Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum and the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses Museum(中英对照) 下载本文

俑坑中出土成百上千件兵器,包括铍、剑、矛、戈、戟、弓、弩、箭镞。这些兵器做工精美,当中许多仍然十分锋利。经过科学分析,发现它们由铜锡合金制成,并掺有十多种其他的金属。虽然被长埋地下达两千多年,它们依旧焕然如新,因为它们表面都涂有铬。这表明秦朝的冶金技术和武器制造技术已经达到相当高的水平。

In December 1980, two teams of large painted bronze chariots and horses were unearthed 20 metres west of the mound of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum. These single shaft four-horse chariots each comprises 3,462 spare parts, and has a body with two compartments, one behind the other, and an elliptical umbrella like canopy. The four horses harnessed to the chariot are 65-67 centimeters tall. The restored bronze chariots and horses are exact imitations of true chariot, horse and driver in half life-size.

1980年12月,在秦始皇陵墓西侧20米的土堆里,出土了两组大型铜马车。这两辆单辕双轮战车零部件多达3462个,车輢有两个隔间,一前一后,顶部有一椭圆形铜伞。这战车前系有四匹65厘米-67厘米高的战马。这辆青铜战车是按真车、真热闹、真马的二分之一的比例缩小制成的。

The chariots and horses are decorated with coloured drawings against white background. They have been fitted with more than 1,500 pieces of gold and silvers and decorations, looking luxurious, splendid and graceful. Probably they were meant for the use of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s soul to go on inspection. The bronze chariots and horses were made by lost wax casting, which shows a high level of technology. For instance, the tortoise-shell-like canopy is about 4mm thick, and the window is only 1mm thick on which are many small holes for ventilation. According to a preliminary study, the technology of manufacturing the bronze chariots and horses has involved casting, welding, reveting, inlaying embedding and chiseling. The excavation of the bronze chariots and horses provides extremely valuable material and data for the textual research of the metallurgical technique, the mechanism of the chariot and technological modeling of the Qin dynasty.

这辆铜马车以白色打底绘以彩色纹样。车身的金银饰件多大1500多件,看上去及其华贵富丽。也许它们是为秦始皇驾崩之后,灵魂检阅之用。铜马车采用抛光技术制造,显示了秦当时高超的制造技术。。比如,龟壳状的华盖只有4毫米薄,车窗只有1毫米薄,且满布透气用的小孔。据初步研究,铜马车的制造采用了铸造、镶嵌、焊接、子母扣连接、活铰连接等多种工艺。铜马车的发掘为考证秦朝的冶金技术、战车制造技术和制模技术提供了非常珍贵的材料。

No.2 bronze chariot and horses now on display were found broken into 1,555 pieces when excavated. After two-and-half years’ careful and painstaking restoration by archaeologists and various specialists, they were formally exhibited in the museum on October 1, 1983. No.1 bronze chariot hand horses are on display from 1988.

现成列的2号铜马车刚被发掘时,已经碎成1555块。经过考古学家和其他各行各业的专家两年半细心认真的修复,2号铜马车1983年10月1号在秦始皇博物馆正式展出。1号铜马车从1988年开始展出。