±hill¡±£¬ÃÜԿΪ£º

?11 8?k???3 7?? ??²¢Ð´³ö´ÓÃÜÎĻָ´Ã÷ÎĵĽâÃܹý³Ì¡£

½â£º ¾­¼ÆËã

?718? K?1????2311?ÉèÃ÷ÎÄΪHill£¬ÔòÏàÓ¦µÄÃ÷ÎÄÏòÁ¿Îª£¨7£¬8£©ºÍ£¨11£¬11£©¡£ÓÚÊÇ£¬ÏàÓ¦µÄÃÜÎÄÏòÁ¿·Ö±ðΪ

?118?(7,8)??37???(77?24,56?56)?(23,8)??

?118?(11,11)??37???(121?33,88?77)?(24,9)??Òò´Ë£¬Ã÷ÎÄHillµÄÃÜÎÄΪXIYJ¡£

3.6ÓÃÒ»´ÎÒ»ÃܼÓÃÜÏûÏ¢¡°01011010101100111100010101010101011011110001010001¡±£¬Ñ¡¶¨µÄÃÜÔ¿ÊÇ¡°10010101011110101101000101000001111100100101010010¡±£¬ÊÔд³öÃÜÎÄ¡£ ½â£ºÃÜÎÄ=Ã÷ÎÄ?ÃÜÔ¿

=01011010101100111100010101010101011011110001010001? 10010101011110101101000101000001111100100101010010 =11001111110010010001010000010100100111010100000011

3.7ʹÓÃDES¼ÓÃÜ£¬¼ÙÉèÃ÷ÎĺÍÃÜÔ¿¶¼Îª (0123456789ABCDEF)16 = (00000001 00100011 01000101 01100111 10001001 10101011 11001101 11101111)2

(1) ÍƵ¼³öµÚÒ»ÂÖµÄ×ÓÃÜÔ¿K1 (2) д³öR0ºÍL0

(3) À©Õ¹R0²¢¼ÆËãE(R0)¨’K1

(4) ½«µÚ(3)ÎʵĽá¹û£¬ÊäÈëµ½8¸öSºÐ£¬Çó³ö¼ÓÃܺ¯ÊýF (5) ÍƵ¼³öR1ºÍL1 ½â£º

£¨1£©½«ÃÜÔ¿K¾­Öû»Ñ¡Ôñ1£¬µÃ C0=11110000 11001100 10101010 0000 D0=10101010 11001100 11110000 0000 ×óÒÆ1λºó¾­Öû»Ñ¡Ôñ2Êä³ö48ΪK1¡£

K1=00001010 00000010 01110111 10011011 01001000 10100101 £¨2£©³õʼÖû»ºó£¬µÃµ½

11

L0=11001100 00000000 11001100 11111111 R0=11110000 10101010 11110000 10101010

£¨3£©ÓÃÀ©Õ¹Öû»E½«R0À©Õ¹Îª48λºó£¬ÓëK1Òì»ò

E£¨R0£©?K1=01110000 00010111 00100010 11100001 01011101 11110000 £¨4£©¾­¹ý8¸öSºÐÊä³ö32λ

S1(011100)=0000 S2(000001)=0000 S3(011100)=0010 S4(100010)=1000 S5(111000)=0011 S6(010101)=1101 S7(110111)=1000 S8(110000)=1100 ¾­Öû»º¯ÊýP£¬Êä³ö¼ÓÃܺ¯ÊýÈçÏ£º F=00111000 00000000 00100000 11101101 £¨5£©ÓÉL0ºÍR0¼ÆËã³öL1ºÍR1

L1=R0=11110000 10101010 11110000 10101010 R1=L0?F=11001000 10101010 11010000 01000111

3.8ÔÚGF(28)ÉÏ{01}µÄÄæÊÇʲô£¿²¢ÑéÖ¤ÆäÔÚSºÐÖеÄÊäÈë¡£ ½â£º

ÔÚGF£¨28£©ÉÏ{01}µÄÄæÊÇ{01}£¬Óöþ½øÖƱêʶΪ0000 0001£¬´úÈëSºÐµÄ±ä»»£¬ÈçÏ£º

??1??1????1??1????1??0??0????0??011111000011111000011111100011111100011111100011??1??1????1????1????1????0????????????????????????1??0????1????1????1????0??????1??0????0????1????0????1????????????????????????1??0????0101???????????????????? ??0??0????0????1????0????1????????????????????????001011??????????????????????0??0????1????0????1????1??????????????1??0??0??0??0??0???????????????????????? ½á¹ûΪ01111100£¬ÓÃÊ®Áù½øÖƱíʾΪ{2A}£¬Óë²éSºÐËùµÃµ½½á¹ûÒ»Ö¡£

3.9¼ÙÉè AESµÄState¾ØÕóµÄijһÁзֱðÊÇs0 = {87}£¬s1= {6E}£¬s2 = {46}£¬s3 = {A6}¡£¾­¹ýÁлìÏý±ä»»ºó£¬s1 = {6E }Ó³ÉäΪs¡¯1 = {37}£¬ÊÔ¼ÆËãÑéÖ¤ÕâÒ»½á¹û¡£ ½â£º

µÚÒ»ÁеÚ2¸ö×ֽڵĴú»»·½³ÌΪ

{87}?£¨{02}?{6E}£©?£¨{03}?{46}£©?{A6}={37} ÏÂÃæÑéÖ¤ÉÏÃæµÈʽ³ÉÁ¢¡£ÓöàÏîʽ±íʾΪ {02}??,

{6E}??6??5??3??2??

12

ÄÇô

??(?6??5??3??2??)??7??6??4??3??2

ÔÙÄ£Ò»¸ö´ÎÊýΪ8µÄ²»¿ÉÔ¼¶àÏîʽm(?)??8??4??3???1 ½á¹ûΪ?7??6??4??3??2

д³É¶þ½øÖÆΪ11011100¡£

ͬÑù£¬¼ÆËã³ö{03}?{46}=11001010, {87}=10000111, {A6}=10100110¡£ Òò´Ë{87}?£¨{02}?{6E}£©?£¨{03}?{46}£©?{A6}¼ÆËã½á¹ûΪ 10000111 11011100 11001010

?10100110

00110111={37}

3.10²ÉÓÃAES¼ÓÃÜ£¬ÃÜԿΪ2B 7E 15 16 28 AE D2 A6 AB F7 15 88 09 CF 4F 3C£¬Ã÷ÎÄΪ32 43 F6 AD 88 5A 30 8D 3131 98 A2 E0 37 07 34

(1) д³ö×î³õµÄStateµÄÖµ

(2) д³öÃÜÔ¿À©Õ¹Êý×éÖеÄÇ°8¸ö×Ö½Ú (3) д³ö³õʼÂÖÃÜÔ¿¼ÓºóStateµÄÖµ (4) д³ö×Ö½Ú´ú»»ºóStateµÄÖµ (5) д³öÐÐÒÆλºóµÄStateµÄÖµ (6) д³öÁлìÏýºóStateµÄÖµ ½â£º

£¨1£©×î³õµÄStateµÄֵΪ£º

?32?43 B0???F6??AD885A308D31E0?3137?? 9807??A234?28AED2A6ABF7158809??W0?2B7E1516?W?28AED2A6EF?1?,ÆäÖÐ? ?W?ABF715884F??3??3E??W4?09EF4F3E?2B?7E £¨2£©K0=£¨W1£¬W2£¬W3£¬W4£©=??15??16

ÃÜÔ¿À©Õ¹Êý×éÖÐÇ°8¸ö×Ö½ÚΪW0£¬W1£¬¼´2b 7e 15 16 28 ae d2 a6 £¨3£©¸ù¾ÝWi(4?i?7)µÄ¼ÆË㹫ʽ£¬·Ö±ð¼ÆËã³ö¸÷ʽ£¬È»ºó¼ÆËã³öK1¡£ W4=SubByte£¨RotByte£¨W3£©£©?Rcon[1] ?W0

= SubByte£¨CF4F3C09£©?(01000000) ?(2B7E1516) =(8A84EB01) ?(01000000) ?(2B7E1516) =A0FAFE17

13

W5=W1?W4=(28AED2A6)?( A0FAFE17)=88542CB1 W6=W2?W5=(ABF71588)?( 88542CB1)=23A33939 W7=W3?W6=(09CF4F3C)?( 23A33939)=2A6C7605 ËùÒÔ£¬µÃµ½µÚÒ»ÂÖ×ÓÃÜÔ¿K1Ϊ£º

?A088?FA54? K1?(W4,W5,W6,W7)??FE2C??17B1³õʼÂÖÃÜÔ¿¼Óºó£¬ B1=B0+K0

23A339392A?6C?? 76??05??32?43 =??F6??AD885A308D31E0??A08823?FA54A33137????9807??FE2C39??A234??17B1392A??19A09AE9?

?3DF4C6F8?6C??=?? 76??E3E28D48????05??BE2B2A08?1E?41?? 52??30?

?D4E0B8?27BFB4

(4)¾­¹ý×Ö½Ú´ú»»ºó£¬stateµÄֵΪ ?

?11985D?

?AEF1E5?D4?BF

(5)¾­¹ýÐÐÒÆλºó£¬stateµÄֵΪ ?

?5D??30

E0B8B4415211AEF1

1E?27?? 98??E5?

?04?66(6)¾­¹ýÁлìÏý±ä»»ºó£¬stateµÄֵΪ??81??E5

E04828?CBF806?? 19D326??9A7A4C?3.11 ¶ÔÏ°Ìâ3.10µÄÃ÷ÎĺÍÃÜÔ¿²»±ä£¬²ÉÓÃSMS4¼ÓÃÜ¡££¨1£©Çó³öµÚÒ»ÂÖµÄÂÖÃÜÔ¿rk0¡££¨2£©ÇóµÚÒ»ÂÖ¼ÓÃܺóµÄÃ÷ÎÄÊä³öÊÇʲô£¿

½â£º

£¨1£©SMS4¼ÓÃÜËã·¨µÄÂÖÃÜÔ¿ÓɼÓÃÜÃÜԿͨ¹ýÃÜÔ¿À©Õ¹Ëã·¨Éú³É£¬µÚÒ»ÂÖÂÖÃÜÔ¿rk0µÄ¼ÆËã¹ý³ÌÈçÏ£º

¢ÙÊ×ÏÈ£¬½«¼ÓÃÜÃÜÔ¿???(??0,??1,??2,??3)°´×Ö·ÖΪËÄ×飬·Ö±ðΪ

) £¬ ??0?(2b7e151)6 £¬??1?(28aed2a6) £¬??2?(abf71588??3?(09cf4f3c)

ÒÑÖª£º

14

FK0?(A3B1BAC6),FK1?(56AA3350),FK2?(677D9197),FK3?(B27022DC) ¸ù¾Ý(K0,K1,K2,K3)?(??0?FK0,??1?FK1,??2?FK2,??3?FK3)£¬µÃ³ö(K0,K1,K2,K3)¸÷¸öµÄÖµ£º

MK0=0010 1011 0111 1110 0001 0101 0001 0110 FK0= 1010 0011 1011 0001 1011 1010 1100 0110

Á½Õß×öÒì»òÔËËãºó£¬µÃK0=1000 1000 1100 1111 1010 1111 1101 0000 ͬÀí¼ÆË㣬¿ÉÒÔ·Ö±ðµÃ

K1=0111 1110 0000 0100 1110 0001 1111 0110

K2=1100 1100 1000 1010 1000 0100 0001 1111

K3=1011 1011 1011 1111 0110 1101 1110 0000

¢ÚÈ»ºó£¬Çó³öT±ä»»µÄÊä³ö£º

¹Ì¶¨²ÎÊýCK0µÄÊ®Áù½øÖƱíʾΪ£º00070e15£¬Ôòͨ¹ýÒì»òÔËËã¡£A?(a0,a1,a2,a3)=K1?K2?K3?CK0=£¨0000 1001 0011 0110 0000 0110 0001 1100£©Ê®Áù½øÖƱíʾΪ£º09 36 06 1c¡£

ÔÙ½«Êä³ö½á¹ûA·ÖΪËÄ×é½øÈëSºÐ£¬Í¨¹ý²é±í£¬Êä³öBµÄÊ®Áù½øÖÆΪ£ºb6 e8 3d 49¡£

ÀûÓù«Ê½L(?)???(????13)?(????23)£¬µÃ

''L'(?)=0001 0101 1001 1010 0111 1111 1000 101

¢Û×îºó£¬Óɹ«Ê½rki?Ki?4?Ki?T'(Ki?1?Ki?2?Ki?3?CKi)Öª£¬½«K0Óë²½Öè¢ÚÇó³öµÄL(?)×öÒì»òÔËË㣬¼´¿ÉµÃµ½rk0¡£

'L'(?)=0001 0101 1001 1010 0111 1111 1000 1010 Òì»ò

K0 =1000 1000 1100 1111 1010 1111 1101 0000

rk0?K4=1001 1101 0101 0101 1101 0000 0101 1010£¬Ê®Áù½øÖƱíʾΪ£º9d 55 d0 5a¡£

£¨2£©¸ù¾ÝSMS4¼ÓÃÜËã·¨£¬Ê×ÏȽ«Ê®Áù½øÖÆÃ÷ÎÄ 32 43 f6 ad 88 5a 30 8d 31 31 98 a2 e0 37 07 34·Ö×飺X0?(3243f6ad)X1?(885a308d)X2?(313198 a2)X3?(e0370334)¡£

15

È»ºó£¬¸ù¾ÝµÚÒ»ÂÖÂÖÃÜÔ¿rk0µÄ¼ÆËã½á¹û£¬ÒÑÖª¼ÓÃܺ¯ÊýF£¬

F(Xi?1,Xi,Xi?1,Xi?2,rki?1)?Xi?1?T(Xi?Xi?1?Xi?2?rki?1)µÃµ½µÚÒ»ÂÖÊä³ö

Êý¾Ý¡£

¢Ù ½øÐкϳÉÖû»TÔËËã

ÖмäÖµA?(a0,a1,a2,a3)=X1?X2?X3?rk0=£¨1100 0100 0000 1001 0111 1111 0100 0001£©¡£Ê®Áù½øÖƱíʾΪ£ºc4 09 7f 41¡£

¢Ú ½«Êä³ö½á¹ûA·ÖΪËÄ×é½øÈëSºÐ£¬Í¨¹ý²é±í£¬Êä³öÖмäÖµBµÄÊ®Áù½øÖÆΪ£ºbb b6 9e

07¡£

¢Û ½øÐÐÏßÐԱ任

Óɹ«Ê½C?L(B)?B?(B???2)?(B???10)?(B???18)?(B???24)µÃ£¬

C?L(B)=1111 0000 1011 0001 1010 0000 1011 0011¡£

¢Ü ÀûÓüÓÃܺ¯Êý

Xi?3?F(Xi?1,Xi,Xi?1,Xi?2,rki?1)?Xi?1?T(Xi?Xi?1?Xi?2?rki?1)£¬½«¢Ûʽ

µÃµ½µÄ½á¹ûÓëX0×öÒì»òÔËË㣬¼´

£¨ 0011 0010 0100 0011 1111 0110 1010 1101£©? £¨1111 0000 1011 0001 1010 0000 X4=

1011 0011 £©=1100 0010 1111 0010 0101 0110 0001 1110 Ê®Áù½øÖƱíʾΪ£ºc2 f2 56 1e¡£

Òò´Ë£¬µÃµ½µÚÒ»ÂÖµÄÊä³öX1,X2,X3,X4=88 5a 30 8d 31 31 98 a2 e0 37 07 34 c2 f2 56 1e¡£

3.12ÓÐÒ»¸öËļ¶ÏßÐÔÒÆλ¼Ä´æÆ÷µÄ·´À¡º¯ÊýΪf(a1, a2, a3, a4)= a1¨’a2

ÆäÖгõ̬Ϊ(a1, a2, a3, a4 )=(1000),ÇóÆäÔòÊä³öÐòÁеÄÇ°12λ¡£ ½â£º

Ëļ¶ÒÆλ´æ´¢Æ÷µÄÊä³öÈçÏÂËùʾ£º ״̬£¨a4, a3, a2, a1£© 0001 1000 0100 0010 1001 1100 Êä³ö 1 0 0 0 1 0 ״̬£¨a4, a3, a2, a1£© 0110 1011 0101 1010 1101 1110 Êä³ö 0 1 1 0 1 0 ËùÒÔ£¬Êä³öÐòÁеÄÇ°12λÊÇ1000 1001 1010¡£

3.13¼ÙÈçʹÓÃ3λ(´Ó0µ½7)µÄRC4£¬Æä²Ù×÷ÊǶÔ8È¡Ä£(¶ø²»ÊǶÔ256È¡Ä£)£¬ÃÜÔ¿ÊÇ326£¬

(1) Çó³õʼ»¯ºóS±íµÄÖµ

16

(2) ¼ÆËãµÚ1¸öÃÜÔ¿×Ö

(3) ÓÃÉÏÃæÉú³ÉµÄÃÜÔ¿¼ÓÃÜÃ÷ÎÄ100101 ½â£º

£¨1£©Êý¾Ý±íSÖ»ÓÐ8¸öÔªËØ¡£³õʼ»¯Îª

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 S 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ÓÉÃÜÔ¿326¹¹ÔìÃÜÔ¿Êý¾Ý±íÈçÏ£º

3 2 6 3 2 6 3 2 K 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ÀûÓÃÈçÏÂÑ­»·¹¹Ôìʵ¼ÊSÊý¾Ý±í¡£ j=0;

for i=0 to 7 do

j= (j+ S(i) + K(i))mod 8 ; swap(S(i),S(j));

¸ÃÑ­»·ÒÔj=0ºÍi=0¿ªÊ¼£¬Ê¹Óøüй«Ê½ºó£¬ j=£¨0+S£¨0£©+K£¨0£©£©mod8=£¨0+0+3£©mod8=3

Òò´Ë£¬SÊý¾Ý±íµÄµÚÒ»¸ö²Ù×÷Êǽ«S£¨0£©ºÍS£¨3£©»¥»»£¬»¥»»½á¹ûÈçÏ£º

3 1 2 0 4 5 6 7 S 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

ͬÑùi¼Ó1ºó£¬¼ÌÐøÖ´Ðд˹ý³Ì£¬Ö±µ½Ñ­»·½áÊø¡£×îºóÊý¾Ý±íS¾Í±»Ëæ»ú»¯Îª

3 0 5 2 7 1 4 6 S 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ¹Ê³õʼ»¯ºóS±íµÄֵΪ

3 0 5 2 7 1 4 6 S 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

£¨2£©´Ój=0ºÍi=0¿ªÊ¼£¬ÏÂÃæ¼ÆËãµÚÒ»¸öÃÜÔ¿×Ö£º i=(i+1)mod8 =(0+1)mod8=1

j=(j+S(i))mod8 =(0+S(1))mod8=(0+0)mod8=0 Swap(S(1),S(0))

±ä»»ºóÊý¾Ý±íS±äΪ

0 3 5 2 7 1 4 6 S 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 È»ºóÈçϼÆËãtºÍk£º

t=(S(i)+S(j))mod8=(S(1)+S(0))mod8=3 k=S(t)=2

ËùÒÔµÚÒ»¸öÃÜÔ¿×ÖÊÇ2£¬Æä¶þ½øÖƱíʾΪ010¡£ £¨3£©ÔÚ£¨2£©µÄ»ù´¡ÉÏÖظ´£¨2£©¹ý³Ì£¬´Ëʱi=1£¬j=0 i=(i+1)mod8 =(1+1)mod8=2

17

j=(j+S(i))mod8 =(0+S(2))mod8=(0+5)mod8=5 Swap(S(2),S(5))

±ä»»ºóÊý¾Ý±íS±äΪ

0 3 1 2 7 5 4 6 S 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 È»ºóÈçϼÆËãtºÍk£º

t=(S(i)+S(j))mod8=(S(2)+S(5))mod8=6 k=S(6)=4

ËùÒÔµÚ¶þ¸öÃÜÔ¿×ÖÊÇ4£¬Æä¶þ½øÖƱíʾΪ100¡£

¹Ê£¬Ê¹ÓÃÃÜÔ¿100010¼ÓÃÜÃ÷ÎÄ100101£¬¼´Òì»òµÃµ½ÃÜÎÄ000111¡£

3.14ÔÚ8λCFBģʽÖУ¬Èç¹û´«ÊäÖÐÒ»¸öÃÜÎÄ×Ö·û·¢Éú´íÎó£¬Õâ¸ö´íÎ󽫴«¶àÔ¶£¿ ½â£º

´íÎ󽫴«9¸ö×Ö·û¡£

µÚ4ÕÂ

4.1ÔÚʹÓÃRSAµÄ¹«Ô¿ÌåÖÆÖУ¬Òѽػñ·¢¸øijÓû§µÄÃÜÎÄΪc=10£¬¸ÃÓû§µÄ¹«Ô¿e = 5£¬ n =35£¬ÄÇôÃ÷ÎÄmµÈÓÚ¶àÉÙ£¿ÎªÊ²Ã´Äܸù¾Ý¹«Ô¿¿ÉÒÔÆƽâÃÜÎÄ£¿ ½â£ºn=p*q (pºÍq¶¼ÊÇËØÊý)£¬n=35¹Ê½â³öp=5 £¬q=7 £»

¦µ£¨n£©=£¨p-1£©*(q-1)=24 £» ÓÖÒòΪe*d¡Ô1 mod¦µ£¨n£©£¬¶øe=5¹Ê¿É½â³öd=5£» m= cd mod n=105 mod 35=5 ¡£

ÒòΪRSAÃÜÂëÌåÖƵݲȫÐÔÊÇ»ùÓÚ·Ö½â´óÕûÊýµÄÀ§ÄÑÐÔÉè¼ÆµÄ¡£RSAËã·¨µÄ¼ÓÃܺ¯Êý

c= me mod nÊÇÒ»¸öµ¥ÏÊý£¬¹Ê¶ÔÓÚ½âÃÜÃÜÎĵÄÏÝÃÅÊÇ·Ö½ân=p*q £¬Ö»ÒªÖªµÀÕâ¸ö·Ö½â¾Í¿ÉÒÔ¼ÆË㦵£¨n£©=£¨p-1£©*(q-1) £¬È»ºóÓÃÀ©Õ¹Å·¼¸ÀïµÂËã·¨À´Çó¼ÆËã½âÃÜ˽Կd¡£

4.2ÀûÓÃRSAËã·¨ÔËË㣬Èç¹ûp=11£¬q=13, e=103,¶ÔÃ÷ÎÄ3½øÐмÓÃÜ.Çód¼°ÃÜÎÄ¡£ ½â£º¦µ£¨n£©=£¨p-1£©*(q-1)=10*12=120

e*d¡Ô1 mod¦µ£¨n£©£¬¶øe=103¹Ê¿É½â³öd=7 n=p*q=11*13=143

c= me mod n=3103 mod 143=16

4.3ÔÚRSAÌåÖÆÖУ¬Ä³Óû§µÄ¹«Ô¿e£½31£¬n=3599£¬ÄÇô¸ÃÓû§µÄ˽ԿµÈÓÚ¶àÉÙ? ½â£ºn=p*q (pºÍq¶¼ÊÇËØÊý)£¬n=3599¹Ê½â³öp=59 £¬q=61£» ¦µ£¨n£©=£¨p-1£©*(q-1)=3480 £» e*d¡Ô1 mod¦µ£¨n£©£¬¶øe=31¹Ê¿É½â³öd=3031 ¡£

4.4ÔÚRSAÌåÖÆÖУ¬¼ÙÉèijÓû§µÄ¹«Ô¿ÊÇ3533£¬p=101£¬q=113£¬ÏÖ¶ÔÃ÷ÎÄ9726¼ÓÃܺͽâÃÜ¡£ ½â£º¼ÓÃܹý³ÌÈçÏ£ºn=p*q=11413 £»

¦µ£¨n£©=£¨p-1£©*(q-1)=11200 £» e*d¡Ô1 mod¦µ£¨n£©£¬¶øe=3533¹Ê¿É½â³öd=6597£»

18

c= me mod n=97263533 mod 11413=5761£»

½âÃܹý³ÌÈçÏ£ºm= cd mod n=57616597 mod 11413=9726 ¡£

4.5ÔÚElGamalÃÜÂëÌåÖÆÖУ¬¼ÙÉèAliceÏëÒª½«ÏûÏ¢m=1299´«Ë͸øBob¡£AliceÈÎÑ¡Ò»¸ö´ó

ËØÊýpΪ2579£¬È¡gΪ101£¬Ñ¡Ôñ±£ÃܵÄ˽ԿxΪ237¡£ (1) ¼ÆË㹫Կy¡£ (2) ÇóÃÜÎÄ¡£

(3) д³ö½âÃܹý³Ì ½â£º£¨1£©y= gx mod p=101237 mod 2579=4 £»

£¨2£©Ñ¡È¡Ò»¸örΪ853£¬¼ÆËãÃÜÎÄΪ C1= gr mod p=101853 mod 2579=1559

C2=m*yr mod p=1299*4853 mod 2579=1358 ¹ÊÃÜÎÄΪ£û1559£¬1358£ý£»

£¨3£©½âÃܹý³ÌΪ£ºÏȼÆËãw=£¨C1x£©-1 mod p £¬ÔÙ¼ÆËãm= C2*w mod p ¡£

4.6Ñ¡È¡Ä£pΪ11ϵÄÍÖÔ²ÇúÏßy2 =x3+x+6£¬È·¶¨E(Z11)ÉϵÄËùÓе㡣 ½â£º

x square roots mod p? y x3 + x + 6 mod 11 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6 8 5 3 8 4 8 4 9 7 4 no no yes yes no yes no yes yes no yes 4, 7 5, 6 2, 9 2, 9 3, 8 2, 9

4.7ȡʵÊýÓòÍÖÔ²ÇúÏßy2=x3-36xÉϵÄÁ½¸öµãp=(-3,9), Q = (12, 36)£¬¼ÆËãP+QºÍ2P¡£

19

4.8ÀûÓÃElGamalµÄÍÖÔ²ÇúÏßÃÜÂëËã·¨£¬ÉèÍÖÔ²ÇúÏßÊÇy2=x3-x+118£®ÍÖÔ²ÇúÏßÉÏÒ»¸öµãA?(0,376)£¬¼ÙÉèAÑ¡ÔñÒ»¸öÃØÃÜÕûÊýk£½7¡£Çó£º

(1) AµÄ¹«¿ªÃÜÔ¿£»

(2) ·¢ËÍ·½BÓû·¢ËÍÏûÏ¢ (562£¬201)£¬Ñ¡ÔñËæ»úÊýr=386£®ÇóÃÜÎÄ¡£ (3) ¸ø³öA´ÓÃÜÎĻָ´ÏûÏ¢µÄ¼ÆËã¹ý³Ì¡£ ½â£º£¨1£©ÉèÄ£Êýp=563,ÔòB=kA=7A=( 139£¬465) £¬AµÄ¹«¿ªÃÜÔ¿ÊÇ(A,B) £» (2) ÃÜÎÄΪ£º( C1 ,C2)=(rA,M+rB)=£¨386(0,376),(562,201)+386(139,465)£© =((458,314),(469,366)) (3) A´ÓÃÜÎĻָ´ÏûÏ¢µÄ¼ÆËã¹ý³ÌΪ£º

M= C2-7C1=(469,366)-7(458,314)=(469,366)-(73,71) = (469,366)+(73,492)=(562,201)

4.9¹«Ô¿ÃÜÂëÒ»°ãÓÃÓÚ´«Êä¶Ô³ÆÃÜÔ¿£¬ÏÖ¼ÙÉèAºÍBÖ®¼äÐèÒª´«ÊäÊý¾Ý£¬A²úÉúÒ»¸ö»á»°Ô¿£¬

Çë»Ø´ðÏÂÃæÎÊÌ⣺

(1) ÔÚÊÂǰͨÐÅ·¢ÐÅÕßAÓ¦¸ÃµÃµ½Ê²Ã´ÃÜÔ¿£¿ (2) »á»°Ô¿µÄ×÷ÓÃÊÇʲô£¿

(3) д³öÒ»¸öÃÜÔ¿·ÖÅäЭÒ飬²¢·ÖÎöÆ䰲ȫÐÔ¡£ ½â£º£¨1£©ÔÚÊÂǰͨÐÅ·¢ÐÅÕßAÓ¦¸ÃµÃµ½»á»°Ô¿£»

£¨2£©»á»°Ô¿µÄ×÷ÓÃÊǽ«ÐèÒª´«Ë͵ÄÊý¾ÝÓûỰԿ¼ÓÃÜ£» £¨3£©Ò»¸öÃÜÔ¿·ÖÅäЭÒéÈçÏ£º 1.A¡úB:EPUb(IDA||N1), 2.B¡úA:EPUa(N1||N2), 3.A¡úB:EPUb(N2+1), 4.B¡úA:EPUa(EPRb(Ks)),

ÕâЭÒé¼È¿ÉÒÔ±£ÃÜÓÖ¿ÉÒÔÈÏÖ¤¡£

4.10ÔÚDiffie-Hllman·½·¨ÖУ¬¹«¹²ËØÊýp = 11£¬±¾Ô­¸ù¦Á = 2 (1) Èç¹ûÓû§AµÄ¹«Ô¿YA = 9£¬ÔòAµÄ˽ԿXAΪ¶àÉÙ£¿ (2) Èç¹ûÓû§BµÄ¹«Ô¿YB = 3£¬Ôò¹²ÏíÃÜÔ¿KΪ¶àÉÙ£¿ ½â£º£¨1£©YA=aXAmod p,ÔòXA=6£»

£¨2£©K=YBXAmod p=36 mod 11=3¡£

4.11Á½¸öÓû§AºÍBʹÓÃDiffie-HellmanÃÜÔ¿½»»»Ð­ÒéÀ´½»»»ÃÜÔ¿£¬¼ÙÉ蹫¹²ËØÊýpΪ71£¬

20

±¾Ô­¸ù¦ÁΪ7¡£AºÍB·Ö±ðÑ¡ÔñÃØÃÜÊýΪ5ºÍ12¡£Çó¹²ÏíµÄÃÜÔ¿¡£ ½â£ºÓÉÌâÒâµÃ XA=5, XB=12,Ôò YA=aXAmod p=75 mod 71=51£¬ ¹ÊK=YAXBmod p=5112 mod 71=30¡£

4.12±àдRSA¼ÓÃܺͽâÃܳÌÐò¡£ ½â£ºint encrypt(int m,int e,int n)

{

int c,i,k=1;

for(i=1;i<=e;i++) k=k*m; c=k%n; return c; }

int decrypt(int c,int d,int n) {

int m,i,k=1;

for(i=1;i<=d;i++) k=k*c; m=k%n; return m; }

µÚ5ÕÂ

5.1ΪʲôÐèÒªÏûÏ¢ÈÏÖ¤£¿

´ð£ºÍøÂ簲ȫµÄÍþвÀ´×ÔÓÚÁ½¸ö·½Ã棺һÊDZ»¶¯¹¥»÷£¬¹¥»÷ÕßÖ»ÊÇͨ¹ýÕìÌýºÍ½ØÈ¡µÈÊֶỶ¯µÄ»ñÈ¡Êý¾Ý£¬²¢²»¶ÔÊý¾Ý½øÐÐÐ޸ģ»Ò»ÊÇÖ÷¶¯¹¥»÷£¬¹¥»÷Õßͨ¹ýαÔì¡¢ÖØ·Å¡¢´Û¸Ä¡¢¸Ä±ä˳ÐòµÈÊֶθıäÊý¾Ý¡£¶ÔÓÚÕâЩӦÓÃÖУ¬½öÌṩ±£ÃÜÐÔÊÇÔ¶Ô¶²»¹»µÄ¡£ÈÏÖ¤ÔòÊÇ·ÀÖ¹Ö÷¶¯¹¥»÷µÄÖØÒª¼¼Êõ¡£ÈÏÖ¤µÄÄ¿µÄÖ÷ÒªÓÐÁ½¸ö£ºµÚÒ»£¬ÑéÖ¤ÏûÏ¢µÄ·¢ËÍÕßÊǺϷ¨µÄ£¬²»ÊÇð³äµÄ£¬Õâ³ÆΪʵÌåÈÏÖ¤£¬°üÀ¨¶ÔÐÅÔ´¡¢ÐÅË޵ȵÄÈÏÖ¤ºÍʶ±ð£»µÚ¶þ£¬ÑéÖ¤ÐÅÏ¢±¾ÉíµÄÍêÕûÐÔ£¬Õâ³ÆΪÏûÏ¢ÈÏÖ¤£¬ÑéÖ¤Êý¾ÝÔÚ´«ËÍ»ò´æ´¢¹ý³ÌÖÐûÓб»´Û¸Ä¡¢ÖØ·Å»òÑӳٵȡ£

5.2 SHAÖÐʹÓõĻù±¾ËãÊõºÍÂß¼­º¯ÊýÊÇʲô£¿

´ð£ºSHA-512ÖÐ×îºËÐĵĴ¦Àí¾ÍÊǶԵ¥¸ö512·Ö×é´¦ÀíµÄ80ÂÖµÄÿһÂֵĴ¦Àí£¬ÆäÔËËãÈç϶¨Ò壺

T1=h+Ch(e,f,g)+(¡Æ1512e)+Wt+Kt T2=(¡Æ0512 a)+Maj(a,b,c) a=T1+T2 b=a c=b d=c e=d+T1 f=e g=f h=g

21

ÆäÖУº

t£º²½ÖèÊý£¬0¡Üt¡Ü79¡£

Ch(e,f,g)=(e AND f)¨’(NOT e AND g) Ìõ¼þº¯Êý£¬Èç¹ûe£¬Ôòf£¬·ñÔòg¡£

Maj(a,b,c)=(a AND b) ¨’(a AND c) ¨’(b AND c)£¬º¯ÊýΪÕæ½öµ±±äÁ¿µÄ¶àÊý£¨2»ò3£©ÎªÕæ¡£ £¨¡Æ0512 a£©£½ROTR28(a) ¨’ROTR34(a) ¨’ROTR39(a) £¨¡Æ1512 e£©= ROTR14(e) ¨’ROTR18(e) ¨’ROTR41(e) Wt£º64룬´Óµ±Ç°µÄ512λÏûÏ¢·Ö×éµ¼³ö Kt£º64λ³£Êý £«£ºÄ£264¼Ó

5.3Ò»¸ö°²È«µÄÉ¢Áк¯ÊýÐèÒªÂú×ãµÄÌØÐÔÓÐÄÄЩ£¿

´ð£º(1) H¿ÉÒÔÓ¦ÓÃÓÚÈÎÒⳤ¶ÈµÄÊý¾Ý¿é£¬²úÉú¹Ì¶¨³¤¶ÈµÄÉ¢ÁÐÖµ£»

(2) ¶Ôÿһ¸ö¸ø¶¨µÄÊäÈëm£¬¼ÆËãH(m)ÊǺÜÈÝÒ׵ģ»

(3) ¸ø¶¨Hashº¯ÊýµÄÃèÊö£¬¶ÔÓÚ¸ø¶¨µÄÉ¢ÁÐÖµh£¬ÕÒµ½Âú×ãH(m) = hµÄmÔÚ¼ÆËãÉÏÊDz»¿ÉÐеģ»

(4) ¸ø¶¨Hashº¯ÊýµÄÃèÊö£¬¶ÔÓÚ¸ø¶¨µÄÏûÏ¢m1£¬ÕÒµ½Âú×ãm2?m1ÇÒH(m2)=H(m1)µÄm2

ÔÚ¼ÆËãÉÏÊDz»¿ÉÐеģ»

(5)ÕÒµ½ÈκÎÂú×ãH(m1)=H(m2)ÇÒm1 ? m2µÄÏûÏ¢¶Ô(m1, m2)ÔÚ¼ÆËãÉÏÊDz»¿ÉÐеġ£

5.4ʲôÊÇÉúÈÕ¹¥»÷£¿

´ð£ºÉúÈÕ¹¥»÷·½·¨Ã»ÓÐÀûÓÃHashº¯ÊýµÄ½á¹¹ºÍÈκδúÊýÈõÐÔÖÊ£¬ËüÖ»ÒÀÀµÓÚÏûÏ¢ÕªÒªµÄ³¤¶È£¬¼´HashÖµµÄ³¤¶È¡£ÕâÖÖ¹¥»÷¶ÔHashº¯ÊýÌá³öÁËÒ»¸ö±ØÒªµÄ°²È«Ìõ¼þ£¬¼´ÏûÏ¢ÕªÒª±ØÐë×ã¹»³¤¡£ YuvalµÄÉúÈÕ¹¥»÷·¨ÃèÊöÈçÏ£º

(1) ºÏ·¨µÄÇ©Ãû·½¶ÔÓÚÆäÈÏΪºÏ·¨µÄÏûÏ¢Ô¸ÒâʹÓÃ×Ô¼ºµÄ˽Կ¶Ô¸ÃÏûÏ¢Éú³ÉµÄmλµÄÉ¢ÁÐÖµ½øÐÐÊý×ÖÇ©Ãû¡£

(2) ¹¥»÷ÕßΪÁËαÔìÒ»·ÝÓÐ(1)ÖеÄÇ©ÃûÕßÇ©ÃûµÄÏûÏ¢£¬Ê×ÏȲúÉúÒ»·ÝÇ©Ãû·½½«»áͬÒâÇ©ÃûµÄÏûÏ¢£¬ÔÙ²úÉú³ö¸ÃÏûÏ¢µÄ2m/2ÖÖ²»Í¬µÄ±ä»¯£¬ÇÒÿһÖֱ仯±í´ïÏàͬµÄÒâÒ壨È磺ÔÚÎÄ×ÖÖмÓÈë¿Õ¸ñ¡¢»»ÐÐ×Ö·û£©¡£È»ºó£¬¹¥»÷ÕßÔÙαÔìÒ»Ìõ¾ßÓв»Í¬ÒâÒåµÄеÄÏûÏ¢£¬²¢²úÉú³ö¸ÃαÔìÏûÏ¢µÄ2m/2Öֱ仯¡£

(3) ¹¥»÷ÕßÔÚÉÏÊöÁ½¸öÏûÏ¢¼¯ºÏÖÐÕÒ³ö¿ÉÒÔ²úÉúÏàͬɢÁÐÖµµÄÒ»¶ÔÏûÏ¢¡£¸ù¾Ý¡°ÉúÈÕã£ÂÛ¡±ÀíÂÛ£¬ÄÜÕÒµ½ÕâÑùÒ»¶ÔÏûÏ¢µÄ¸ÅÂÊÊǷdz£´óµÄ¡£Èç¹ûÕÒ²»µ½ÕâÑùµÄÏûÏ¢£¬¹¥»÷ÕßÔÙ²úÉúÒ»ÌõÓÐЧµÄÏûÏ¢ºÍαÔìµÄÏûÏ¢£¬²¢Ôö¼Óÿ×éÖеÄÃ÷ÎÄÊýÄ¿£¬Ö±ÖÁ³É¹¦ÎªÖ¹¡£

(4) ¹¥»÷ÕßÓõÚÒ»×éÖÐÕÒµ½µÄÃ÷ÎÄÌṩ¸øÇ©Ãû·½ÒªÇóÇ©Ãû£¬ÕâÑù£¬Õâ¸öÇ©Ãû¾Í¿ÉÒÔ±»ÓÃÀ´Î±ÔìµÚ¶þ×éÖÐÕÒµ½µÄÃ÷ÎĵÄÊý×ÖÇ©Ãû¡£ÕâÑù£¬¼´Ê¹¹¥»÷Õß²»ÖªµÀÇ©Ãû˽ԿҲÄÜαÔìÇ©Ãû¡£

5.5É¢Áк¯ÊýºÍÏûÏ¢ÈÏÖ¤ÂëÓÐʲôÇø±ð£¿¸÷×Ô¿ÉÒÔÌṩʲô¹¦ÄÜ£¿

´ð£ºÏûÏ¢ÈÏÖ¤ÂëºÍÉ¢Áк¯Êý¶¼ÊôÓÚÈÏÖ¤º¯Êý¡£¼òµ¥À´Ëµ£¬ÏûÏ¢ÈÏÖ¤ÂëÊÇÒ»ÖÖʹÓÃÃÜÔ¿µÄÈÏÖ¤¼¼Êõ£¬ËüÀûÓÃÃÜÔ¿À´Éú³ÉÒ»¸ö¹Ì¶¨³¤¶ÈµÄ¶ÌÊý¾Ý¿é£¬²¢½«¸ÃÊý¾Ý¿é¸½¼ÓÔÚÏûÏ¢Ö®ºó¡£¶øÉ¢Áк¯ÊýÊǽ«ÈÎÒⳤµÄÏûÏ¢Ó³ÉäΪ¶¨³¤µÄhashÖµµÄº¯Êý£¬ÒÔ¸ÃhashÖµ×÷ΪÈÏÖ¤·û¡£É¢Áк¯ÊýÒ²³ÆΪÏûÏ¢µÄ¡°Ö¸ÎÆ¡±¡£µ«ÊÇÉ¢Áк¯ÊýÓÃÓÚÈÏ֤ʱ£¬Í¨³£ºÍÊý×ÖÇ©Ãû½áºÏʹÓá£

ËüÃǶ¼¿ÉÒÔÌṩÏûÏ¢ÈÏÖ¤£¬ÈÏÖ¤ÄÚÈÝ°üÀ¨£ºÏûÏ¢µÄÔ´ºÍËÞ£»ÏûÏ¢ÄÚÈÝÊÇ·ñÔøÊܵ½Å¼È»µÄ»òÓÐÒâµÄ´Û¸Ä£»ÏûÏ¢µÄÐòºÅºÍʱ¼äÀ¸¡£

22

5.6Êý×ÖÇ©ÃûºÍÉ¢Áк¯ÊýµÄÓ¦ÓÃÓÐʲô²»Í¬£¿ ´ð£ºÉ¢Áк¯Êý¿ÉÒÔ±»³ÆΪÊÇÏûÏ¢µÄ¡°Ö¸ÎÆ¡±£¬Ëü¿ÉÒÔÓÃÀ´¶ÔÓÚÏûÏ¢Éú³ÉÒ»¸ö¹Ì¶¨³¤¶ÈµÄ¶ÌÊý¾Ý¿é¡£Ëü¿ÉÒÔºÍÊý×ÖÇ©Ãû½áºÏÌṩ¶ÔÏûÏ¢µÄÈÏÖ¤¡£ÓÉÓÚÊý×ÖÇ©ÃûËã·¨ÔÚ¶Ô³¤µÄÏûÏ¢½øÐÐÇ©ÃûµÄʱºòÐèÒªÏÈ·Ö¿éÔÙ·Ö±ðÇ©Ãû£¬ËٶȺÜÂý£¬ËùÒÔ²ÉÓöÔÏûÏ¢µÄÉ¢ÁÐÖµ½øÐÐÇ©Ãû¿ÉÒÔÌṩЧÂʲ¢ÌṩÈÏÖ¤¡£Êý×ÖÇ©ÃûÖÐÐèҪʹÓÃ˽Կ£¬Ö»ÓÐÓµÓÐ˽ԿµÄÓû§²Å¿ÉÒÔÌṩÊý×ÖÇ©Ãû£¬Êý×ÖÇ©Ãû¿ÉÒÔ½â¾öµÄÎÊÌâ°üÀ¨£º·ñÈÏ£º·¢ËÍ·½·ñÈÏ·¢Ë͹ý»òÇ©Ãû¹ýij¸öÏûÏ¢£»Î±Ô죺Óû§AαÔìÒ»·ÝÏûÏ¢£¬²¢Éù³Æ¸ÃÏûÏ¢À´×ÔB£»Ã°³ä£ºÓû§Að³äÆäËûÓû§½ÓÊÕ»ò·¢Ëͱ¨ÎÄ£»´Û¸Ä£ºÏûÏ¢½ÓÊÕ·½¶ÔÊÕµ½µÄÏûÏ¢½øÐд۸ġ£ÕâЩÎÊÌâÉ¢Áк¯ÊýÊǵ¥¶À½â¾ö²»Á˵ġ£

5.7Êý×ÖÇ©ÃûÐèÒªÂú×ãÄÄЩÌõ¼þ£¿ ´ð£ºÊý×ÖÇ©ÃûÐèÒªÂú×ãµÄÌõ¼þ°üÀ¨£º

[1] Ç©ÃûµÄ½á¹û±ØÐëÊÇÓ뱻ǩÃûµÄÏûÏ¢Ïà¹ØµÄ¶þ½øÖÆλ´®£»

[2] Ç©Ãû±ØÐëʹÓ÷¢ËÍ·½Ä³Ð©¶ÀÓеÄÐÅÏ¢£¨·¢ËÍÕßµÄ˽Կ£©£¬ÒÔ·ÀαÔìºÍ·ñÈÏ£» [3] ²úÉúÊý×ÖÇ©Ãû±È½ÏÈÝÒ×£» [4] ʶ±ðºÍÑé֤ǩÃû±È½ÏÈÝÒ×£»

[5] ¸ø¶¨Êý×ÖÇ©ÃûºÍ±»Ç©ÃûµÄÏûÏ¢£¬Î±ÔìÊý×ÖÇ©ÃûÔÚ¼ÆËãÉÏÊDz»¿ÉÐеġ£ [6] ±£´æÊý×ÖÇ©ÃûµÄ¿½±´£¬²¢ÓɵÚÈý·½½øÐÐÖÙ²ÃÊÇ¿ÉÐеġ£

5.8¸ø³ö¼¸ÖÖÊý×ÖÇ©Ãû¼¼Êõ£¬·ÖÎöÆäÓÅȱµã¡£

´ð£ºÊý×ÖÇ©Ãû±ê×¼£ºDSAµÄ°²È«ÐÔÊǽ¨Á¢ÔÚÇó½âÀëÉ¢¶ÔÊýÄÑÌâÖ®Éϵģ¬Ëã·¨»ùÓÚElGamalºÍSchnorrÇ©ÃûËã·¨£¬ÆäºóÃæ·¢²¼µÄ×îа汾»¹°üÀ¨»ùÓÚRSAºÍÍÖÔ²ÇúÏßÃÜÂëµÄÊý×ÖÇ©ÃûËã·¨¡£ÕâÀï¸ø³öµÄËã·¨ÊÇ×î³õµÄDSAËã·¨¡£Ö»ÌṩÊý×ÖÇ©Ãû¹¦ÄܵÄËã·¨£¬ËäÈ»ËüÊÇÒ»ÖÖ¹«Ô¿ÃÜÂë»úÖÆ£¬µ«ÊDz»ÄÜÏñRSAºÍECCËã·¨ÄÇÑù»¹¿ÉÒÔÓÃÓÚ¼ÓÃÜ»òÃÜÔ¿·ÖÅä¡£

ÖÙ²ÃÊý×ÖÇ©Ãû£ºÖÙ²ÃÇ©ÃûÖгýÁËͨÐÅË«·½Í⣬»¹ÓÐÒ»¸öÖٲ÷½¡£·¢ËÍ·½A·¢Ë͸øBµÄÿÌõÇ©ÃûµÄÏûÏ¢¶¼ÏÈ·¢Ë͸øÖÙ²ÃÕßT£¬T¶ÔÏûÏ¢¼°ÆäÇ©Ãû½øÐмì²éÒÔÑéÖ¤ÏûÏ¢Ô´¼°ÆäÄÚÈÝ£¬¼ì²éÎÞÎóºó¸øÏûÏ¢¼ÓÉÏÈÕÆÚÔÙ·¢Ë͸øB£¬Í¬Ê±Ö¸Ã÷¸ÃÏûÏ¢ÒÑͨ¹ýÖÙ²ÃÕߵļìÑé¡£Òò´Ë£¬ÖÙ²ÃÊý×ÖÇ©Ãûʵ¼ÊÉÏÉæ¼°µ½¶àÓàÒ»²½µÄ´¦Àí£¬ÖÙ²ÃÕߵļÓÈëʹµÃ¶ÔÓÚÏûÏ¢µÄÑéÖ¤¾ßÓÐÁËʵʱÐÔ¡£ äǩÃû£ºÔÊÐíÏûÏ¢·¢ËÍÕßÏȽ«ÏûϢ仯£¬¶øºóÈÃÇ©ÃûÕ߶Ô仯µÄÏûÏ¢½øÐÐÇ©Ãû£¬×îºóÏûÏ¢ÓµÓÐÕ߶ÔÇ©Ãû³ýȥäÒò×Ó£¬µÃµ½Ç©ÃûÕß¹ØÓÚÔ­ÏûÏ¢µÄÇ©Ãû¡£Ëü³ýÁËÂú×ãÒ»°ãµÄÊý×ÖÇ©ÃûÌõ¼þÍ⣬»¹±ØÐëÂú×ãÏÂÃæµÄÁ½ÌõÐÔÖÊ£º

1. Ç©ÃûÕß²»ÖªµÀÆäËùÇ©ÃûµÄÏûÏ¢µÄ¾ßÌåÄÚÈÝ¡£

2. Ç©ÃûÏûÏ¢²»¿É×·×Ù£¬¼´µ±Ç©ÃûÏûÏ¢±»¹«²¼ºó£¬Ç©ÃûÕßÎÞ·¨ÖªµÀÕâÊÇËûÄĴεÄÇ©ÊðµÄ¡£ äǩÃûÖ÷ÒªÓÃÓÚµç×ÓÉÌÎñµÈµÈÁìÓò¡£

µÚ6ÕÂ

6.1½âÊÍÉí·ÝÈÏÖ¤µÄ»ù±¾¸ÅÄî¡£ ´ð£ºÉí·ÝÈÏÖ¤ÊÇÖ¸¼ÆËã»ú¼°ÍøÂçϵͳȷÈϲÙ×÷ÕßÉí·ÝµÄ¹ý³Ì¡£ËüÓÃÀ´·ÀÖ¹¼ÆËã»úϵͳ±»·ÇÊÚȨÓû§»ò½ø³ÌÇÖÈ룬±£Ö¤ÒÔÊý×ÖÉí·Ý½øÐвÙ×÷µÄ²Ù×÷Õß¾ÍÊÇÕâ¸öÊý×ÖÉí·ÝºÏ·¨µÄÓµÓÐÕß¡£

6.2¼òÊöʹÓÿÚÁî½øÐÐÉí·ÝÈÏÖ¤µÄÓÅȱµã¡£

´ð£º¿ÚÁîÈÏÖ¤µÄÓŵã¾ÍÊǼòµ¥£¬Ò×ÓÚʵÏÖ¡£¿ÚÁîÈÏÖ¤µÄ²»×ãÖ®´¦ÊÇÈÝÒ×Êܵ½¹¥»÷£¬Ö÷ÒªµÄ¹¥»÷·½Ê½ÓÐÇÔÌý¡¢ÖØ·Å¡¢ÖмäÈ˹¥»÷¡¢¿ÚÁî²Â²âµÈ¡£

23

6.3 ¼òÊöOpenIDºÍOAuthÈÏ֤ЭÒéµÄ¹¦ÄÜÓëÇø±ð¡£

´ð£ºOpenID£¨Open Identity£©ÊÇÒ»¸ö¿ª·ÅµÄ¡¢»ùÓÚURI/URLµÄ¡¢È¥ÖÐÐÄ»¯µÄÉí·ÝÈÏ֤ЭÒ飬ҲÊÇÒ»¸ö¿ª·ÅµÄ±ê×¼¡£Í¨¹ýOpenID£¬ÈκÎÈ˶¼Äܹ»Ê¹ÓÃÒ»¸öURLÔÚ»¥ÁªÍøÉÏÓÃͳһµÄ·½Ê½À´ÈÏÖ¤×Ô¼º¡£Ò»´Î×¢²á£¬¿ÉÒÔÔÚ¶à¸öÍøÕ¾ÉϵǼ£¬´Ó¶øʵÏÖÁË¿çÓòµÄµ¥µãµÇ¼µÄ¹¦ÄÜ£¬Óû§ÔÙÎÞÐë½øÐÐÖظ´µÄ×¢²áºÍµÇ¼¡£OAuth£¨Open Authorization£©Ð­ÒéÊÇÒ»¸ö¿ª·ÅµÄÊÚȨЭÒ飬ÆäÄ¿±êÊÇΪÁËÊÚȨµÚÈý·½ÔÚ¿É¿Ø·¶Î§Ï·ÃÎÊÓû§×ÊÔ´¡£OAuthºÍOpenIDµÄÇø±ðÔÚÓÚÓ¦Óó¡¾°µÄÇø±ð£¬OAuthÓÃÓÚΪÓû§ÊÚȨ£¬ÊÇÒ»Ì×ÊÚȨЭÒ飻OpenIDÊÇÓÃÀ´ÈÏÖ¤µÄ£¬ÊÇÒ»Ì×ÈÏ֤ЭÒé¡£Á½ÕßÊÇ»¥²¹µÄ¡£Ò»°ãÖ§³ÖOpenIDµÄ·þÎñ¶¼»áʹÓõ½OAuth¡£

6.4½âÊÍ·ÃÎÊ¿ØÖƵĻù±¾¸ÅÄî¡£

´ð£º·ÃÎÊ¿ØÖƹ涨ÁËÖ÷Ìå¶Ô¿ÍÌå·ÃÎʵÄÏÞÖÆ£¬²¢ÔÚÉí·Ýʶ±ðµÄ»ù´¡ÉÏ£¬¸ù¾ÝÉí·Ý¶ÔÌá³ö×ÊÔ´·ÃÎʵÄÇëÇó¼ÓÒÔ¿ØÖÆ¡£·ÃÎÊ¿ØÖƾö¶¨ÁËË­Äܹ»·ÃÎÊϵͳ£¬ÄÜ·ÃÎÊϵͳµÄºÎÖÖ×ÊÔ´ÒÔ¼°ÈçºÎʹÓÃÕâЩ×ÊÔ´¡£Êʵ±µÄ·ÃÎÊ¿ØÖÆÄܹ»×èֹδ¾­ÔÊÐíµÄÓû§ÓÐÒâ»òÎÞÒâµØ»ñÈ¡Êý¾Ý¡£

6.5ÓÐÄļ¸ÖÖ·ÃÎÊ¿ØÖƲßÂÔ£¿

´ð£º¸ù¾Ý¿ØÖƲßÂԵIJ»Í¬£¬·ÃÎÊ¿ØÖÆ¿ÉÒÔ»®·ÖΪ×ÔÖ÷·ÃÎÊ¿ØÖÆ¡¢Ç¿ÖÆ·ÃÎÊ¿ØÖƺͻùÓÚ½ÇÉ«µÄ·ÃÎÊ¿ØÖÆÈýÖÖ¡£

6.6ʲôÊÇÇ¿ÖÆ·ÃÎÊ¿ØÖÆMAC²ßÂÔ£¿ËüµÄÊÊÓó¡ºÏÊÇʲô£¿ ´ð£ºÇ¿ÖÆ·ÃÎÊ¿ØÖÆÊÇÖ¸¼ÆËã»úϵͳ¸ù¾ÝʹÓÃϵͳµÄ»ú¹¹ÊÂÏÈÈ·¶¨µÄ°²È«²ßÂÔ£¬¶ÔÓû§µÄ·ÃÎÊȨÏÞ½øÐÐÇ¿ÖÆÐԵĿØÖÆ¡£Ç¿ÖÆ·ÃÎÊ¿ØÖƽøÐÐÁ˺ÜÇ¿µÄµÈ¼¶»®·Ö£¬ËùÒÔ¾­³£ÓÃÓÚ¾üÊÂÓÃ;¡£

6.7ʲôÊÇ×ÔÖ÷·ÃÎÊ¿ØÖÆDAC²ßÂÔ£¿ËüµÄ°²È«ÐÔÈçºÎ£¿

´ð£º×ÔÖ÷·ÃÎÊ¿ØÖÆÊÇÖ¸¶Ôij¸ö¿ÍÌå¾ßÓÐÓµÓÐȨ£¨»ò¿ØÖÆȨ£©µÄÖ÷ÌåÄܹ»½«¶Ô¸Ã¿ÍÌåµÄÒ»ÖÖ·ÃÎÊȨ»ò¶àÖÖ·ÃÎÊȨ×ÔÖ÷µØÊÚÓèÆäËüÖ÷Ì壬²¢ÔÚËæºóµÄÈκÎʱ¿Ì½«ÕâЩȨÏÞ»ØÊÕ¡£ËüµÄ°²È«ÐÔ²»¸ß£¬È¨Ï޵Ĵ«µÝ¿ÉÄÜ»á¸øϵͳ´øÀ´°²È«Òþ»¼£¬ÎÞÒâ¼ä¾Í¿ÉÄÜй¶ÐÅÏ¢£¬¶øÇÒ²»ÄÜ·À±¸ÌØÂåÒÁľÂíµÄ¹¥»÷¡£

6.8ΪʲôMACÄÜ×èÖ¹ÌØÂåÒÁľÂí£¿ ´ð£ºÒ»¸öÌØÂåÒÁľÂíÊÇÔÚÒ»¸öÖ´ÐÐijЩºÏ·¨¹¦ÄܵijÌÐòÖÐÒþ²ØµÄ´úÂ룬ËüÀûÓÃÔËÐд˳ÌÐòµÄÖ÷ÌåȨÏÞÎ¥·´°²È«²ßÂÔ£¬Í¨¹ýαװ³ÉÓÐÓõijÌÐòÔÚ½ø³ÌÖÐй¶ÐÅÏ¢¡£×èÖ¹ÌØÂåÒÁľÂíµÄ²ßÂÔÊÇ»ùÓÚ·ÇÑ­»·ÐÅÏ¢Á÷£¬ËùÒÔÔÚÒ»¸ö¼¶±ðÉ϶ÁÐÅÏ¢µÄÖ÷ÌåÒ»¶¨²»ÄÜÔÚÁíÒ»¸öÎ¥·´·ÇÑ­»·¹æÔòµÄ°²È«¼¶±ðÉÏд£¬Í¬Ñù£¬ÔÚÒ»¸ö°²È«¼¶±ðÉÏдÐÅÏ¢µÄÖ÷ÌåÒ»¶¨²»ÄÜÔÚÁíÒ»¸öÎ¥·´·ÇÑ­»·¹æÔòµÄ°²È«¼¶±ðÉ϶Á¡£ÓÉÓÚMAC²ßÂÔÊÇͨ¹ýÌݶȰ²È«±êǩʵÏÖÐÅÏ¢µÄµ¥ÏòÁ÷ͨ£¬Òò¶øËü¿ÉÒԺܺõØ×èÖ¹ÌØÂåÒÁľÂíµÄйÃÜ¡£

6.9¼òÊöʲôÊÇ»ùÓÚ½ÇÉ«µÄ·ÃÎÊ¿ØÖÆRBAC¡£ ´ð£º»ùÓÚ½ÇÉ«µÄ·ÃÎÊ¿ØÖÆÊÇÔÚÓû§ºÍ·ÃÎÊȨÏÞÖ®¼äÒýÈë½ÇÉ«µÄ¸ÅÄ½«Óû§ºÍ½ÇÉ«ÁªÏµÆðÀ´£¬Í¨¹ý¶Ô½ÇÉ«µÄÊÚȨÀ´¿ØÖÆÓû§¶Ôϵͳ×ÊÔ´µÄ·ÃÎÊ¡£

µÚ7ÕÂ

7.1¼òÊöKerberosµÄ»ù±¾¹¤×÷¹ý³Ì¡£ ´ð£ºKerberosµÄ»ù±¾ÈÏÖ¤¹ý³ÌÃèÊöΪ£º

¢ÙÓû§ÏëÒª»ñÈ¡·ÃÎÊijһӦÓ÷þÎñÆ÷µÄÐí¿É֤ʱ£¬ÏÈÒÔÃ÷ÎÄ·½Ê½ÏòÈÏÖ¤·þÎñÆ÷AS·¢³ö

24

ÇëÇó£¬ÒªÇó»ñµÃ·ÃÎÊTGSµÄÐí¿ÉÖ¤¡£

¢ÚASÒÔÖ¤Ê飨credential£©×÷ΪÏìÓ¦£¬Ö¤Êé°üÀ¨·ÃÎÊTGSµÄÐí¿ÉÖ¤ºÍÓû§ÓëTGS¼äµÄ»á»°ÃÜÔ¿¡£»á»°ÃÜÔ¿ÒÔÓû§µÄÃÜÔ¿¼ÓÃܺó´«Êä¡£

¢ÛÓû§½âÃܵõ½TGSµÄÏìÓ¦£¬È»ºóÀûÓÃTGSµÄÐí¿ÉÖ¤ÏòTGSÉêÇëÓ¦Ó÷þÎñÆ÷µÄÐí¿ÉÖ¤£¬¸ÃÉêÇë°üÀ¨TGSµÄÐí¿ÉÖ¤ºÍÒ»¸ö´øÓÐʱ¼ä´ÁµÄÈÏÖ¤·û£¨authenticator£©¡£ÈÏÖ¤·ûÒÔÓû§ÓëTGS¼äµÄ»á»°ÃÜÔ¿¼ÓÃÜ¡£

¢ÜTGS´ÓÐí¿ÉÖ¤ÖÐÈ¡³ö»á»°ÃÜÔ¿¡¢½âÃÜÈÏÖ¤·û£¬ÑéÖ¤ÈÏÖ¤·ûÖÐʱ¼ä´ÁµÄÓÐЧÐÔ£¬´Ó¶øÈ·¶¨Óû§µÄÇëÇóÊÇ·ñºÏ·¨¡£TGSÈ·ÈÏÓû§µÄºÏ·¨ÐÔºó£¬Éú³ÉËùÒªÇóµÄÓ¦Ó÷þÎñÆ÷µÄÐí¿ÉÖ¤£¬Ðí¿ÉÖ¤Öк¬ÓÐвúÉúµÄÓû§ÓëÓ¦Ó÷þÎñÆ÷Ö®¼äµÄ»á»°ÃÜÔ¿¡£TGS½«Ó¦Ó÷þÎñÆ÷µÄÐí¿ÉÖ¤ºÍ»á»°ÃÜÔ¿´«»Øµ½Óû§¡£

¢ÝÓû§ÏòÓ¦Ó÷þÎñÆ÷Ìá½»Ó¦Ó÷þÎñÆ÷µÄÐí¿ÉÖ¤ºÍÓû§Ð²úÉúµÄ´øʱ¼ä´ÁµÄÈÏÖ¤·û£¨ÈÏÖ¤·ûÒÔÓû§ÓëÓ¦Ó÷þÎñÆ÷Ö®¼äµÄ»á»°ÃÜÔ¿¼ÓÃÜ£©¡£

¢ÞÓ¦Ó÷þÎñÆ÷´ÓÐí¿ÉÖ¤ÖÐÈ¡³ö»á»°ÃÜÔ¿¡¢½âÃÜÈÏÖ¤·û£¬È¡³öʱ¼ä´Á²¢¼ìÑéÓÐЧÐÔ¡£È»ºóÏòÓû§·µ»ØÒ»¸ö´øʱ¼ä´ÁµÄÈÏÖ¤·û£¬¸ÃÈÏÖ¤·ûÒÔÓû§ÓëÓ¦Ó÷þÎñÆ÷Ö®¼äµÄ»á»°ÃÜÔ¿½øÐмÓÃÜ¡£¾Ý´Ë£¬Óû§¿ÉÒÔÑéÖ¤Ó¦Ó÷þÎñÆ÷µÄºÏ·¨ÐÔ¡£

7.2¼òÊöSSLÎÕÊֵĹý³Ì¡£

´ð£ºSSLÎÕÊÖµÄÏêϸ¹ý³ÌÈçÏ£º

µÚÒ»²½£º¿Í»§·¢³öÒ»¸ö´øÓпͻ§HELLOÐÅÏ¢µÄÁ¬½ÓÇëÇó¡£

µÚ¶þ²½£º·þÎñÆ÷ÆÀ¹À¿Í»§·½·¢À´µÄHELLOÐÅÏ¢Öеĸ÷Ïî²ÎÊý£¬²¢ÇÒ·µ»ØÒ»¸ö·þÎñÆ÷·½µÄHELLOÐÅÏ¢£¬ÆäÖк¬ÓзþÎñÆ÷Ñ¡À´ÓÃÓÚSSL»á»°µÄ¸÷Ïî²ÎÊý¡£ÔÚ·þÎñÆ÷HELLOÐÅÏ¢Ö®ºó£¬·þÎñÆ÷·¢³öÈçÏÂÐÅÏ¢£º¢Ù·þÎñÆ÷Ö¤Ê飬Èç¹û·þÎñÆ÷ÐèÒª±»¼ø±ðµÄ»°¡£¢Ú·þÎñÆ÷ÃÜÔ¿½»»»ÐÅÏ¢£¬Èç¹ûµÃ²»µ½Ö¤Êé»òÖ¤Êé½ö½öÓÃ×÷Ç©ÃûµÄ»°¡£¢ÛÖ¤ÊéÇëÇó£¬Èç¹û¿Í»§ÒªÇó±»¼ø±ðµÄ»°¡£È»ºó£¬·þÎñÆ÷·¢³öÒ»¸ö·þÎñÆ÷HELLO DONEÐÅÏ¢£¬¿ªÊ¼µÈ´ý¿Í»§µÄ»ØÒô¡£

µÚÈý²½£º¿Í»§·¢ËÍÏÂÁÐÐÅÏ¢£º¢ÙÈç¹û·þÎñÆ÷·¢³öÁËÒ»¸öÖ¤ÊéÇëÇó£¬ÄÇô¿Í»§·½±ØÐë·¢ËÍÒ»¸öÖ¤Êé»ò·ÇÖ¤ÊéÐÅÏ¢¡£¢ÚÈç¹û·þÎñÆ÷·¢ËÍÁËÒ»¸ö·þÎñÆ÷ÃÜÔ¿½»»»ÐÅÏ¢£¬ÄÇô¿Í»§·½¾Í·¢ËÍÒ»¸ö»ùÓÚ¹«Ô¿Ëã·¨µÄÓÉHELLOÐÅÏ¢¾ö¶¨µÄÃÜÔ¿½»»»ÐÅÏ¢¡£¢ÛÈç¹û¿Í»§·½ÒѾ­·¢ËÍÁËÒ»¸öÖ¤Ê飬ÄÇô¿Í»§·½¾ÍÐèÑéÖ¤·þÎñÆ÷·½µÄÖ¤Êé²¢ÇÒ·¢³öÒ»¸öÖ¤ÊéÑéÖ¤ÐÅÏ¢Ö¸Ã÷½á¹û¡£È»ºó£¬¿Í»§·½·¢³öÒ»¸ö½áÊøÐÅÏ¢£¬Ö¸³öЭÉ̹ý³ÌÒѾ­Íê³É¡£¿Í»§·½»¹·¢ËÍÒ»¸öÐÞ¸ÄÃÜÎĹæÔ¼ÐÅÏ¢À´²úÉú¹²ÏíµÄ³£¹æÃÜÔ¿¡£Ó¦¸Ã×¢ÒâÕⲿ·Ö¹¤×÷²»ÊÇÓÉÎÕÊÖЭÒé¿ØÖÆ£¬ÊÇÓÉÐÞ¸ÄÃÜÎĹæԼЭÒé¹ÜÀíµÄ¡£

µÚËIJ½£º·þÎñÆ÷·¢³öÒ»¸ö½áÊøÐÅÏ¢Ö¸³öЭÉ̽׶ÎÍê³É¡£È»ºó·þÎñÆ÷·¢³öÒ»¸öÃÜÎÄÐ޸ĹæÔ¼ÐÅÏ¢¡£

µÚÎå²½£º»á»°Ë«·½·Ö±ð²úÉúÒ»¸ö¼ÓÃÜÃÜÔ¿£¬È»ºóËûÃÇÔÙ¸ù¾ÝÕâЩÃÜÔ¿µ¼³ö»á»°Ö÷ÃÜÔ¿¡£ÎÕÊÖЭÒé¸Ä±ä״̬ÖÁÁ¬½Ó״̬¡£ËùÓдÓÓ¦ÓòãµÄÀ´µÄÊý¾Ý´«Êä×÷ΪÌض¨ÐÅÏ¢´«Êä¸ø¶Ô·½¡£

7.3 IPSecÖУ¬ESPºÍAH·Ö±ðÓÐʲô×÷Óã¿

´ð£ºÔÚIPSec°²È«Ð­Òé×éÖУ¬ESP¹æ¶¨ÁËΪͨÐÅÌṩ»úÃÜÐÔºÍÍêÕûÐÔ±£»¤µÄ¾ßÌå·½°¸£¬°üÀ¨ESPÔغɵĸñʽ¡¢ÓïÒ塢ȡֵÒÔ¼°¶Ô½øÈë·Ö×éºÍÍâ³ö·Ö×éµÄ´¦Àí¹ý³ÌµÈ¡£ESPÉæ¼°µ½ÃÜÂëѧÖеĺËÐÄ×é¼þ¡ª¡ª¼ÓÃܺͼø±ðËã·¨¡£AHЭÒ鶨ÒåÁËÈÏÖ¤µÄÓ¦Ó÷½·¨£¬ÌṩÊý¾ÝÔ´ÈÏÖ¤ºÍÍêÕûÐÔ±£Ö¤¡£AHЭÒé¹æ¶¨ÁËAHÍ·ÔÚAHʵÏÖÖÐÓ¦²åÈëIPÍ·µÄλÖá¢AHÍ·µÄÓï·¨¸ñʽ¡¢¸÷×ֶεÄÓïÒå¼°È¡Öµ·½Ê½£¬ÒÔ¼°ÊµÊ©AHʱ½øÈëºÍÍâ³ö·Ö×éµÄ´¦Àí¹ý³Ì¡£AH»úÖÆÉæ¼°µ½ÃÜÂëѧÖеĺËÐÄ×é¼þ¡ª¡ª¼ø±ðËã·¨¡£

7.4 AHµÄ´«ÊäģʽÓëËíµÀģʽÓкÎÇø±ð£¿

25

´ð£º´«ÊäģʽµÄAHÖУ¬·â×°ºóµÄ·Ö×éIPÍ·ÈÔÈ»ÊÇÔ­IPÍ·¡¢Ö»ÊÇIPÍ·µÄЭÒé×Ö¶ÎÓÉÔ­À´µÄÖµ±äΪ51£¬±íʾIPÍ·ºó½ô½ÓµÄÔغÉΪAHÔغɡ£ÔÚËíµÀģʽµÄAHÖУ¬²»Êǽ«Ô­Ê¼µÄIPЭÒéÍ·ÒƵ½×î×ó±ßÈ»ºó²åÈëAHЭÒéÍ·£¬¶øÊǸ´ÖÆԭʼIPЭÒéÍ·£¬²¢½«¸´ÖƵÄIPЭÒéÍ·ÒƵ½Êý¾Ý±¨×î×ó±ß×÷ΪеÄIPЭÒéÍ·¡£ËæºóÔÚԭʼIPЭÒéÍ·ÓëIPЭÒéÍ·µÄ¸±±¾Ö®¼ä·ÅÖÃAHЭÒéÍ·¡£Ô­Ê¼IPЭÒéÍ·±£³ÖÔ­·â²»¶¯£¬²¢ÇÒÕû¸öԭʼIPЭÒéÍ·¶¼±»ÈÏÖ¤»òÓɼÓÃÜËã·¨½øÐб£»¤¡£

7.5 ESPµÄ´«ÊäģʽÓëËíµÀģʽÓкÎÇø±ð£¿

´ð£ºESP´«ÊäģʽÖУ¬IPЭÒéÍ·±»µ÷Õûµ½Êý¾Ý±¨×ó±ß£¬²¢²åÈëESPЭÒéÍ·¡£ESPЭÒéβÒÔ¼°ICV (ÍêÕûÐÔУÑéÖµ£¬ÓÃÓÚÈÏÖ¤)±»¸½¼ÓÔÚÊý¾Ý±¨Ä©¶Ë¡£Èç¹ûÐèÒª¼ÓÃÜ£¬½ö¶ÔԭʼÊý¾ÝºÍеÄESPЭÒéβ½øÐмÓÃÜ¡£ÈÏÖ¤´ÓESPЭÒéÍ·Ò»Ö±ÑÓÉìµ½ESPЭÒéβ¡£ÔÚESPËíµÀģʽÏ£¬Ô­Êý¾Ý°ü£¨°üÀ¨Ô­IP±¨Í·ºÍÊý¾Ý£©±»·â×°ÔÚESP±¨Í·ºÍESP±¨Î²Ö®¼ä£¬Íâ±ß¸½ÉÏÁËеÄIP±¨Í·¡£ÔÚÕâÖÖģʽÏ£¬¼ÓÃܲ¿·ÖΪԭIPÊý¾Ý°üºÍESP±¨Î²£¬ÍêÕûÐÔ¼ì²é²¿·ÖΪESP±¨Í·¡¢Ô­IPÊý¾Ý°üÒÔ¼°ESP±¨Î²¡£

7.6µç×ÓÓʼþ´æÔÚÄÄЩ°²È«ÐÔÎÊÌ⣿

´ð£ºµç×ÓÓʼþ°²È«ÎÊÌâÖ÷Òª°üÀ¨Á½¸ö·½Ã棺һÊǵç×ÓÓʼþ·þÎñÆ÷µÄ°²È«£¬°üÀ¨ÍøÂ簲ȫÒÔ¼°ÈçºÎ´Ó·þÎñÆ÷¶Ë·À·¶ºÍ¶Å¾øÀ¬»øÓʼþ¡¢²¡¶¾ÓʼþºÍµöÓãÓʼþµÈ£¬ÕâЩÊǵç×ÓÓʼþ·þÎñµÄ»ù±¾ÒªÇ󣻶þÊǵç×ÓÓʼþÄÚÈÝ°²È«ÐÔµÄÎÊÌ⣬¼´ÈçºÎÈ·±£µç×ÓÓʼþÓû§µÄµç×ÓÓʼþÄÚÈݲ»»á±»·Ç·¨ÇÔÈ¡¡¢·Ç·¨´Û¸Ä¡¢·¢ÐÅ·½ºÍÊÕÐÅ·½²»ÄÜ·ñÈ϶ÔÓʼþµÄ·¢ËͺͽÓÊÕÐÐΪ£¬ÒÔ¼°ÈçºÎ·ÀÖ¹·Ç·¨Óû§µÇ¼ºÏ·¨Óû§µÄµç×ÓÓʼþÕ˺ŵȡ£

7.7 PGP¼ÓÃܵç×ÓÓʼþʱ£¬ÓʼþµÄÖ÷ÌâºÍ¸½¼þÊÇ·ñ±»¼ÓÃÜ£¿ ´ð£ºPGPÔÚ½øÐÐÓʼþ¼ÓÃÜʱ³£³£ÓëÓʼþÊÕ·¢Èí¼þÒ»ÆðʹÓã¬ÈçOutlook Express¡£¼ÓÃÜÓʼþʱ£¬ÓʼþµÄÖ÷Ìâ²»ÄܼÓÃÜ£¬·ñÔò½ÓÊÕ·½²»ÖªµÀÊÇÄĸöÓû§´«µÄÓʼþ£¬¸½¼þÊDZ»¼ÓÃܵġ£

µÚ8ÕÂ

8.1 PKIµÄÖ÷Òª×é³ÉÊÇʲô£¿ËüÃǸ÷×ԵŦÄܸ÷ÊÇʲô£¿

´ð£ºPKIÖ÷Òª×é³É²¿·Ö°üÀ¨£º°üÀ¨PKI²ßÂÔ¡¢ÈíÓ²¼þϵͳ¡¢ÈÏÖ¤»ú¹¹£¨Certificate Authority£¬¼ò³ÆCA£©¡¢×¢²á»ú¹¹£¨Register Authority£¬¼ò³ÆRA£©¡¢Ö¤Êé·¢²¼ÏµÍ³ºÍPKIÓ¦Óýӿڵȡ£½á¹¹Í¼²Î¿¼½Ì²Äͼ7.2ºÍ7.3¡£¸÷×ԵŦÄÜÈçÏ£º

PKI°²È«²ßÂÔ½¨Á¢ºÍ¶¨ÒåÁËÒ»¸öÐÅÏ¢°²È«·½ÃæµÄÖ¸µ¼·½Õ룬ͬʱҲ¶¨ÒåÁËÃÜÂëϵͳʹÓõĴ¦Àí·½·¨ºÍÔ­Ôò¡£

Ö¤Êé»ú¹¹CAÊÇPKIµÄÐÅÈλù´¡£¬Ëü¹ÜÀí¹«Ô¿µÄÕû¸öÉúÃüÖÜÆÚ£¬Æä×÷ÓðüÀ¨£º·¢·ÅÖ¤Êé¡¢¹æ¶¨Ö¤ÊéµÄÓÐЧÆÚºÍͨ¹ý·¢²¼Ö¤Êé³·ÏúÁÐ±í£¨Certificate Revocation Lists£¬¼ò³ÆCRL£©È·±£±ØҪʱ¿ÉÒÔ³·ÏúÖ¤Êé¡£

×¢²á»ú¹¹RAÌṩÓû§ºÍCAÖ®¼äµÄÒ»¸ö½Ó¿Ú£¬Ëü»ñÈ¡²¢ÈÏÖ¤Óû§µÄÉí·Ý£¬ÏòCAÌá³öÖ¤ÊéÇëÇó¡£

Ö¤Êé·¢²¼ÏµÍ³¸ºÔðÖ¤ÊéµÄ·¢·Å£¬Èç¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÓû§×Ô¼º£¬»òÊÇͨ¹ýĿ¼·þÎñ¡£Ä¿Â¼·þÎñÆ÷¿ÉÒÔÊÇÒ»¸ö×éÖ¯ÖÐÏÖ´æµÄ£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔÊÇPKI·½°¸ÖÐÌṩµÄ¡£

PKIÓ¦ÓýӿÚÊÇÌṩÔÚPKIƽ̨֮ÉÏΪËùÓÐÓ¦ÓÃÌṩһÖ¡¢¿ÉÐŵÄʹÓù«Ô¿Ö¤Êé¼°Ïà¹Ø·þÎñµÄ½Ó¿Ú¡£

Ò»¸öPKIϵͳ»¹±ØÐë°üÀ¨ÏàÓ¦µÄÖ¤Êé¿â´æ´¢Ö¤Êé¡£Ö¤Êé´æ´¢¿â°üÀ¨LDAPĿ¼·þÎñÆ÷ºÍÆÕͨÊý¾Ý¿â£¬ÓÃÓÚ¶ÔÓû§ÉêÇë¡¢Ö¤Êé¡¢ÃÜÔ¿¡¢CRLºÍÈÕÖ¾µÈÐÅÏ¢½øÐд洢ºÍ¹ÜÀí£¬²¢Ìá

26

¹©Ò»¶¨µÄ²éѯ¹¦ÄÜ¡£

8.2 ʲôÊǽ»²æÈÏÖ¤£¿Çë¸ø³ö½»²æÈÏÖ¤µÄ¹ý³Ì¡£

´ð£º½»²æÈÏ֤ΪÊôÓÚ²»Í¬CAÓòµÄÓû§ÌṩһÖÖ»¥ÏàÈϿɶԷ½Ö¤ÊéµÄ»úÖÆ£¬ÔÚÔ­±¾Ã»ÓÐÁªÏµµÄCAÖ®¼ä½¨Á¢ÐÅÈιØϵ¡£½»²æÈÏÖ¤»úÖƱ£Ö¤Ò»¸öPKIÍÅÌåµÄÓû§¿ÉÒÔÑéÖ¤ÁíÒ»¸öPKIÍÅÌåµÄÓû§Ö¤Êé¡£ËüÊǽ«ÕâЩÒÔÇ°Î޹صÄCAÁ¬½ÓÔÚÒ»ÆðµÄ»úÖÆ£¬´Ó¶øʹµÃÔÚËüÃǸ÷×ÔÖ÷ÌåȺ֮¼äÄܹ»½øÐа²È«Í¨ÐÅ¡£

½»²æÈÏÖ¤ÓÐÁ½¸ö²Ù×÷£ºÊ×ÏÈÔÚÁ½¸öÓòÖ®¼ä½¨Á¢ÐÅÈιØϵ£¬Õâͨ³£ÊÇÒ»´ÎÐÔ²Ù×÷¡£ÔÚË«·½½»²æÈÏÖ¤µÄÇé¿öÏ£¬Á½¸öCA°²È«µØ½»»»ËûÃǵÄÑéÖ¤ÃÜÔ¿¡£ÕâЩÃÜÔ¿ÓÃÓÚÑéÖ¤ËûÃÇÔÚÖ¤ÊéÉϵÄÇ©Ãû¡£ÎªÁËÍê³ÉÕâ¸ö²Ù×÷£¬Ã¿¸öCAÇ©·¢Ò»ÕÅ°üº¬×Ô¼º¹«Ô¿µÄÖ¤Ê飬¸ÃÖ¤Êé³ÆΪ½»²æÖ¤Êé¡£ºóÐø²Ù×÷ÓÉ¿Í»§¶ËÈí¼þÍê³É£¬Õâ¸ö²Ù×÷°üº¬ÁËÑéÖ¤ÒÑÓɽ»²æÈÏÖ¤µÄCAÇ©·¢µÄÓû§Ö¤ÊéµÄÓÐЧÐÔ£¬Õâ¸ö²Ù×÷ÐèÒª¾­³£Ö´ÐС£¸Ã²Ù×÷±»³ÆΪ¸ú×ÙÐÅÈÎÁ´£¬Á´Ö¸µÃÊǽ»²æÖ¤ÊéÈÏÖ¤Á´±í£¬ÑØ×ÅÕâ¸öÁ´±í¿ÉÒÔ¸ú×ÙËùÓÐÑéÖ¤Óû§Ö¤ÊéµÄCAÃÜÔ¿¡£

8.3 PKIÖÐÓÐÄÄЩ³£¼ûµÄÐÅÈÎÄ£ÐÍ£¿¸÷ÖÖµÄÌصãÊÇʲô£¿

´ð£º(1)²ã´ÎÄ£ÐÍ£ºÈÏÖ¤»ú¹¹µÄÑϸñ²ã´Î½á¹¹¿ÉÒÔÃè»æΪһ¿Ãµ¹×ªµÄÊ÷£¬¸ùÔÚ¶¥ÉÏ£¬Ò¶ÔÚ×îÏÂÃæ¡£ÔÚÕâ¿Ãµ¹×ªµÄÊ÷ÉÏ£¬¸ù´ú±íÒ»¸ö¶ÔÕû¸öPKIÓòÄÚµÄËùÓÐʵÌ嶼ÓÐÌرðÒâÒåµÄCA£¬Í¨³£±»½Ð×ö¸ùCA £¬×÷ΪÐÅÈεĸù»ò¡°ÐÅÈÎꡱ£¬Ò²ÊÇÐÅÈεÄÆðµã¡£ÔÚ¸ùCA µÄÏÂÃæÊÇÁã²ã»ò¶à²ãÖмäCA £¨Ò²±»³Æ×÷×ÓCA £¬ËüÃÇÊÇ´ÓÊôÓÚ¸ùCA£©£¬ÕâЩCA ÓÉÖмä½Úµã´ú±í£¬´ÓÖмä½ÚµãÔÙÉì³ö·ÖÖ§¡£Óë·ÇCA µÄPKʵÌåÏà¶ÔÓ¦µÄÒ¶½Úµãͨ³£±»³Æ×÷ÖÕ¶ËʵÌå»òÖÕ¶ËÓû§¡£

(2)·Ö²¼Ê½ÐÅÈÎÄ£ÐÍ£ºÓëÑϸñ²ã´Î½á¹¹Ïà·´£¬·Ö²¼Ê½ÐÅÈνṹ°ÑÐÅÈηÖÉ¢µ½Á½¸ö»ò¸ü¶à¸öCA ÉÏ¡£¸ü׼ȷµØ˵£¬A °ÑCA1µÄ¹«Ô¿×÷ΪËûµÄÐÅÈÎ꣬¶øB¿ÉÒÔ°ÑCA2 µÄ¹«Ô¿×öΪËûµÄÐÅÈÎê¡£ÒòΪÕâЩCA µÄÃÜÔ¿¶¼×÷ΪÐÅÈÎ꣬Òò´ËÏàÓ¦µÄCA ±ØÐëÊÇÕû¸öPKIȺÌåµÄÒ»¸ö×Ó¼¯Ëù¹¹³ÉµÄÑϸñ²ã´Î½á¹¹µÄ¸ùCA ( CA1£ºÊÇ°üÀ¨A ÔÚÄڵIJã´Î½á¹¹µÄ¸ù£¬CA2ÊÇ°üÀ¨B ÔÚÄڵIJã´Î½á¹¹µÄ¸ù£©¡£ (3) WebÄ£ÐÍÊÇÔÚ»·ÇòÍø(World Wide Web)Éϵ®ÉúµÄ£¬ÒÀÀµÓÚÁ÷ÐеÄä¯ÀÀÆ÷½øÐй¹½¨¡£ÔÚÕâÖÖÄ£ÐÍÖУ¬Ðí¶àCAµÄ¹«Ô¿±»Ô¤×°ÔÚ±ê×¼µÄä¯ÀÀÆ÷ÉÏ¡£ÕâЩ¹«Ô¿È·¶¨ÁËÒ»×éä¯ÀÀÆ÷Óû§×î³õÐÅÈεÄCA¡£¾¡¹ÜÕâ×é¸ùÃÜÔ¿¿ÉÒÔ±»Óû§Ð޸ģ¬È»¶ø¼¸ºõûÓÐÆÕͨÓû§¶ÔÓÚPKIºÍ°²È«ÎÊÌâÄܾ«Í¨µ½¿ÉÒÔ½øÐÐÕâÖÖÐ޸ĵij̶ȡ£WebÄ£ÐÍÔÚ·½±ãÐԺͼòµ¥»¥²Ù×÷ÐÔ·½ÃæÓÐÃ÷ÏÔµÄÓÅÊÆ,µ«ÊÇÒ²´æÔÚһЩ°²È«Òþ»¼¡£

(4) ÔÚÒ»°ã±»³Æ×÷ÒÔÓû§ÎªÖÐÐĵÄÐÅÈÎÄ£ÐÍÖУ¬Ã¿¸öÓû§¶¼¶Ô¾ö¶¨ÐÅÀµÄĸöÖ¤ÊéºÍ¾Ü¾øÄĸöÖ¤ÊéÖ±½ÓÍêÈ«µØ¸ºÔð¡£ÔÚÕâ¸öÐÅÈÎÄ£ÐÍÖУ¬Ã»ÓÐרÃŵÄCAÖÐÐÄ£¬Ã¿¸öÓû§¿ÉÒÔÏòËûËùÐÅÈεÄÈËÇ©·¢¹«Ô¿Ö¤Ê飬ͨ¹ýÕâÑùµÄ·½Ê½½¨Á¢Ò»¸öÐÅÈÎÍø¡£ÒòΪҪÒÀÀµÓÚÓû§×ÔÉíµÄÐÐΪºÍ¾ö²ßÄÜÁ¦£¬Òò´ËÒÔÓû§ÎªÖÐÐĵÄÄ£ÐÍÔÚ¼¼Êõˮƽ½Ï¸ßºÍÀûº¦¹Øϵ¸ß¶ÈÒ»ÖµÄȺÌåÖÐÊÇ¿ÉÐеģ¬µ«ÊÇÔÚÒ»°ãµÄȺÌ壨ÆäÓû§Óм«ÉÙ»òÕßûÓа²È«¼°PKIµÄ¸ÅÄÖÐÊDz»ÏÖʵµÄ¡£ÕâÖÖÄ£ÐÍÒ»°ã²»ÊʺÏÓÃÔÚóÒס¢½ðÈÚ»òÕþ¸®»·¾³ÖУ¬ÒòΪÔÚÕâЩ»·¾³Ï£¬Í¨³£Ï£Íû»òÐèÒª¶ÔÓû§µÄÐÅÈÎʵÐÐijÖÖ¿ØÖÆ£¬ÏÔÈ»ÕâÑùµÄÐÅÈβßÂÔÔÚÒÔÓû§ÎªÖÐÐĵÄÄ£ÐÍÖÐÊDz»¿ÉÄÜʵÏֵġ£

8.4 PKI¿ÉÒÔÌṩÄÄЩ°²È«·þÎñ£¿

´ð£ºPKIÌåϵÌṩµÄ°²È«·þÎñ¹¦ÄÜ£¬°üÀ¨£ºÉí·ÝÈÏÖ¤¡¢ÍêÕûÐÔ¡¢»úÃÜÐÔ¡¢²»¿É·ñÈÏÐÔ¡¢Ê±¼ä´ÁºÍÊý¾ÝµÄ¹«ÕýÐÔ·þÎñ¡£

8.5 X.509±ê×¼µÄÄ¿±êÊÇʲô£¿ ´ð£ºX.509ÊÇÓɹú¼ÊµçÐÅÁªÃËÖƶ¨µÄÊý×ÖÖ¤Êé±ê×¼¡£ÔÚX.500È·±£Óû§Ãû³ÆΨһÐԵĻù´¡ÉÏ£¬

27

X.509ΪX.500Óû§Ãû³ÆÌṩÁËͨÐÅʵÌåµÄÈÏÖ¤»úÖÆ£¬²¢¹æ¶¨ÁËʵÌåÈÏÖ¤¹ý³ÌÖй㷺ÊÊÓõÄÖ¤ÊéÓï·¨ºÍÊý¾Ý½Ó¿Ú¡£

8.6 X.509ÖÐÊÇÈçºÎ³·ÏúÖ¤ÊéµÄ£¿

´ð£ºÍ¨¹ý·¢²¼Ö¤Êé³·ÏúÁÐ±í£¨Certificate Revocation Lists£¬¼ò³ÆCRL£©È·±£±ØҪʱ¿ÉÒÔ³·ÏúÖ¤Êé¡£¶ÔÖ¤Êé³·ÏúÐÅÏ¢µÄ²éѯ£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÔÚÏß²éѯ·½Ê½¡£ÔÚÏßÖ¤Êé״̬ЭÒ飨Online Certificate status Protocol£¬¼ò³ÆOCSP£©ÊÇIETF°ä²¼µÄÓÃÓÚ¼ì²éÊý×ÖÖ¤ÊéÔÚijһ½»Ò×ʱ¼äÊÇ·ñÓÐЧµÄ±ê×¼£¬¿ÉÒÔʵʱ½øÐÐÕâÀà¼ì²é£¬

8.7 Çë¾ßÌåÃèÊö¸ø³öPKIÔÚÍøÂ簲ȫӦÓÃÖеÄλÖü°×÷Óã¿

´ð£ºPKIÊÇÀûÓù«Ô¿ÃÜÂëËã·¨¹¹½¨µÄ°²È«»ù´¡ÉèÊ©£¬ÌṩӦÓòãÃæµÄ°²È«·þÎñ×÷Ϊ°²È«µÄ»ù´¡ÉèÊ©PKIÐèÒªÌṩµÄÊÇ»ù´¡·þÎñ¡£°²È«»ù´¡ÉèÊ©¾ÍÊÇΪÕû¸öÓ¦ÓÃ×éÖ¯Ìṩ°²È«µÄ»ù±¾¿ò¼Ü£¬¿ÉÒÔ±»×éÖ¯ÖÐÈκÎÐèÒª°²È«µÄÓ¦ÓúͶÔÏóʹÓᣠ¶ÔÓÚʹÓù«Ô¿/˽ԿºÍÖ¤ÊéµÈÓ¦ÓÃÖУ¬±ÈÈçÔÚµç×ÓÉÌÎñÖжÔÓû§Éí·ÝµÄÈÏÖ¤£¬ÍøÉÏÒøÐпͻ§ÓëÒøÐÐÖ®¼äµÄÈÏÖ¤ºÍ½»Ò×Ç©Ãû¡¢µç×ÓÓʼþÇ©Ãû¡¢WebÍøÕ¾ÈÏÖ¤µÈ¡£PKIÌṩºÍÖ¤ÊéÏà¹ØµÄ¡°Í¸Ã÷¡±¡°Î޷족µÄ·þÎñ¡£PKI¿ÉÒÔΪÉϲãÓ¦ÓÃÌṩÈÏÖ¤ÐÔ¡¢±£ÃÜÐÔ¡¢Êý¾ÝÍêÕûÐÔ¡¢²»¿É·ñÈÏÐԵȷþÎñ¡£

8.8 Çë¸ø³ö°¸Àý£¬ËµÃ÷»ùÓÚPKIµÄSSLÊÇÈçºÎ¹¤×÷µÄ£¿

´ð£ºÔÚÁ½¸öʵÌå½øÐÐͨÐÅ֮ǰ£¬ÏÈÒª½¨Á¢SSLÁ¬½Ó£¬ÒÔ´ËʵÏÖ¶ÔÓ¦Óòã͸Ã÷µÄ°²È«Í¨ÐÅ¡£ÀûÓÃPKI¼¼Êõ£¬SSLЭÒéÔÊÐíÔÚä¯ÀÀÆ÷ºÍ·þÎñÆ÷Ö®¼ä½øÐмÓÃÜͨÐÅ¡£´ËÍâ·þÎñÆ÷¶ËºÍä¯ÀÀÆ÷¶ËͨÐÅʱ˫·½¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÊý×ÖÖ¤ÊéµÄ½»»¥È·È϶Է½µÄÉí·Ý¡£»ùÓÚPKI¼¼Êõ£¬½áºÏSSLЭÒéºÍÊý×ÖÖ¤Ê飬Ôò¿ÉÒÔ±£Ö¤Web½»Ò׶෽ÃæµÄ°²È«ÐèÇó£¬Ê¹WebÉϵĽ»Ò׺ÍÃæ¶ÔÃæµÄ½»Ò×Ò»Ñù°²È«¡£ »ùÓÚB/S½á¹¹µÄÓ¦ÓÃϵͳ£¬¿Í»§¶Ëͨ¹ýHTTPЭÒé»òSSLЭÒé½øÈëWebServer£¬Ê¹ÓÃWebServer¼æ×öSSLserver¡£Óû§Ê¹ÓõÄÖ¤Êé½»¸øºǫ́µÄÓ¦Ó÷þÎñÆ÷½øÐнâÎö£¬ÓÉÓ¦Ó÷þÎñÆ÷תÏòCAµÄLDAPĿ¼½øÐвéѯ£¬Í¬Ê±CRLÒ²ÔÚÓ¦Ó÷þÎñÆ÷Öд洢ºÍ²éѯ£¬¶ÔÓû§µÄÇ©ÃûµÄÑéÖ¤Ò²ÊÇÔÚÓ¦Ó÷þÎñÆ÷ÖÐÍê³É¡£ÕâÑùµÄÓ¦ÓÃÊʺÏÓû§Á¿½ÏÉÙµÄÇé¿ö¡£

µÚ9ÕÂ

9.1ʲôÊÇ·À»ðǽ?·À»ðǽÄÜ·À²¡¶¾Âð£¿

´ð£º·À»ðǽÊÇλÓÚÒ»¸ö»ò¶à¸ö°²È«µÄÄÚ²¿ÍøÂçºÍ·Ç°²È«µÄÍⲿÍøÂç(ÈçInternet)Ö®¼äµÄ½øÐÐÍøÂç·ÃÎÊ¿ØÖƵÄÍøÂçÉ豸£¨»òϵͳ£©¡£·À»ðǽµÄÄ¿µÄÊÇ·ÀÖ¹²»ÆÚÍûµÄ»òδÊÚȨµÄÓû§ºÍÖ÷»ú·ÃÎÊÄÚ²¿ÍøÂ磬ȷ±£ÄÚ²¿ÍøÕý³£¡¢°²È«µØÔËÐС£·À»ðǽ¿ÉÒÔ·À²¡¶¾£¬µ«²»ÄÜ·ÀËùÓеIJ¡¶¾¡£

9.2¼òÊö·À»ðǽµÄÖ÷Òª¹¦ÄÜ¡£

´ð£º·À»ðǽµÄÖ÷Òª¹¦ÄÜ£º¢Ù¼¯Öеݲȫ¹ÜÀí¡£¢Ú°²È«¾¯±¨¡£¢ÛÖØв¿ÊðÍøÂçµØַת»»¡£¢ÜÉó¼ÆºÍ¼Ç¼ÍøÂçµÄ·ÃÎʼ°Ê¹ÓÃÇé¿ö¡£¢ÝÏòÍâ·¢²¼ÐÅÏ¢¡£

9.3¼òÊö·À»ðǽµÄ·ÖÀà¡£

´ð£º¸ù¾ÝÎïÀíÌØÐÔ£¬·À»ðǽ¿É·ÖΪÁ½´óÀࣺÈí¼þ·À»ðǽºÍÓ²¼þ·À»ðǽ¡£´Ó½á¹¹ÉÏÓÖ¿É·ÖΪµ¥Ò»Ö÷»ú·À»ðǽ¡¢Â·Óɼ¯³Éʽ·À»ðǽºÍ·Ö²¼Ê½·À»ðǽÈýÖÖ¡£°´¹¤×÷λÖÿɷÖΪ±ß½ç·À»ðǽ¡¢¸öÈË·À»ðǽºÍ»ìºÏ·À»ðǽ¡£°´·À»ðǽÐÔÄÜ¿É·ÖΪ°ÙÕ×¼¶·À»ðǽºÍǧÕ×¼¶·À»ðǽÁ½Àà¡£´ÓʵÏÖ¼¼ÊõÉÏ·Ö£¬·À»ðǽ¿É·ÖΪÁ½´óÀ༼Êõ£ºÊý¾Ý°ü¹ýÂ˼¼ÊõºÍ´úÀí·þÎñ¡£

28

9.4¼òÊö·À»ðǽµÄ¾ÖÏÞÐÔ¡£ ´ð£º·À»ðǽµÄ¾ÖÏÞÐÔÖ÷Òª±íÏÖÔÚÒÔϼ¸¸ö·½Ã棺¢Ù·À»ðǽ²»ÄÜ·À·¶²»¾­ÓÉ·À»ðǽµÄ¹¥»÷ºÍÍþв¡£¢Ú²»ÄÜ·ÀÓùÒѾ­ÊÚȨµÄ·ÃÎÊ£¬ÒÔ¼°´æÔÚÓÚÍøÂçÄÚ²¿ÏµÍ³¼äµÄ¹¥»÷£¬²»ÄÜ·ÀÓùºÏ·¨Óû§¶ñÒâµÄ¹¥»÷ÒÔ¼°Éç½»¹¥»÷µÈ·ÇÔ¤ÆÚµÄÍþв¡£¢Û·À»ðǽ²»ÄÜ·ÀÖ¹¸ÐȾÁ˲¡¶¾µÄÈí¼þ»òÎļþµÄ´«Êä¡£¢Ü·À»ðǽ²»ÄÜ·ÀÖ¹Êý¾ÝÇý¶¯Ê½¹¥»÷¡£¢Ý²»ÄÜÐÞ¸´´àÈõµÄ¹ÜÀí´ëÊ©ºÍ´æÔÚÎÊÌâµÄ°²È«²ßÂÔ¡£

9.5ÔõÑùͨ¹ý·À»ðǽ½øÐÐÊý¾Ý°ü¹ýÂË£¿

´ð£ºÔÚ´ó¶àÊýÇé¿öÏ£¬Êý¾Ý°ü¹ýÂËÊÇÓÃÉèÖÃÁ˹ýÂ˹æÔòµÄ·ÓÉÆ÷À´ÊµÏֵġ£µ±Ò»¸öÊý¾Ý°üµ½´ïÁËÒ»¸ö°ü¹ýÂË·ÓÉÆ÷£¬¸Ã·ÓÉÆ÷±ã´Ó°üÊײ¿½ØÈ¡Ìض¨ÐÅÏ¢£¬È»ºóÒÀ¾Ý¹ýÂ˹æÔòÅж¨¸Ã°üÊÇ·ñ¿Éͨ¹ý»ò¶ªÆú¡£Ò»°ã´Ó°üÊײ¿½ØÈ¡µÄÐÅÏ¢ÓУºÔ´IPµØÖ·¡¢Ä¿µÄIPµØÖ·¡¢TCP/UDPÔ´¶Ë¿ÚºÅ¡¢TCP/UDPÄ¿µÄ¶Ë¿ÚºÅ¡¢ICMPÐÅÏ¢ÀàÐÍ¡¢·âװЭÒéÐÅÏ¢£¨TCP£¬UDP£¬ICMP»òIPËíµÀ£©µÈ¡£

9.6´úÀí·þÎñÆ÷·À»ðǽÊÇÈçºÎʵÏֵģ¿ ´ð£º´úÀí·þÎñÆ÷ÔÚÍøÂçÓ¦ÓòãÌṩÊÚȨ¼ì²é¼°´úÀí·þÎñ¡£µ±´úÀí·þÎñÆ÷µÃµ½Ò»¸ö¿Í»§µÄÁ¬½ÓÒâͼʱ£¬ËüÃǽ«ºËʵ¿Í»§ÇëÇ󣬲¢¾­¹ýÌض¨µÄ°²È«»¯µÄProxyÓ¦ÓóÌÐò´¦ÀíÁ¬½ÓÇëÇ󣬽«´¦ÀíºóµÄÇëÇ󴫵ݵ½ÕæʵµÄ·þÎñÆ÷ÉÏ£¬È»ºó½ÓÊܸ÷þÎñÆ÷µÄÓ¦´ð£¬²¢×ö½øÒ»²½´¦Àíºó£¬½«´ð¸´½»¸ø·¢³öÇëÇóµÄ×îÖÕ¿Í»§¡£

9.7¼ÙÈçÒ»¸ö¹«Ë¾Ï£ÍûʵÏÖÒ»¸ö¸ß°²È«ÐÔÄܵķÀ»ðǽÀ´¸ôÀëÓû§×ö³öµÄÄÚ²¿ºÍÍⲿÇëÇó£¬Ä㽫ÍƼöÄÄÖÖÌåϵ½á¹¹µÄ·À»ðǽ£¿ ´ð£ºÆÁ±Î×ÓÍø·À»ðǽÔÚËùÓв»Í¬ÀàÐ͵ķÀ»ðǽ½á¹¹ÖÐÄܹ»Ìṩ×î¸ß¼¶±ðµÄ°²È«ÐÔÄÜ£¬ËùÒÔÑ¡Ëü¡£

µÚ10ÕÂ

10.1ʲô½ÐÈëÇÖ¼ì²â£¿ ´ð£ºÈëÇÖ¼ì²âÊÇָͨ¹ý¶ÔÐÐΪ¡¢°²È«ÈÕÖ¾»òÉó¼ÆÊý¾Ý»òÆäËüÍøÂçÉÏ¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃµÄÐÅÏ¢½øÐвÙ×÷£¬¼ì²âµ½¶ÔϵͳµÄ´³Èë»ò´³ÈëµÄÆóͼ¡£

10.2Ò»¸öÈëÇÖ¼ì²âϵͳ£¨IDS£©Í¨³£ÓÉÄļ¸¸ö²¿·Ö×é³É£¿

´ð£ºÒ»¸öÈëÇÖ¼ì²âϵͳͨ³£ÓÉÈý¸ö²¿·Ö×é³É£º¢ÙÌṩʼþ¼Ç¼Á÷µÄÐÅÏ¢×ÊÔ´£»¢Ú·¢ÏÖÈëÇÖʼþµÄ·ÖÎöÒýÇ棻¢Û¶Ô·ÖÎöÒýÇæµÄÊä³ö×ö³ö·´Ó¦µÄÏìÓ¦×é¼þ¡£

10.3¸ù¾ÝÊý¾ÝÔ´µÄ²»Í¬£¬ÈëÇÖ¼ì²âϵͳ¿É·ÖΪÄļ¸Àࣿ¸÷ÓкÎÌص㣿

´ð£º¸ù¾ÝÊý¾ÝÔ´µÄ²»Í¬£¬Í¨³£¿ÉÒÔ·ÖΪ»ùÓÚÖ÷»úµÄÈëÇÖ¼ì²âϵͳ¡¢»ùÓÚÍøÂçµÄÈëÇÖ¼ì²âϵͳºÍ·Ö²¼Ê½ÈëÇÖ¼ì²âϵͳÈýÖÖ¡£»ùÓÚÖ÷»úµÄÈëÇÖ¼ì²âͨ³£´ÓÖ÷»úµÄÉó¼Æ¼Ç¼ºÍÈÕÖ¾ÎļþÖлñµÃËùÐèµÄÖ÷ÒªÊý¾Ý£¬²¢¸¨Ö®ÒÔÖ÷»úÉϵÄÆäËûÐÅÏ¢£¬ÀýÈçÎļþϵͳÊôÐÔ¡¢½ø³Ì״̬µÈ£¬ÔÚ´Ë»ù´¡ÉÏÍê³É¼ì²â¹¥»÷ÐÐΪµÄÈÎÎñ¡£»ùÓÚÍøÂçµÄÈëÇÖ¼ì²âϵͳÊÇͨ¹ý¼àÌýÍøÂçÖеÄÊý¾Ý°üÀ´»ñµÃ±ØÒªµÄÊý¾ÝÀ´Ô´£¬²¢Í¨¹ýЭÒé·ÖÎö¡¢ÌØÕ÷Æ¥Å䡢ͳ¼Æ·ÖÎöµÈÊֶη¢ÏÖµ±Ç°·¢ÉúµÄ¹¥»÷ÐÐΪµÄ¡£·Ö²¼Ê½ÈëÇÖ¼ì²âϵͳÊÇÄܹ»Í¬Ê±·ÖÎöÀ´×ÔÖ÷»úϵͳÉó¼ÆÈÕÖ¾ºÍÍøÂçÊý¾ÝÁ÷µÄÈëÇÖ¼ì²âϵͳ¡£

10.4±È½ÏÒì³£¼ì²âºÍÎóÓüì²â·½·¨µÄÒìͬ¡£

´ð£ºÔÚÎóÓüì²âÖУ¬ÈëÇÖ¹ý³ÌÄ£Ðͼ°ËüÔÚ±»¹Û²ìϵͳÖÐÁôϵÄ×Ù¼£ÊǾö²ßµÄ»ù´¡¡£Í¨¹ýÊÂÏȶ¨ÒåijЩÌØÕ÷µÄÐÐΪÊÇ·Ç·¨µÄ£¬È»ºó½«¹Û²ì¶ÔÏóÓëÖ®½øÐбȽÏÒÔ×ö³öÅбð¡£ÎóÓüì²â»ùÓÚ¼ºÖªµÄϵͳȱÏݺÍÈëÇÖģʽ£¬ËüÄܹ»×¼È·µØ¼ì²âµ½Ä³Ð©ÌØÕ÷µÄ¹¥»÷£¬µ«È´¹ý¶ÈÒÀÀµÊÂÏȶ¨ÒåºÃ

29

µÄ°²È«²ßÂÔ£¬ËùÒÔÎÞ·¨¼ì²âϵͳδ֪µÄ¹¥»÷ÐÐΪ£¬´Ó¶ø²úÉú©±¨¡£ÔÚÒì³£¼ì²âÖУ¬¹Û²ìµ½µÄ²»ÊǼºÖªµÄÈëÇÖÐÐΪ£¬¶øÊÇËùÑо¿µÄͨÐŹý³ÌÖеÄÒì³£ÏÖÏó£¬Ëüͨ¹ý¼ì²âϵͳµÄÐÐΪ»òʹÓÃÇé¿öµÄ±ä»¯À´Íê³É¡£Í¨¹ý½¨Á¢Õý³£ÂÖÀª£¬Ã÷È·Ëù¹Û²ì¶ÔÏóµÄÕý³£Çé¿ö£¬È»ºó¾ö¶¨ÔÚºÎÖ̶ֳÈÉϽ«Ò»¸öÐÐΪ±êΪ¡°Òì³£¡±£¬²¢ÈçºÎ×ö³ö¾ßÌå¾ö²ß¡£Òì³£¼ì²â¿ÉÒÔʶ±ð³öÄÇЩÓëÕý³£¹ý³ÌÓнϴóÆ«²îµÄÐÐΪ£¬µ«ÎÞ·¨ÖªµÀ¾ßÌåµÄÈëÇÖÇé¿ö¡£ÓÉÓÚ¶Ô¸÷ÖÖÍøÂç»·¾³µÄÊÊÓ¦ÐÔ²»Ç¿£¬ÇÒȱ·¦¾«È·µÄÅж¨×¼Ôò£¬Òì³£¼ì²â¾­³£»á³öÏÖÐ龯Çé¿ö£¬µ«¿ÉÒÔ¼ì²âµ½ÏµÍ³Î´ÖªµÄ¹¥»÷ÐÐΪ¡£

10.5»ùÓÚÊý¾ÝÍÚ¾òµÄÒì³£¼ì²â·½·¨µÄ˼ÏëÊÇʲô£¿

´ð£º»ùÓÚÊý¾ÝÍÚ¾òµÄÒì³£¼ì²âÒÔÊý¾ÝΪÖÐÐÄ£¬°ÑÈëÇÖ¼ì²â¿´³ÉÒ»¸öÊý¾Ý·ÖÎö¹ý³Ì£¬ÀûÓÃÊý¾ÝÍÚ¾òµÄ·½·¨´ÓÉó¼ÆÊý¾Ý»òÊý¾ÝÁ÷ÖÐÌáÈ¡³ö¸ÐÐËȤµÄ֪ʶ£¬ÕâЩ֪ʶÊÇÒþº¬µÄ¡¢ÊÂÏÈδ֪µÄDZÔÚÓÐÓÃÐÅÏ¢£¬ÌáÈ¡µÄ֪ʶ±íʾΪ¸ÅÄî¡¢¹æÔò¡¢¹æÂÉ¡¢Ä£Ê½µÈÐÎʽ£¬²¢ÓÃÕâЩ֪ʶȥ¼ì²âÒì³£ÈëÇÖºÍÒÑÖªµÄÈëÇÖ¡£

10.6 ¼òÊöÈëÇÖ¼ì²âϵͳÓëÈëÇÖ·ÀÓùϵͳµÄÒìͬ¡£

´ð£ºIPSÓëIDSÔÚ¼ì²â·½ÃæµÄÔ­ÀíÏàͬ£¬Ê×ÏÈÓÉÐÅÏ¢²É¼¯Ä£¿éʵʩÐÅÏ¢ÊÕ¼¯£¬ÄÚÈÝ°üÀ¨ÏµÍ³¡¢ÍøÂç¡¢Êý¾Ý¼°Óû§»î¶¯µÄ״̬ºÍÐÐΪ£¬È»ºóÀûÓÃģʽƥÅ䡢ЭÒé·ÖÎö¡¢Í³¼Æ·ÖÎöºÍÍêÕûÐÔ·ÖÎöµÈ¼¼ÊõÊֶΣ¬ÓÉÐźŷÖÎöÄ£¿é¶ÔÊÕ¼¯µ½µÄÓйØϵͳ¡¢ÍøÂç¡¢Êý¾Ý¼°Óû§»î¶¯µÄ״̬ºÍÐÐΪµÈÐÅÏ¢½øÐзÖÎö£»×îºóÓÉ·´Ó¦Ä£¿é¶Ô·ÖÎö½á¹û×ö³öÏàÓ¦µÄ·´Ó¦¡£

IPSÓëIDSÖ÷ÒªµÄ²»Í¬µãÓУº£¨1£©ÈëÇÖ¼ì²âϵͳµÄ¹¦ÄÜÊÇͨ¹ý¼àÊÓÍøÂçºÍϵͳÖеÄÊý¾ÝÁ÷£¬¼ì²âÊÇ·ñ´æÔÚÓÐÎ¥·´°²È«²ßÂÔµÄÐÐΪ»òÆóͼ£¬ÈôÓÐÔò·¢³ö¾¯±¨Í¨Öª¹ÜÀíÔ±²ÉÈ¡´ëÊ©£»IPSÄܹ»ÌṩÖ÷¶¯ÐԵķÀÓù£¬ÔÚÓöµ½¹¥»÷ʱÄܹ»¼ì²â²¢³¢ÊÔ×èÖ¹ÈëÇÖ¡££¨2£©IPS´®ÁªÔÚÍøÂçÉÏ£¬ÀûÓÃÁËOSI²Î¿¼Ä£Ð͵ÄËùÓÐÆß²ãÐÅÏ¢£¬¶Ô¹¥»÷½øÐйýÂË£¬ÌṩÁËÒ»ÖÖÖ÷¶¯µÄ¡¢»ý¼«µÄÈëÇÖ·À·¶¡£¶øIDSÖ»ÊÇÅÔ·²¢Áª°²×°£¬¼ì²âÈëÇÖÐÐΪ¡££¨3£©IDSʹÓ÷ÇÈ·¶¨ÐԵķ½·¨´ÓÏÖÔÚºÍÀúÊ·µÄͨÐÅÁ÷ÖвéÕÒÍþв»òÕßDZÔÚµÄÍþв£¬°üÀ¨Ö´ÐÐͨÐÅÁ÷¡¢Í¨ÐÅģʽºÍÒì³£»î¶¯µÄͳ¼Æ·ÖÎö¡£IPS±ØÐëÊÇÈ·¶¨ÐԵģ¬ËüËùÖ´ÐеÄËùÓжªÆúͨÐÅ°üµÄÐÐΪ±ØÐëÊÇÕýÈ·µÄ¡£

10.7 ¼òÊöÈëÇÖ·ÀÓùϵͳµÄ¹¤×÷Ô­Àí¡£

´ð£ºIPSͨ¹ýÒ»¸öÍøÂç¶Ë¿Ú½ÓÊÕÀ´×ÔÍⲿϵͳµÄÁ÷Á¿£¬Êý¾ÝÁ÷¾­¹ýIPS´¦ÀíÒýÇæ½øÐдó¹æÄ£²¢ÐÐÉî²ã¼ì²â£¬¼ì²éÈ·ÈÏÆäÖв»°üº¬Òì³£»î¶¯»ò¿ÉÒÉÄÚÈݺó£¬ÔÙͨ¹ýÁíÍâÒ»¸ö¶Ë¿Ú½«Ëü´«Ë͵½ÄÚ²¿ÏµÍ³ÖС£IPS Êý¾Ý°ü´¦ÀíÒýÇæÊÇרҵ»¯¶¨ÖƵļ¯³Éµç·£¬ÀïÃæ°üº¬Ðí¶àÖÖÀàµÄ¹ýÂËÆ÷£¬Ã¿ÖÖ¹ýÂËÆ÷²ÉÓò¢Ðд¦Àí¼ì²âºÍЭÒéÖØ×é·ÖÎöµÄ¹¤×÷·½Ê½£¬·ÖÎöÏà¶ÔÀàÐ͵ÄÊý¾Ý°ü£¬Éî²ã¼ì²éÊý¾Ý°üµÄÄÚÈÝ¡£µ±Êý¾ÝÁ÷½øÈëIPSÒýÇæÖ®ºó£¬µÚ1²½£¬Ê×ÏȶÔÿ¸öÊý¾Ý°ü½øÐÐÖðÒ»×ֽڵؼì²é£¬Òì³£µÄÊý¾Ý°ü±»¶ªÆú£¬Í¨¹ý¼ì²éµÄÊý¾Ý°üÒÀ¾Ý±¨Í·ÐÅÏ¢£¬ÈçÔ´IPµØÖ·¡¢Ä¿µÄIPµØÖ·¡¢¶Ë¿ÚºÅºÍÓ¦ÓÃÓòµÈ½øÐзÖÀ࣬²¢¼Ç¼Êý¾ÝÁ÷µÄ״̬ÐÅÏ¢¡£µÚ2²½£¬¸ù¾ÝÊý¾Ý°üµÄ·ÖÀ࣬Ïà¹ØµÄ¹ýÂËÆ÷½øÐÐɸѡ£¬ÈôÈκÎÊý¾Ý°ü·ûºÏÆ¥ÅäÌõ¼þ£¬Ôò±ê־ΪÃüÖС£µÚ3²½£¬±ê־Ϊ¡°ÃüÖС±µÄÊý¾Ý°ü»á±»¶ªÆú£¬¼ì²â°²È«µÄÊý¾Ý°ü¿ÉÒÔ¼ÌÐøÇ°½ø¡£µÚ4²½£¬ÃüÖÐÊý¾Ý°ü¶ªÆúʱ£¬ÓëÖ®Ïà¹ØµÄÁ÷״̬ÐÅÏ¢Ò²»á±»¸üУ¬Ö¸Ê¾IPS¶ªÆú¸ÃÁ÷ÖÐÆäÓàµÄËùÓÐÄÚÈÝ¡£

µÚ11ÕÂ

11.1¼ÆËã»ú²¡¶¾µÄÌØÕ÷ÓÐÄÄЩ£¿Ëü»ù±¾·ÖΪÄÄЩÀàÐÍ£¿

´ð£º¸ù¾Ý·ÖÎö¼ÆËã»ú²¡¶¾µÄ²úÉú¡¢´«²¥ºÍÆÆ»µÐÐΪ£¬¿ÉÒÔ½«ËüµÄÖ÷ÒªÌØÕ÷¸ÅÀ¨Îª£º´«È¾ÐÔ¡¢Ç±·üÐÔ¡¢Òþ±ÎÐÔ¡¢¶à̬ÐÔºÍÆÆ»µÐÔ¡£»ù±¾ÀàÐÍÓУº¸ÐȾÎļþÐͲ¡¶¾¡¢¸ÐȾÒýµ¼ÇøÐͲ¡¶¾¡¢ºê²¡¶¾¡¢¶ñ×÷¾çµç×ÓÓʼþºÍ±äÐβ¡¶¾µÈ¡£

30

11.2¼ÆËã»ú²¡¶¾µÄ½á¹¹°üÀ¨ÄÄЩģ¿é£¿¸÷¸öÄ£¿éÊÇÈçºÎ¹¤×÷µÄ£¿

´ð£º¼ÆËã»ú²¡¶¾Ò»°ãÓÉÈý¸öÄ£¿é¹¹³É£ºÒýµ¼Ä£¿é¡¢¸ÐȾģ¿éºÍÆÆ»µÄ£¿é¡£

Òýµ¼Ä£¿éÊǼÆËã»ú²¡¶¾µÄ¿ØÖÆÖÐÐÄ£¬µ±³ÌÐò¿ªÊ¼¹¤×÷ʱ½«²¡¶¾³ÌÐò´ÓÍâ´æÒýÈëÄڴ棬ʹ²¡¶¾µÄ¸ÐȾģ¿éºÍÆÆ»µÄ£¿é´¦Óڻ״̬£¬µ±´¥·¢Ìõ¼þÂú×ãʱ£¬²¡¶¾»á°´ÕÕÉè¼ÆµÄ³ÌÐòÈ¥µ÷ÓÃÆÆ»µÄ£¿é·¢¶¯¹¥»÷¡£

¸ÐȾģ¿éÊÇÍê³É¼ÆËã»ú²¡¶¾µÄÀ©É¢¹¦ÄÜ¡£ËüÑ°ÕÒµ½¸ÐȾĿ±êºó£¬ÅжÏÄ¿±êÊÇ·ñÒѱ»¸ÐȾ£¬ÈôÄ¿±êδ¸ÐȾÔòÍê³É¸ÐȾ¹¤×÷¡£ ÆÆ»µÄ£¿éÊǼÆËã»ú²¡¶¾µÄºËÐIJ¿·Ö£¬ËüÍê³ÉÉè¼ÆÕßµÄÆÆ»µ³õÖÔ¡£Ê×ÏÈÅжϳÌÐòÔËÐйý³ÌÖÐÊÇ·ñ³öÏÖÁËÂú×㲡¶¾´¥·¢Ìõ¼þµÄÇé¿ö£¬ÈôÂú×ãÔòµ÷ÓÃÆÆ»µ³ÌÐòµÄ¹¦ÄÜ£¬±ÈÈçɾ³ý³ÌÐò£¬¸Äд´ÅÅÌÉϵÄÎļþÄÚÈݵȡ£

11.3ʲôÊÇÈä³æ²¡¶¾£¿ËüÓëÒ»°ã¼ÆËã»ú²¡¶¾Ö®¼äµÄÁªÏµºÍÇø±ðÓÐÄÄЩ£¿ ´ð£ºÈä³æ²¡¶¾ÊÇ×Ô°üº¬µÄ³ÌÐò(»òÊÇÒ»Ì׳ÌÐò),Ëüͨ³£ÊǾ­¹ýijÖÖÍøÂçÁ¬½Ó½«×ÔÉí´Óһ̨¼ÆËã»ú·Ö·¢µ½ÆäËû¼ÆËã»úϵͳÖС£

Èä³æ²¡¶¾¾ßÓÐÒ»°ã¼ÆËã»ú²¡¶¾µÄһЩ¹²ÐÔ£¬Èç¸ÐȾÐÔ¡¢Òþ±ÎÐÔ¡¢ÆÆ»µÐԵȣ¬¶¼¹¥»÷¼ÆËã»úϵͳ¡£

Èä³æ²¡¶¾ÓëÒ»°ã¼ÆËã»ú²¡¶¾²»Í¬µÄÊÇ£¬ËüÀûÓüÆËã»úϵͳµÄ©¶´Ö÷¶¯¹¥»÷ÍøÂç¼ÆËã»ú£¬´«²¥·½Ê½ÊDzÉÓÃÍøÂçÁ¬½Ó»òµç×ÓÓʼþ·½Ê½ÓÉһ̨¼ÆËã»ú×ÔÎÒ¸´ÖƵ½ÁíÍâһ̨¼ÆËã»ú£¬²»¸ÐȾÎļþ£¬¶øÒ»°ã²¡¶¾±ØÐëÒÔÆäËû³ÌÐòÎļþΪËÞÖ÷Îļþ½øÐÐÒÀ¸½¸ÐȾºÍ´«²¥¡£

Èä³æºÍÒ»°ã²¡¶¾Ö®¼äµÄÇø±ð ´æÔÚÐÎʽ ¸´ÖÆ·½Ê½ ¸ÐȾ·½Ê½ ¸ÐȾĿ±ê ´¥·¢¸ÐȾ Ó°ÏìÖصã Óû§ ·ÀÖ¹´ëÊ© Èä³æ ¶ÀÁ¢³ÌÐò ×ÔÎÒ¸´ÖÆ Ö÷¶¯¹¥»÷ ÍøÂçÉÏÆäËû¼ÆËã»ú ³ÌÐò×ÔÉí ÍøÂ硢ϵͳÐÔÄÜ ÎÞ¹Ø ÎªÏµÍ³Â©¶´´ò²¹¶¡ Ò»°ã²¡¶¾ ¼ÄÉú ǶÈëµ½ËÞÖ÷³ÌÐò£¨Îļþ£©ÖÐ ËÞÖ÷³ÌÐòÔËÐÐ ±¾µØÎļþ ¼ÆËã»úʹÓÃÕß Îļþϵͳ ²¡¶¾´«²¥µÄ¹Ø¼ü»·½Ú ´ÓËÞÖ÷ÎļþÖÐÇå³ý 11.4ʲôÊÇÌØÂåÒÁľÂí²¡¶¾£¿ËüÊÇÈçºÎ¹¤×÷µÄ£¿

´ð£ºÄ¾ÂíÊÇÒ»ÖÖαװ³ÉÕý³£³ÌÐòµÄ¶ñÒâ´úÂ롣ľÂí³ÌÐò±íÃæÉÏ¿´ÓÐÓûòÎÞº¦£¬µ«È´°üº¬ÁËΪÍê³ÉÌØÊâÈÎÎñ¶ø±àÖƵĴúÂ룬±ÈÈçÔÚϵͳÖÐÌṩºóÃÅʹºÚ¿Í¿ÉÒÔÇÔÈ¡Êý¾Ý¡¢¸ü¸ÄϵͳÅäÖûòʵʩÆÆ»µµÈ£¬ÕâЩÌØÊ⹦ÄÜ´¦ÓÚÒþ±Î״̬£¬Ö´ÐÐʱ²»ÎªÈËÖª¡£

´Ó¹ý³ÌÉÏ¿´Ä¾ÂíÈëÇÖ´óÖ¿ɷÖΪÁù²½£º 1. ÅäÖÃľÂí£¬Ä¾ÂíÅäÖóÌÐòΪÁËÔÚ·þÎñ¶Ë¾¡¿ÉÄܵÄÒþ²ØľÂí£¬»á²ÉÓöàÖÖαװÊֶΣ¬ÈçÐÞ¸Äͼ±ê£¬À¦°óÎļþµÈ¡£ÁíÍâľÂíÅäÖóÌÐò½«¾ÍÐÅÏ¢·´À¡µÄ·½Ê½»òµØÖ·½øÐÐÉèÖã¬ÈçÉèÖÃÐÅÏ¢·´À¡µÄÓʼþµØÖ·µÈ¡£2. ´«²¥Ä¾Âí£¬´«²¥·½Ê½Ö÷ÒªÓÐÁ½ÖÖ£ºÒ»ÖÖÊÇͨ¹ýE-MAIL£¬ÁíÒ»ÖÖÊÇÈí¼þÏÂÔØ£¬´ò¿ªÓʼþ»òÕßÏÂÔغó£¬Ö»ÒªÔËÐÐÕâЩ³ÌÐò£¬Ä¾Âí¾Í»á×Ô¶¯°²×°¡£3. ÔËÐÐľÂí£¬·þÎñ¶ËÓû§ÔËÐÐľÂí»òÀ¦°óľÂíµÄ³ÌÐòºó£¬Ä¾Âí¾Í»á×Ô¶¯½øÐа²×°¡£°²×°ºó¾Í¿ÉÒÔÆô¶¯Ä¾ÂíÁË¡£ 4. ÐÅϢй¶£¬Ä¾Âí³É¹¦°²×°ºó»áÊÕ¼¯Ò»Ð©·þÎñ¶ËµÄÈíÓ²¼þÐÅÏ¢£¬²¢Í¨¹ýE-MAIL£¬IRC»òICOµÄ·½Ê½¸æÖª¿ØÖƶËÓû§¡£ 5. ½¨Á¢Á¬½Ó£¬ÔÚ·þÎñ¶ËÒÑ°²×°ÁËľÂí³ÌÐòºÍ¿ØÖƶˣ¬·þÎñ¶Ë¶¼ÒªÔÚÏßµÄÇé¿öÏ£¬¿ØÖƶ˿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýľÂí¶Ë¿ÚÓë·þÎñ¶Ë½¨Á¢Á¬½Ó¡£ 6. Ô¶³Ì¿ØÖÆ£¬Ä¾ÂíÁ¬½Ó½¨Á¢ºó£¬¿ØÖƶ˶˿ںÍľÂí¶Ë¿ÚÖ®¼ä½«»á³öÏÖÒ»ÌõͨµÀ¡£¿ØÖƶËÉϵĿØÖƶ˳ÌÐò¿É½åÕâÌõͨµÀÓë·þÎñ¶ËÉϵÄľÂí³ÌÐòÈ¡µÃÁªÏµ£¬²¢Í¨¹ýľÂí³ÌÐò¶Ô·þÎñ¶Ë½øÐÐÔ¶³Ì¿ØÖÆ¡£

31

11.5¼ÆËã»ú²¡¶¾µÄ·ÀÖδëÊ©ÓÐÄÄЩ£¿Èä³æºÍľÂíÊÇÈçºÎ·ÀÖεģ¿

´ð£º¼ÆËã»ú²¡¶¾µÄ·ÀÖμ¼Êõ´óÖ¿ÉÒÔ·ÖΪÈý¸ö·½Ã棺Ԥ·À²¡¶¾¡¢¼ì²â²¡¶¾ºÍÇå³ý²¡¶¾¡£ ¶ÔÓÚÈä³æµÄ·ÀÖοÉÒÔ²ÉÓÃÒÔÏÂÖ÷Òª´ëÊ©£º

(1)ÐÞ²¹ÏµÍ³Â©¶´¼°Ê±ÏÂÔØϵͳ©¶´²¹¶¡³ÌÐò£¬²¢¼°Ê±Éý¼¶ÏµÍ³£»

(2)ÉèÖ÷À»ðǽ£º½ûÖ¹³ý·þÎñ¶Ë¿ÚÍâµÄÆäËü¶Ë¿Ú£¬ÇжÏÈä³æµÄ´«ÊäͨµÀºÍͨÐÅͨµÀ£» (3)¶ÔÓʼþ½øÐмà¿Ø£¬·ÀÖ¹´ø¶¾Óʼþ½øÐд«²¥£»

(4)½¨Á¢¾ÖÓòÍøÄÚ²¿µÄÉý¼¶ÏµÍ³°üÀ¨¸÷ÖÖ²Ù×÷ϵͳ²¹¶¡³ÌÐòÉý¼¶¡¢¸÷ÖÖ³£ÓõÄÓ¦ÓÃÈí¼þÉý¼¶¡¢¸÷ÖÖɱ¶¾Èí¼þ²¡¶¾¿âµÄÉý¼¶µÈµÈ£»

(5)½¨Á¢ÔÖÄѱ¸·Ýϵͳ¶ÔÓÚÊý¾Ý¿âºÍÊý¾Ýϵͳ£¬±ØÐë²ÉÓö¨ÆÚ±¸·Ý¡¢¶à»ú±¸·Ý´ëÊ©£¬·ÀÖ¹ÒâÍâÔÖÄÑϵÄÊý¾Ý¶ªÊ§£»

(6) ²ÉÓÃÈëÇÖ¼ì²â¼¼Êõ£ºÈëÇÖ¼ì²âÊÇÒ»ÖÖÖ÷¶¯·ÀÓùÍøÂç¹¥»÷µÄ¼¼Êõ£¬²»½öÄÜÖ÷¶¯¼à¿ØÍâÍøµÄ¹¥»÷»¹Äܼà¿ØÀ´×ÔÄÚ²¿µÄ¹¥»÷£¬ÃÖ²¹ÁË·À»ðǽµÄ²»×ã¡£½¨Á¢²¡¶¾¼ì²âϵͳÄܹ»ÔÚµÚһʱ¼äÄÚ¼ì²âµ½ÍøÂçÒì³£ºÍÈä³æ¹¥»÷£¬¶Ô¸ÐȾÈä³æµÄ»úÆ÷¼°Ê±¶Ï¿ª£»

(7)ɾ³ýÈä³æÒªÀûÓõijÌÐò£ºÉ¾³ý»òÖØÃüÃû¿Í»§¶ËÉÏ´«³ÌÐò£ºÈçftp£®exeºÍfftp£®exe£»É¾³ý»òÖØÃüÃûÃüÁî½âÊÍÆ÷£ºÈçUnixϵͳϵÄshell£¬WindowsϵͳϵÄcmd£®exeºÍWScript£®exeµÈ¡£

ÆÕͨľÂí²¡¶¾ÈëÇÖºóÊÖ¹¤Çå³ýµÄ»ù±¾²½ÖèΪ£º £¨1£©¶Ï¿ªÍøÂç¡£

£¨2£©¼ì²é½ø³Ì£¬·¢ÏÖ¿ÉÒɵĽø³ÌÁ¢¼´É±µô¡£

£¨3£©¼ì²é×¢²á±í¡£ÔÚ×¢²á±í¼°ÓëϵͳÆô¶¯ÓйصÄÎļþÀï²éÕÒľÂíÆô¶¯Îļþ£¬Í¨³£Ä¾Âí»áÔÚ×¢²á±íµÄ¡°RUN¡±¡¢¡°RUN SERVER¡±¡¢¡°LOAD¡±µÈÏîϼÓÈë¼üÖµ£¬Ê¹ÆäÄÜÔÚϵͳÆô¶¯Ê±×Ô¶¯¼ÓÈë¡£

£¨4£©ÔÚϵͳÖÐÕÒµ½Ä¾ÂíÎļþ£¬É¾³ýÎļþ²¢É¾³ý×¢²á±í»òϵͳÆô¶¯ÎļþÖйØÓÚľÂíµÄÐÅÏ¢¡£

£¨5£©°²È«´¦Àí¡£¸ü¸ÄÓû§ÃûºÍÃÜÂ룬°üÀ¨µÇ¼NetworkµÄÓû§Ãû¡¢ÃÜÂë¡¢ÓÊÏäºÍQQÃÜÂëµÈ£¬·ÀÖ¹ºÚ¿ÍÒѾ­ÔÚÉÏ´ÎÈëÇÖ¹ý³ÌÖÐÖªµÀÁËÄãµÄÃÜÂë¡£

µÚ12ÕÂ

12.1ʲôÊÇÎÞÏßÍøÂ磿¸ù¾ÝÍøÂ縲¸Ç·¶Î§¡¢´«ÊäËÙÂʺÍÓÃ;µÄ²îÒ죬ÎÞÏßÍøÂç¿ÉÒÔ·ÖΪÄÄЩÀàÐÍ£¿ ´ð£ºÎÞÏßÍøÂçÊÇÎÞÏß¼¼ÊõÓëÍøÂç¼¼ÊõµÄ½áºÏµÄ²úÎ¼È°üÀ¨ÔÊÐíÓû§½¨Á¢Ô¶¾àÀëÎÞÏßÁ¬½ÓµÄÈ«ÇòÓïÒôºÍÊý¾ÝÍøÂ磬Ҳ°üÀ¨Îª½ü¾àÀëÎÞÏßÁ¬½Ó½øÐÐÓÅ»¯µÄºìÍâÏß¼¼Êõ¼°ÉäƵ¼¼Êõ¡£

¸ù¾ÝÎÞÏßÍøÂ縲¸Ç·¶Î§¡¢´«ÊäËÙÂʺÍÓÃ;µÄ²îÒ죬ÎÞÏßÍøÂç´óÌå¿É·ÖΪÎÞÏß¹ãÓòÍø¡¢ÎÞÏß³ÇÓòÍø¡¢ÎÞÏß¾ÖÓòÍøºÍÎÞÏ߸öÈËÇøÓòÍø¡£

12.2ÎÞÏßÍøÂçÃæÁٵĶÀÌØÍþвÊÇʲô£¿

´ð£ºÎÞÏßÍøÂç´«ÊäÊÇÀûÓõç´Å²¨ÊµÏֵģ¬µç´Å²¨ÔÚ¿Õ¼äÖз¢É¢£¬ÔÚÐźŸ²¸Ç·¶Î§ÄÚµÄËùÓÐÖÕ¶ËÉ豸¶¼¿ÉÒÔ½ÓÊÕµç´Å²¨ËùЯ´øµÄÐÅÏ¢¡£Õâ¸öÌصãʹµÃÎÞÏßÍøÂçÓëÓÐÏßÍøÂçÏà±È£¬´«ÊäµÄÐÅÏ¢¸üÈÝÒ×±»ÇÔÈ¡£¬´øÀ´ºÜ¶à°²È«Íþв£¬°üÀ¨²åÈë¹¥»÷¡¢ÂþÓι¥»÷Õß¡¢ÆÛÕ©ÐÔ½ÓÈëµã¡¢Ë«Ãæ¶ñħ¹¥»÷¡¢ÇÔÈ¡ÍøÂç×ÊÔ´ºÍ¶ÔÎÞÏßͨÐŵĽٳּàÊӵȡ£

12.3ΪÁ˱£ÕÏÎÞÏß¾ÖÓòÍøµÄ°²È«£¬³£Óõݲȫ´ëÊ©ÓÐÄÄЩ£¿

´ð£ºÎÞÏß¾ÖÓòÍø³£Óð²È«»úÖÆÓÐWEP¡¢WPA/WPA2ÒÔ¼°ÎÒ¹ú×ÔÖ÷Ñз¢µÄWAPIµÈ¼ÓÃÜËã·¨

32

ºÍÈÏÖ¤£¬°²×°¸öÈË·À»ðǽ£¬¸ü¸ÄÍøÂç½ÓÈëµÄÓû§ÃûºÍÃÜÂ룬Òþ²ØSSIDºÍMACµØÖ·¹ýÂ˵ȡ£

12.4 ¼òÊöWPA ЭÒéʵÏֵݲȫ²ßÂÔ¡£

´ð£ºWPA ЭÒéÖеÄTKIP Ëã·¨ÊÇÄ¿Ç°ÎÞÏß¾ÖÓòÍøÖнÏWEP ¸ü¼Ó°²È«µÄÒ»¸öËã·¨£¬Ëù²ÉÓõݲȫ²ßÂÔ¿É×ܽáÈçÏ£º

¢Ù²ÉÓÃMichaelµÄÏûÏ¢ÍêÕûÐÔ´úÂëMICÀ´·ÀÖ¹´Û¸Ä¹¥»÷¡£ ¢Ú²ÉÓÃеÄÐòºÅ¹æÔò£¨TSC£©£¬·ÀÖ¹ÖطŹ¥»÷¡£ ¢Û¶Ô¸÷Êý¾Ý°ü²ÉÓò»Í¬ÃÜÔ¿¼ÓÃÜ£¬±ÜÃâÈõÃÜÔ¿¡£ ¢Ü²ÉÓÃÃÜÔ¿¸üлúÖÆ£¬¼°Ê±ÌṩȫеļÓÃÜÃÜÔ¿ºÍÍêÕûÐÔУÑéÃÜÔ¿£¬·ÀÖ¹ÃÜÔ¿ÖØÓôøÀ´µÄ°²È«Íþв¡£

33