2018年6月大学英语六级CET6真题试卷及详细答案

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目录

2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷一详细答案 .............................................................................................................. 1 2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷（一） .................................................................................................................... 51 快速对答案 ........................................................................................................................................................................ 65 2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷（二） .................................................................................................................... 65 快速对答案 ........................................................................................................................................................................ 81 2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷二详细答案 ............................................................................................................ 81 2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷（三） .................................................................................................................. 134 快速对答案 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 144 2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷三详细答案 .......................................................................................................... 144

2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷一详细答案

Part I Writing (30 minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)

Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust

between

employers

and

employees. You can cite examples to illustrate yourviews. you should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. 【解析】写作题考察了同学们的写作能力，要求在30分钟内完成，时间有限，因此在备战英语四级的时候，平时应积累一些模版，多背一些精彩的句子，在平时的练习中，应该在20分钟内完成一篇不少于150词的作文，下面给出以下几点建议：

一，写作中，字体要工整，改卷老师在批改四级作文的时候，由于任务量大，再加上批改时视觉疲劳，不可能对每一篇作文都看得那么仔细，有时候就凭卷面的第一印象打分，因此字体美观大方能提高作文的分数；

二，注意段落结构，写作时，应带有题目，一般分三段进行，第一段总体概述，引出正文，第二段详细阐述文档内容，要分条理进行，比如，firstly，secondly，等，正文一般4-6句话阐述完毕，第三段总结正文部分，回归主题。

三，写作要注重语法结构，不要出现明显的语法错误，否则扣分较多，影响总体成绩。 四，遇到不会写的词，要用其他相关的词语表达。

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Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A

Directions:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

【听力原文】

Conversation One

M: What’s all that? Are you going to make a salad? W: No, I’m going to make a gazpacho. M: What’s that?

W: 【1】 Gazpacho is a cold soup from Spain. It’s mostly vegetables. I guess you could call it a liquid salad. M: Cold soup? Sounds weird.

W: It’s delicious. Trust me! I tried it for the first time during my summer vacation in Spain. You see, in the south of Spain, it gets very hot in summer, up to 42℃, so a cold gazpacho is very refreshing. The main ingredients are tomato, cucumber, bell peppers, olive oil and stale bread.

M: Stale bread? Surely you mean bread for dipping into the soup.

W: No. Bread is crushed and blended in, like everything else. 【2】 It adds texture and thickness to the soup. M: 【3】Mmm… And is it healthy? W: Sure. As I said earlier, it’s mostly vegetables. You can also add different things if you like such as half-boiled egg or cured ham.

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M: Cured ham? What’s that?

W: That’s another Spanish delicacy. Have you never heard of it? It’s quite famous. M: No. Is it good too?

W: Oh, yeah, definitely. It’s amazing. It’s a little dry and salty. 【4】And it is very expensive because it comes from a special type of pig that only eats a special type of food. The ham is covered in salt to dry and preserve it, and left to hang for up to two years. It has a very distinct favor.

M: Mmm, sounds interesting. Where can I find some?

W: It used to be difficult to get Spanish produce here, but it’s now a lot more common. Most large supermarket chains have cured ham in little packets. But in Spain, you can buy a whole leg.

M: A whole pig leg? Why would anybody want so much ham?

W: In Spain, many people buy a whole leg for special group events such as Christmas. They cut it themselves into very thin slices with a long flat knife.

【杀掉拦路虎】

1. gazpacho [ɡɑ:z?pɑ:t??u,ɡɑ:θ?pɑ:t??u] n. 西班牙凉菜汤

2. liquid [?likwid] n. 液体;流音;

adj. 液体的;清澈的;（声音）流畅的;易转换成现款的

3. weird [wi?d]

adj. 怪诞的，超自然的;奇怪的，奇异的;<古>命运的，宿命的;不可思议的;

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n. 命运，宿命;厄运;<古>命运女神

4. refreshing [r??fre???]

adj. 使人精神焕发的;提神的;使人耳目一新的; v. 使恢复，使振作(refresh的现在分词)

5. ingredient [in?ɡri:dj?nt]

n. （混合物的）组成部分;（烹调的）原料;（构成）要素;因素

6. cucumber [?kju:k?mb?]

n. 黄瓜，胡瓜

7. olive oil [??liv ?il] n. 橄榄油

8. stale [steil]

adj. 陈腐的;不新鲜的;走了味的;

v. 变陈旧;变得不新鲜;（牛马、骆驼等）撒尿; n. （牛马、骆驼的）尿

9. crush [kr??]

vt. 压破，压碎;镇压;弄皱;挤榨，榨出; vi. 挤;被压碎，被起皱;

n. 粉碎，被压碎的状态;（特指女子对男性的）迷恋;拥挤的人群;果汁饮料

10. blend [blend]

vt. 混合;把?掺在一起;（使）调和;协调; vi. 掺杂;结合;相配，相称; n. 混合;混合色，合成语;混合物

11. texture [?tekst??] n. 质地;结构;本质; v. 使具有某种结构

12. cured ham [?kju?d h?m] 火腿

13. delicacy [?del?k?si:]

n. 精美;美味佳肴;敏锐，敏感;世故，圆滑

14. distinct [dis?ti?kt]

adj. 明显的，清楚的;卓越的，不寻常的;有区别的;确切的

15. favor [?feiv?] n. 好感;宠爱;关切;欢心; vt. 支持;赞成;照顾;促成; [美国英语]= favour

16. slice [slais] vt. 切成片;切下;划分;

n. 薄片;一部分;（因失误而打出的）曲线球; vi. 斜击

17. spicy [?spa?si:]

adj. 辛辣的;加有香料的，香的;有刺激性的（;故事等）猥亵的，下流的

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

1. What do we learn about gazpacho?

1. A) It is a typical salad. B)It is a Spanish soup. C)It is a weird vegetable. D)It is a kind of spicy food. 【答案】B

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【解析】 本题为细节题，由 【1】 Gazpacho is a cold soup from Spain.可知：gazpacho是西班牙的凉汤，B选项：它是一种西班牙的汤，符合文意，因此，本题的正确选项为B项。

2. For what purpose is stale bread mixed into gazpacho?

2.A) To make it thicker. B)To make it more nutritious. C)To add to its appeal. D)To replace an ingredient. 【答案】A

【解析】 本题为细节题，由 【2】 It adds texture and thickness to the soup.可知：它加入这种变馊的面包，是为了让汤变得更加浓郁，A选项:让汤变得更加浓郁，符合句意，因此，本题的正确选项为A项。

3. Why does the woman think gazpacho is healthy?

3. A) It contains very little fat. B)It uses olive oil in cooking. C)It uses no artificial additives. D)It is mainly made of vegetables. 【答案】D

【解析】 本题为细节题，由【3】Mmm… And is it healthy?W: Sure. As I said earlier, it’s

mostly vegetables. 可知：文中说这种食物是健康的吗？女士回答道，当然健康，就像我早期跟

你说的那样，它大部分都是蔬菜。D选项说的是，它主要是用蔬菜做的，符合原文，因此，本题的正确选项为D项。

4. What does the women say about cured ham?

4. A) It does not go stale for two years. B)It takes no special skill to prepare. C)It comes from a special kind of pig. D)It is a delicacy blended with bread.

【答案】C

【解析】 本题为细节题，由 【4】And it is very expensive because it comes from a special

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type of pig that only eats a special type of food. 可知：这种火腿非常昂贵，因为它的原料是

吃特定食物的一种特殊类型的猪，C选项说的是它的原料是一种特殊种类的猪，符合原文，因此，本题的正确选项为C项。

【听力原文】 Conversation Two

M: Hello, I wish to buy a bottle of wine. W: Hi, yes. What kind of wine would you like?

M: I don’t know. Sorry, I don’t know much about wine.

W: That’s no problem at all. What’s the occasion and how much would you like to spend?

M: It’s for my boss. It’s his birthday. I know he likes wine, but I don’t know what type. I also do not want anything too expensive. Maybe mid-range. How much would you say is a mid-range bottle of a wine approximately?

W: Well, it varies greatly. 【5】 Our lowest prices are around $6 a bottle, but those are table wines. They are not very special and I would not suggest them as a gift. On the other end, our most expensive bottles are over $150. If you are looking for something priced in the middle, I would say anything between $30 and $60 would make a decent gift. How does that sound?

M: Mmm, yeah. ，【6】 I guess something in the vicinity of 30 or 40 would be good. Which type would you recommend?

W: 【7】 I would say the safest option is always a red wine. They are generally more popular than whites and can usually be paired with food more easily. Our specialty here are Italian wines, and these tend to be fruity with medium acidity. 【8-1】 This

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one here is a Chianti which is perhaps Italy’s most famous type of red wine. Alternatively, you may wish to try and surprise your boss with something less common such as this Zinfandel. The grapes are originally native to Croatia, but this winery is in eastern Italy. And it has a more spicy and peppery flavor. So, to summarize, the Chianti is more classical and Zinfandel more exciting. Both are similarly priced at just under $40.

M: 【8-2】 I’ll go with Chianti then, thanks.

【杀掉拦路虎】 1. decent [?di:s?nt]

adj. 正派的;得体的;（服装等）相称的，合宜的;相当好的

2. vicinity [vi?siniti]

n. 附近，邻近;附近地区;大约的程度或者数量;〈罕〉近亲 3. acidity [??s?d?ti:]

n. 酸性;<化>酸性;<医>胃酸过多;（言词等的）类刻

4. vary [?v??ri]

vi. 变化;不同，偏离;[生]变异; vt. 使不同;使多样化;[音乐]变奏

5. winery [?wain?ri] n. 葡萄酒酿造厂

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

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6. peppery [?pep?ri:]

adj. 胡椒味的;似胡椒的;急躁的;易怒的

7. variety [v??rai?ti]

n. 多样;种类;杂耍;变化，多样化

8. symbolize [?s?mb??la?z] vt. 象征;用符号表现;

vi. 使用符号;采用象征;作为?的象征

9. longevity [l?n?d?eviti] n. 长寿;寿命;长期供职

10. specialty [?spe??lti:]

n. 专业，专长;特点，特别事项;特性，特质;<律>盖印的契约;

adj. 特色的;专门的;独立的

5. What does the woman think of table wines?

5. A)They come inagreatvariety. B) They do notmakedecentgifts. C)They donot varymuchinprice. D)They gowell withItalianfood. 【答案】B

【解析】 本题为细节题，由 【5】 Our lowest prices are around $6 a bottle, but those are table wines. They are not very special and I would not suggest them as a gift. 可知：我

们最便宜的酒一瓶六美元，但这些都是佐餐酒，没有什么特别的，我不建议你把它们当做礼物，B选项：它们不能作为体面的礼物，因此，本题的正确选项为B项。

6. What is the price range of wine the man will consider?

6. A)$30 - $40.C)$50 - $60. B)$40 - $50.D)Around$150. 【答案】A

【解析】 本题为细节题，由 【6】 I guess something in the vicinity of 30 or 40 would be good. 可知：我想在接近30或者40美元的酒类都可以，浏览四个选项只有A选项正确，因此，

本题的正确选项为A项。

7. Why does the woman recommend red wines?

7.A) They are a healthy choice for elderly people. B)They are especially popular among Italians. C)They symbolize good health and longevity. D)They go well with different kinds of food. 【答案】D

【解析】 本题为细节题，由【7】 I would say the safest option is always a red wine. They

are generally more popular than whites and can usually be paired with food more easily. 可知：在我看来，最保险的选择就是红酒，它们通常比白酒更受欢迎，也更容易和其他食

物搭配，D选项：它们能和其他不同种类的食物相搭配，符合原文内容，因此，本题的正确选项为

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D项，B选项：它们在意大利特别流行，对话中并未提及，只是说它们比白酒更受欢迎。

8. What do we learn about the wine the man finally bought?

8. A) It in a wine imported from California. B)It is less spicy than all other red wines. C)It is far more expensive than he expected. D) It is Italy's most famous type of red wine. 【答案】D

【解析】 本题为细节题，由【8-1】 This one here is a Chianti which is perhaps Italy’s most

famous type of red wine. 和【8-2】 I’ll go with Chianti then, thanks.可知：对话中的男

士最终选择的是Chianti红酒，这是一种在意大利最有名的红酒种类，D选项说的是它是意大利最著名的红酒类型，符合文意，因此，本题的正确选项为D项，A选项：它是从加利福尼亚进口的酒，B选项：它的价格很昂贵，以至于超出了他的预期，C选项：它没有其他红酒辛辣，文中均为提及，故排除。

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

【听力原文】

【9】 Many people enjoy secret codes. The harder the code, the more some people will try to figure it out. In war time, codes are especially important. They help army send news about battles and the size of enemy forces. Neither side wants its codes broken by the other. 【11】 One very important code was never broken. It was used during World War Ⅱ by the Americans. It was a spoken code never written down. And it was developed and used by Navajo Indians. They were called “the Navajo

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code talkers”. The Navajos created the code in their own language. Navajo is hard to learn, and only a few people know it. So it was pretty certain that the enemy would not be able to understand the code talkers. In addition, the talkers used code words. They called a submarine an iron fish and a small bomb thrown by hand a potato. If they wanted to spell something, they used code words for letters of the Alphabet. For instance, the letter A was ant or apple or ax.

The code talkers worked mostly in the islands in the Pacific. One or two would be assigned to a group of soldiers. They would send messages by field telephone to the code talker in the next group. And he would relay the information to his commander. 【 10】 The code talkers played an important part in several battles. They helped troops coordinate their movements and attacks. After the war, the U.S. government honored them for what they had accomplished. Theirs was the most successful wartime code ever used.

【杀掉拦路虎】 1. submarine [?s?bm?ri:n] n. 潜艇;海底生物; adj. 水下的，海底的; vt. 用潜艇攻击; vi. 驾驶潜艇;划入底下

2. ax [?ks] n. 斧头; v. 削减;解雇

3. coordinate [k?u??:dineit]

vt. 使协调，使调和;整合;使（身体各部份）动

作协调;（衣服、布料等）搭配;

vi. 协调;协同;成为同等;被归入同一类别adj. 同等的;[语法学]并列的;同等级的;带有同等性质的;

n. <数>坐标;（颜色协调的）配套服装;[复数]（颜色、织料、式样等配合协调的）女套服;同等重要的人（或物）

4. sensational [sen?se???n?l]

adj. 轰动的;耸人听闻的;极好的;绝妙的

5. Decoding [di?k?udi?]

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n. 译码，解码;

v. 译（码），解（码）( decode的现在分词 );分析及译解电子信号

6. promptly [pr?mptl?]

adv. 敏捷地;迅速地;立即地;毫不迟疑

7. military [?milit?ri]

adj. 军事的;军用的;讨厌的;好战的; n. 军人;军队;武装力量

Questions9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.

9.What does the speaker say many people enjoy doing?

9.A) Learning others' secrets. C) Decoding secret messages.

B)Searching for information. D) Spreading sensational news. 【答案】C

【解析】 本题为细节题，由 【9】 Many people enjoy secret codes. The harder the code,

the more some people will try to figure it out. 可知：很多人都喜欢密码，密码越难，就有更

多的人想破解出来，C选项：破解秘密信息，符合问题的要求，因此，本题的正确选项为C项,A选项:了解其他人的秘密，B选项:寻找信息，D选项:传播冲动性信息，中均未提及,故排除。

10.What do we learn about the Navajo code talkers?

10.A) They helped the U. S. army in World War Two.

B)They could write down spoken codes promptly. C)They were assigned to decode enemy messages. D)They were good at breaking enemy secret codes. 【答案】A

【解析】 本题为概述题，由 【10】 The code talkers played an important part in several battles. They helped troops coordinate their movements and attacks. After the war, the U.S. government honored them for what they had accomplished.可知：在几次战争

中，密码员扮演了一个很重要的角色，他们帮助军队协调他们的运动和攻击，战争结束后，美国政府，对他们完成的任务进行了表彰；文中提到，这次战争是第二次世界大战，A选项：他们在世界第二次大战中帮助了美国军队，对原文的概述，符问题的要求，因此，本题的正确选项为A项。

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11.What is the speaker mainly talking about?

11.A) Important battles fought in the Pacific War.

B)Decoding of secret messages in war times. C)A military code that was never broken. D)Navajo Indians' contribution to code breaking. 【答案】C

【解析】 本题为主旨题，由【 11】 One very important code was never broken. It was used during World War Ⅱ by the Americans. It was a spoken code never written down. 可

知：这种重要的密码从来没有被打破过，它被美国人运用在第二次世界大战中，这种口头的密码从来没有被写下来过；C选项：军方密码从来没有被破解过，符合文章的要求，因此，本题的正确选项为C项，A选项：太平洋战争中重要的战斗，B选项：在战争中，破解秘密信息，D选项：印第安人对密码破解的贡献，都与文章的主要内容无关，故排除。

【听力原文】

If you are young and thinking about your career, you want to know where you can make a living. Well, 【12】 there’s going to be a technological replacement of a lot of knowledge-intensive jobs in the next twenty years. Particularly in the two largest sectors of the labor force with professional skills. One is teaching, and the other, healthcare. You have so many applications and software and platforms that are going to come in and provide information and service in these two fields, which means a lot of healthcare and education sectors would be radically changed and a lot of jobs will be lost. Now, where will the new jobs be found? 【13】Well, the one sector of the economy that can’t be easily duplicated by even smart technologies is the caring sector, the personal care sector. That is, you can’t really get a robot to do a great massage or physically therapy. Or you can’t get the kind of personal attention you need with regard to therapy or any other personal service. They could be very high

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and personal services. 【14】Therapists do charge a lot of money. I think there’s no limit to the amount of personal attention and personal care people would like if they could afford it. But the real question in the future is how can people afford these things if they don’t have money because they can’t get a job that pays enough.【 15】That’s why I wrote this book which is about how to reorganize the economy for the future when technology brings about destructive changes to what we used to consider high income work.

【杀掉拦路虎】 1. intensive [in?tensiv]

adj. 加强的，强烈的;[农]精耕细作的;[语]加强语意的;（农业方法）集约的; n. 加强器;[语]强义词，强调成份

2. radically [?r?d?k?l?]

adv. 根本地;彻底地;完全地;激进地

3. duplicated [?dju:plikitid] adj. 复制出的，复写书的;

v. [遗传学]重复，被复制，复制( duplicate的过去式和过去分词 );复印;使成双

4. destructive [dis?tr?ktiv] adj. 破坏性的;毁灭性的;有害的

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.

5. robotics [r?u?b?tiks] n. 机器人技术

6. cater [?keit?]

vt.& vi. 提供饮食及服务; vt. 满足需要，适合;投合，迎合; n. （骰子，纸牌的）四点

7. disruption [d?s?r?p?n]

n. 分裂，瓦解;破裂，毁坏;中断

8. tremendous [tri?mend?s]

adj. 极大的，巨大的;可怕的，惊人的;极好的

12. What does the speaker say will happen in the next twenty years?

12.A) All services will be personalized.

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B)A lot of knowledge-intensive jobs will be replaced. C)Technology will revolutionize all sectors of industry. D)More information will be available. 【答案】B

【解析】 本题为细节题，由 【12】 there’s going to be a technological replacement of a lot of knowledge-intensive jobs in the next twenty years. 可知：在接下来的20年里，科学

技术类的工作将会替代知识密集型的工作，B选项：很多知识密集型的工作将被替代，是对上文红色划线部分的同义转述，因此，本题的正确选项为B项。

13. Where will young people have more chances to find jobs?

13.A) In the robotics industry. C) In the personal care sector.

B)In the information service. D) In high-end manufacturing. 【答案】C

【解析】 本题为细节题，由【 13】Well, the one sector of the economy that can’t be easily duplicated by even smart technologies is the caring sector, the personal care sector.可

知：即使是智能科技也不能轻易的替代经济行业中的一个行业，那就是护理行业，尤其是个人护理行业，C选项:个人护理行业，是对文中红色划线部分的同义转述，因此，本题的正确选项为C项。

14. What does the speaker say about therapists?

14.A) They charge high prices.

B)They need lots of training.

C)They cater to the needs of young people. D)They focus on customers' specific needs. 【答案】A

【解析】 本题为细节题，由【14】Therapists do charge a lot of money. 可知：理疗师收很高的费用，A选项:他们收费很高，是对文中红色划线部分的同义转述，因此，本题的正确选项为A项,,B选项:他们需要很多培训，C选项:他们迎合了年轻人的需求，D选项:他们关注顾客特定需求，文中均未提及，故排除。

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15. What is the speaker’s book about?

15.A) The rising demand in education and healthcare in the next 20 years.

B)The disruption caused by technology in traditionally well-paid jobs. C)The tremendous changes new technology will bring to people's lives. D)The amazing amount of personal attention people would like to have. 【答案】B

【解析】 本题为主旨题，由 【15】That’s why I wrote this book which is about how to reorganize the economy for the future when technology brings about destructive changes to what we used to consider high income work.可知：这就是我为什么要写这本书,

这本书描述了怎样认识当科技被我们曾经认为高收入的工作产生灾难性的改变时，经济对未来的影响，B选项：技术对传统高收入的工作破坏瓦解，是对原文的同义转述，因此，本题的正确选项为B项。

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 【听力原文】

American researchers have discovered the world’s oldest paved road, a 4,600-year-old highway. 【16】 It linked a stone pit in the Egyptian desert to waterways that carried blocks to monument sites along the Nile. The eight-mile road is at least 500 years older than any previously discovered road. It is the only paved road discovered in ancient Egypt, said geologist Thomas Bown of the U.S. Geological Survey. He reported the discovery on Friday. “The road probably doesn’t rank with the pyramids as a construction feat, but it is a major engineering achievement,” said his colleague, geologist James Harrell of the

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University of Toledo. “Not only is the road earlier than we thought possible, we didn’t even think they built roads.”

【17】The researchers also made a discovery in the stone pit at the northern end of the road: the first evidence that the Egyptians used rock saws. “This is the oldest example of saws being used for cutting stone,” said Bown’s colleague James Hoffmeier of Wheaton College in Illinois. “That’s two technologies we didn’t know they had,” Harrell said. “And we don’t know why they were both abandoned.” The road was discovered in the Faiyum Depression, about 45 miles southwest of Cairo. Short segments of the road had been observed by earlier explorers, Bown said, but they failed to realize its significance or follow up on their observations. Bown and his colleagues stumbled across it while they were doing geological mapping in the region.

【18】The road was clearly built to provide services for the newly discovered stone pit. Bown and Harrell have found the camp that housed workers at the stone pit. The road appears today to go nowhere, ending in the middle of the desert. When it was built, its terminal was a dock on the shore of Lake Moeris, which had an elevation of about 66 feet above sea level, the same as the dock.

Lake Moeris received its water from the annual floods of the Nile. At the time of the floods, the river and lake were at the same level and connected through a gap in the hills near the modern villages of el-Lahun and Hawara. Harrell and Bown believe that blocks were loaded onto barges during the dry season, then floated over to the Nile during the floods to be shipped off to the monument sites at Giza and Saqqara.

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【杀掉拦路虎】 1. pave [peiv]

vt. 铺设;为?铺平道路;安排n. （用砖石）铺（地）;

adj. （宝石）密镶的

2. pit [pit]

n. 井;煤矿;麻子;（赛车道旁的）修理加油站; vt. 使有麻子;使有凹陷; vi. 凹陷;起凹点

3. feat [fi:t]

n. 功绩，伟业;技艺表演;卓绝的手艺，技术，本领;武艺;

adj. 合适的;灵巧的;漂亮的，整洁的

4. segment [?seɡm?nt]

n. 部分，段落;环节;[计算机]（字符等的）分段;[动物学]节片;

vt.&vi. 分割，划分;[生]使分裂

Questions 16 to18 are based on the recording you have just heard.

5. stumble [?st?mbl]

vi. 跌跌撞撞地走，蹒跚;结巴;弄错，失足;偶然碰见;

n. 绊脚，失足;差错，失误;过失，失败

6. dock [d?k]

n. 码头;被告席;草本植物;尾巴的骨肉部份; vt.& vi. （使）船停靠码头;剪短（尾巴等）;削减，缩减（工资等）;在?设置船坞; vi. 入船坞

7. elevation [?el??ve???n]

n. 高处，高地，高度，海拔，（枪炮的）仰角，射角;升级，上进，向上;高尚;[建]正视图，立视图

8. barge [bɑ:d?] n. 驳船;游艇;游览汽车;

vi. （鲁莽而笨拙地）闯入;蹒跚前进; vt. 用驳船运，乘驳船去

16. What do we learn from the lecture about the world’s oldest paved road in Egypt?

16. A)ItwasthelongestroadinancientEgypt.

B)Itwasconstructedsome500yearsago. C)Itlay8milesfromthemonumentsites. D)Itlinkedastonepittosomewaterways.

【答案】B

【解析】 本题为细节题，由 【16】 It linked a stone pit in the Egyptian desert to

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waterways that carried blocks to monument sites along the Nile.可知：它连接埃及沙漠中

的采石场，通过水路沿着尼罗河，把石块运到纪念地，D选项：它连接采石场和一些水路，是对原文的同义转述，因此，本题的正确选项为D项，A选项：它在古埃及是最长的路，原文未提及，故排除，B选项：它建造于500多年前，原文说的是4600年前，因此B选项错误，C选项：它距纪念地八英里，与原文中说它长八英里不相符，故排除。

17. What did the researchers discover in the stone pit?

17.A)Sawsusedforcuttingstone.

B) Traces left by early explorers. C)Anancientgeographicalmap. D)Somestonetoolsegments.

【答案】A

【解析】 本题为细节题，由 【17】The researchers also made a discovery in the stone pit at the northern end of the road: the first evidence that the Egyptians used rock saws. “This is the oldest example of saws being used for cutting stone,”可知：调查人

员在道路的最北部石坑里也进行了调查，最有力的证据就是埃及人能运用石斧，这是斧子被运用与切石块的最早事例。A选项：斧子被用于切割石块，符合原文，因此，本题的正确选项为A项。

18. For what purpose was the paved road built?

18.A)Totransportstonestoblockfloods.

B)Toprovideservicesforthestonepit. C)Tolinkthevariousmonumentsites. D)ToconnectthevillagesalongtheNile.

【答案】B

【解析】 本题为细节题，由 【18】The road was clearly built to provide services for the newly discovered stone pit. 可知：这条路最早建立是为了为新发现的石坑，提供服务，B选项：

为石坑提供服务。因此，本题的正确选项为B项。

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【听力原文】

【19】 The thin, extremely sharp needles didn’t hurt at all going in. Dr.Gong pierced them into my left arm, around the elbow that had been bothering me. Other needles were slipped into my left wrist and, strangely, into my right arm, and then into both my closed eyelids. There wasn’t any discomfort, just a mild warming sensation. However, I did begin to wonder what had driven me here, to the office of Dr.James Gong, in New York’s Chinatown.

Then I remembered—the torturing pain in that left elbow. 【20】 Several trips to a hospital and two expensive, uncomfortable medical tests had failed to produce even a diagnosis. “Maybe you lean on your left arm too much,” the doctor concluded, suggesting I see a bone doctor. During the hours spent waiting in vain to see a bone doctor, I decided to take another track and try acupuncture. A Chinese-American friend recommended Dr.Gong. I took the subway to Gong’s second-floor office, marked with a hand-painted sign. Dr.Gong speaks English, but not often. Most of my questions to him were greeted with a friendly laugh, but I managed to let him know where my arm hurt. He asked me to go into a room, had me lie down on a bed, and went to work. In the next room, I learned, a woman dancer was also getting a treatment. As I lay there a while, I drifted into a dream-like state and fantasized about what she looks like.

Acupuncturists today are as likely to be found on Park Avenue as on Mott Street. In all, there are an estimated 10,000 acupuncturists in the country. Nowadays, a lot of M.D.s have learned acupuncture techniques, so have a number of

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dentists. 【21】 Reason? Patient demand. Few, though, can adequately explain how acupuncture works. Acupuncturists may say that the body has more than 800 acupuncture points. A life force called Qi circulates through the body. Points on the skin are energetically connected to specific organs, body structures and systems. Acupuncture points are stimulated to balance the circulation of Qi.

The truth is, though acupuncture is at least 2,200 years old, “nobody really knows what’s happening,” says Paul Zmiewski, a Ph.D. in Chinese studies who practices acupuncture in Philadelphia.

After five treatments, there has been dramatic improvement in my arm, and the pain is a fraction of what it was. The mainly silent Dr.Gong finally even offered a diagnosis for what troubled me. “Pinched nerve,” he said.

【杀掉拦路虎】 1. pierce [pi?s]

vt. 刺穿，戳穿;刺破;洞察;深深打动; vi. 进入;透入

2. elbow [?elb?u]

n. 肘部;弯头，扶手;肘形管，弯管;

vt. 用肘推挤（另一人或另一些人）;用手肘推开;

vi. 用肘推搡着前进;在拐角处转弯

3. wrist [rist]

n. 腕，手腕;腕关节;（衣袖等的）腕部

4. eyelid [?a??l?d] n. 眼睑;眼皮

5. sensation [sen?sei??n] n. 感觉;感受;知觉

6. torturing [?t?:t??r??]

v. 使痛苦( torture的现在分词 );使苦恼;使焦急

7. diagnosis [?dai?ɡ?n?usis] n. 诊断;诊断结论;判断;结论

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8. acupuncture [??kj??p??kt??] n. 针灸（疗法）;

vt. 用针灸术治疗，用针刺法麻醉，对?施行针灸治疗

9. drift [drift]

vi. 流动;随意移动;漂泊;浮现; vt. 漂流;堆积成堆;

n. 漂移，偏移;趋势，动向;大意;放任自流

10. fantasize [?f?nt??sa?z] vt. 想像;幻想; vi. 沉溺于幻想

11. Acupuncturist [??kjup??kt??r?st] n. 针灸师

12. account for [??kaunt f?:]

说明（原因、理由等）;导致，引起;（在数量、比例上）占;对?负责

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.

19. What does the speaker find especially strange?

19.A)Dr.Gongdidn'tgivehimanyconventionaltests.

B)Dr.Gongmarkedhisofficewithahand-paintedsign. C)Dr.Gongdidn'taskhimanyquestionsabouthispain. D)Dr.Gongslippedinneedleswherehefeltnopain.

【答案】D

【解析】 本题为推断题，由 【19】 The thin, extremely sharp needles didn’t hurt at all going in. Dr.Gong pierced them into my left arm, around the elbow that had been bothering me. Other needles were slipped into my left wrist and, strangely, into my right arm, and then into both my closed eyelids.可知：那根很细极其尖锐的针在行进中，并

没有造成伤害，龚医生从我的左胳膊肘部扎针，这让我很困惑。另一些针从我的手腕部进入，奇怪的是，最终进入了我的右胳膊，然后都进入了我的眼帘。D选项：龚医生扎针她没有感觉到疼痛，符合原文，因此，本题的正确选项为D项，A选项：龚医生没有给她进行传统的测试，B选项：龚医生在他的办公室里悬挂了手痛的牌子，C选项：龚医生没有问她关于她疼痛的问题，原文中未提及，故排除。

20. Why did the speaker go see Dr.Gong?

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20.A)Hehadheardofthewondersacupuncturecouldwork.

B)Dr.GongwasveryfamousinNewYork'sChinatown. C)Previousmedicaltreatmentsfailedtorelievehispain. D)Hefoundtheexpensivemedicaltestsunaffordable.

【答案】C

【解析】 本题为推断题，由 【20】 Several trips to a hospital and two expensive, uncomfortable medical tests had failed to produce even a diagnosis. “Maybe you lean on your left arm too much,” the doctor concluded, suggesting I see a bone doctor. During the hours spent waiting in vain to see a bone doctor, I decided to take another track and try acupuncture. 可知：去了几趟医院，做了两次昂贵的，甚至不可承担的医疗测试，

但最终连一个诊断结论都没有给出，那位医生得出的结论是也许你依靠左肩膀时间太长了，他建议我去看骨科医生；等骨科医生等了几个小时，徒劳无功，我决定尝试另外一种方式——针灸，C选项：先前的治疗都不能减轻他的疼痛，符合原文，因此，本题的正确选项为C项，D选项：他发现昂贵的医疗测试负担不起，原文中说的是甚至负担不起的医疗测试但实际上还是可以负担得起，负担得起的，故D选项排除。

21. What accounts for the growing popularity of acupuncture in the U.S., according to the speaker?

21.A)Moreandmorepatientsaskforthetreatment.

B)Acupuncturetechniqueshavebeenperfected. C)Itdoesn'tneedtheconventionalmedicaltests. D)Itdoesnothaveanynegativesideeffects.

【答案】A

【解析】 本题为细节题，由【21】 Reason? Patient demand. Few, though, can adequately

explain how acupuncture works.可知：原因是病人的需求，量很少，但足以能解释针灸的效

果是如此之好，A选项：越来越多的病人需要治疗，符合原文要求，因此，本题的正确选项为A项。

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【听力原文】

Ronald and Louis married for two decades consider themselves a happy couple. 【22】But in the early years of their marriage both were disturbed by persistent arguments that seem to fade away without ever being truly resolved. They uncovered clues towards what was going wrong by researching a fascinating subject: How birth order affects not only your personality but also how compatible you are with your mate.

【23】Ronald and Louis are only children, and “onlies” grow up accustomed to be the apple of parents’ eyes. Match two “onlies”, and you have partners who subconsciously expect each other to continue fulfilling this expectation, while neither has much experience in the giving end. Here is a list of common birth order characteristics, and some thoughts on the best and worst marriage or matches for each.

【24】The oldest tends to be self-assured, responsible, a high-achiever and relatively serious and reserved. He may be slow to make friends, perhaps content with only one companion. The best matches are with a youngest, an only or a mate raised in a large family. The worst match is with another oldest, since the two will be too sovereign to share a household comfortably.

The youngest child of the family thrives on attention, and tends to be out-going, adventurous, optimistic, creative and less ambitious than others in the family. He may lack self-discipline, and have difficulty making decisions on his own.

A youngest brother of brothers, often unpredictable and romantic, will match best with an oldest sister of brothers. The youngest sister of brothers is best matched with

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an oldest brother of sisters who will happily indulge these traits.

The middle child is influenced by many variables. However, “middles” are less likely to take initiative, and more anxious and self-critical than others. “Middles” often successfully marry other “middles”, since both are strong on tact, not so strong on aggressiveness, and tend to crave affection.

【25】The only child is often most comfortable when alone. But since an only tends to be a well-adjusted individual, she’ll eventually learn to relate to any chosen spouse. The male only child expects his wife to make life easier without getting much in return. He is sometimes best matched with a younger sister of brothers. The female only child who tends to be slightly more flexible is well matched with an older man who will indulge her tendency to test his love. Her worst match? Another only. Of course.

【杀掉拦路虎】 1. persistent [p??sist?nt]

adj. 持续的;坚持不懈的;持久的;坚持不渝

2. resolved [ri?z?lvd]

adj. 下定决心的，断然的;坚决的;已解决的; v. 做决定，分解(resolve的过去式和过去分词)

3. compatible [k?m?p?t?bl]

adj. 兼容的，相容的;和谐的，协调的;[生物学]亲和的;可以并存的，能共处的

4. subconsciously [?s?b?k?n??sl?] adv. 潜意识地

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5. companion [k?m?p?nj?n]

n. 同伴;[天]伴星(=~star);（用于书名）指南;同甘共苦的伙伴; vt. 同行;陪伴

6. sovereign [?s?vrin]

n. 君主;最高统治者;独立国;旧时价值为一镑的英国金币;

adj. 独立自主的;拥有最高统治权的;至高无上的;极好的

7. trait [treit]

n. 特点，特性;少许

8. initiative [i?ni?i?tiv]

n. 主动性;主动精神;倡议;主动权; adj. 自发的;创始的;初步的

9. tact [t?kt]

n. 机智，机敏;老练，圆滑;[乐]拍子;〈罕〉触觉

10. crave [kreiv]

vt.& vi. 渴望，热望;恳求，恳请;要求，需要;

vt. 恳求，请求;渴望 11. spouse [spauz] n. 配偶，夫或妻; vt. 和?结婚

12. indulge [in?d?ld?]

vt. 迁就，纵容;使满足;使（自己）沉溺于;使快乐;

vi. 纵容;满足;沉溺

13. content with [?k?ntent wie] 使（某人）满足于?

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.

22. What does the speaker say about Ronald and Louis’s early years of married life?

22.A)Theywereonthevergeofbreakingup.

B)Theywerecompatibledespitedifferences.

C)Theyquarreledalotandneverresolvedtheirarguments. D)Theyarguedpersistentlyaboutwhethertohavechildren.

【答案】C

【解析】 本题为细节题，由【22】But in the early years of their marriage both were

disturbed by persistent arguments that seem to fade away without ever being truly resolved. 可知：但是在婚姻的前几年中，她们无休止的争吵，让双方都很懊恼，但现在似乎争吵

的东西从来没有解决，就慢慢消退了。C选项：他们经常争吵，从来不解决她们中争吵的问题，符合原文，因此，本题的正确选项为C项。

23. What do we learn about Ronald and Louis?

23.A)Neitherofthemhasanybrothersorsisters.

B)Neitherofthemwontheirparents'favor.

C)Theyweren'tspoiledintheirchildhood.

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D)They didn't liketobetheappleoftheirparents'eyes.

【答案】A

【解析】 本题为细节题，由【23】Ronald and Louis are only children, and “onlies” grow

up accustomed to be the apple of parents’ eyes. 可知：他们两个都是独生子女，从小就是

父母的心肝宝贝，A选项：他们俩没有一个人有弟弟或者妹妹的；符合原文中他们都是独生子女，因此，本题的正确选项为A项。

24. What does the speaker say about the oldest child in a family?

24.A)Theyareusuallygoodatmakingfriends.

B)Theytendtobeadventurousandcreative. C)Theyareoftencontentwithwhattheyhave. D)Theytendtobeself-assuredandresponsible.

【答案】D

【解析】 本题为细节题，由 【24】The oldest tends to be self-assured, responsible, a

high-achiever and relatively serious and reserved. 可知：年长的孩子倾向于自信，有责任，

比较强势，严肃和保守，D选项：他们倾向于自信和有责任感，符合原文，因此，本题的正确选项为D项。

25. What does the speaker say about the only children?

25.A)Theyenjoymakingfriends.

B)Theytendtobewelladjusted. C)Theyareleastlikelytotakeinitiative. D)Theyusuallyhavesuccessfulmarriages.

【答案】B

【解析】 本题为细节题，由 【25】The only child is often most comfortable when alone. But since an only tends to be a well-adjusted individual, she’ll eventually learn to relate to any chosen spouse. 可知：独生子女一个人的时候是最舒服的状态，但是他们也是一

个适应能力很强的个体，他们将最终学会与他们的配偶协调好关系，B选项：他们的适应性很强，

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符合原文，因此，本题的正确选项为B项，A选项：他们喜欢交朋友，C选项：他们最不喜欢主动，D选项：他们通常会有幸福的婚姻，文中均为提及，故排除。

Part Ⅲ

Section A

Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices, Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

When Elon Musk says that his new priority is using artificial intelligence to build domestic robots, we should look forward to the day in admiration.

Mr. Musk is a guy who gets things done. The founder of two tech companies, Tesla Motors andSpaceX, is bringing electric vehicles to mass market and(26)_______ humans to live on other planets. This sounds like so much hot air, but the near $13 billion fortune this entrepreneur has(27)_______ comes from practical achievements rather than hypothetical ones.

A lot of clever people are(28)_______ about artificial intelligence, fearing that robots will one day become so(29)_______ that they’ll murder all of us. These fears are mostly(30)_______ : as with hysteria aboutgenetic modification, we humans are generally wise enough to manage these problems with speed and care.

And just think of how wonderful it would be if you had a live-in robot. It could,(31)_______, be like having a babysitter and a nurse rolled into one—or, if that required (32)_______ intelligence beyond the power of Mr. Musk’ s imagined machine, at least someone to chop the carrots, wash the car and mow the lawn. Once purchased and trained, this would allow the(33)_______user to save money and time, freeing up(34)_______space in our busy lives to read a good book.

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That is why we welcome Mr. Musk' s latest(35)_______ , and wish him well. As long as robots add to thesum of human happiness, reduce suffering, and create time to read world-class journalism, we should be their fans. Especially since journalism is one job robots will never do. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

【答题步骤】

1、先快速浏览选项，分辨出具体的词性，像名词、动词、形容词等。

2、快速阅读文章，根据上下文句子的意思，结合所给的选项，填写相应的单词。 3、不确定的先略过，等大部分都填完后，再填写剩余部分。 4、快速通读全文，看所填的空句意是否通顺。

【杀掉拦路虎】 1. amass [??m?s] vt. 积累，积聚

2. exaggerated [iɡ?z?d??reitid]

adj. 夸大的，言过其实的;过大的，逾常的; v. （使）扩大( exaggerate的过去式和过去分词)

3. extravagant [iks?tr?viɡ?nt]

adj. 过度的，过分的;奢侈的，浪费的;放肆的;大量的

4. sphere [sfi?]

n. 球（体）;（兴趣或活动的）范围;势力范围;天体，如行星或恒星;

vt. 形成球体;包围，围绕;置于球面内部

A)amassed 5. artificial intelligence [?ɑ:ti?fi??l in?telid??ns] n. 人工智能;仿智

6. intelligence [in?telid??ns] n. 智力;聪颖;情报;情报机构

7. entrepreneur [??ntr?pr??n?:] n. <法>企业家;主办人;承包人

8. hypothetical [?ha?p??θet?k?l]

adj. 假设的，假定的;有前提的;爱猜想的;假想

9. mow [m?u]

vt.& vi. 刈，割;扫射;皱眉头;扮鬼脸; n. 干草堆;干草堆积处;鬼脸

B) casual C) emotional D) enabling E) eventually 第 28 页 共 172 页

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v.积累 adj. 随便的，临时adj. 情感的 的 v.使能够 adv. 最终 F) exaggerated adj. 夸大的 G)extravagant H) generously I) misleading J) precious adj. 奢侈的，浪费adv. 慷慨地 的 v.误导（动词ingadj. 宝贵的 形式） adj. 误导人的 K)reward n. 奖赏，报酬 L)smart adj. 聪明的 M) sphere n. 球体，范围 N) terrified adj. 感到恐怖的 O) venture n. 冒险，风险 26.【答案】D) enablingv.使能够

【解析】The founder of two tech companies, Tesla Motors andSpaceX, is bringing electric vehicles

to mass market and(26)_______ humans to live on other planets. 通读上下文不难发现空前是and

连接的两个并列成分，此处缺少一个动词，由前面的 is bringing electric vehicles to mass

market，可知本空应填写一个动词ing形式，结合选项D) enablingv.使能够，I) misleading v.误导（动词ing形式）adj. 误导人的只有D) enablingv.使能够最合适，可翻译为使人类能够

在其他星球上生活。故正确答案为D选项。 27.【答案】A)amassedv.积累

【解析】but the near $13 billion fortune this entrepreneur has(27)_______ comes from practical

achievements rather than hypothetical ones. 分析整个句子，主语为 $13 billion fortune ，谓

语为 comes from，宾语为practical achievements，因此句子成分完整， this entrepreneur has(27)_______ 作定语，修饰$13 billion fortune 再根据定语的成分看，缺少一个动词过去式，结合给出的选项只有A)amassedv.积累一个过去式，再看句子是否通顺，可以翻译为这位企业家积累的财富，语义通顺，故正确答案为A)amassedv.积累选项。 28.【答案】N) terrified adj. 感到恐怖的

【解析】A lot of clever people are(28)_______ about artificial intelligence, fearing that robots will one

day become so(29)_______ that they’ll murder all of us. 可知：空前be动词are，空后是介词

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about，因此本空应填一个形容词，做表语，根据句意，很多聪明的人(28)_______ 人工智能，害怕机器人有一天变得太(29)_______，以至于她们杀害我们人类。此处填写

N) terrified adj. 感到恐怖的，最合适，翻译地更加通顺，故正确答案为N) terrified adj. 感到恐怖的选项。

29.【答案】L)smartadj. 聪明的

【解析】A lot of clever people are(28)_______ about artificial intelligence, fearing that robots will

one day become so(29)_______ that they’ll murder all of us. 由29题可知，此处应填写一个形容

词，结合给出的选项，只有L)smartadj. 聪明的，最合适，译为害怕机器人有一天变得太智能，以至于她们杀害我们人类。故正确答案为L选项。 30.【答案】F) exaggeratedadj. 夸大的

【解析】These fears are mostly(30)_______ : as with hysteria aboutgenetic modification, we

humans are generally wise enough to manage these problems with speed and care.空前be动词are，

空后是：，因此本空应填写一个形容词，整个句子可以翻译为：这些恐惧是(30)_______ :随着基因修改技术的提高，我们人类会变得足够聪明，来快速高效地解决这些问题。结合给出的选项，只有F) exaggeratedadj. 夸大的，最合适，故正确答案为F) exaggeratedadj. 夸大的选项。 31.【答案】E) eventuallyadv. 最终

【解析】 It could,(31)_______, be like having a babysitter and a nurse rolled into one.通读句子，句子成分完整。因此，本空应应填写一个副词，作插入语，结合给出的选项E)

eventuallyadv. 最终，H) generouslyadv. 慷慨地，根据句意，填写E) eventuallyadv. 最终最通

顺，可以翻译为:最终，它能将保姆和护士的角色集中为一体，故正确答案为E)

eventuallyadv. 最终选项。

32.【答案】I) photographed v.拍照、拍摄

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【解析】 if that required (32)_______ intelligence beyond the power of Mr. Musk’ s imagined

machine, at least someone to chop the carrots, wash the car and mow the lawn.；.空前动词required，

空后是名词intelligence，本空应填写一个形容词，结合选项只有C) emotionaladj. 情感的，符合句意，可以翻译为:如果它需要的情感智商超过了马克斯设想的机器人的能力范围，至少能有人给你切萝卜，洗车和整理草坪。故正确答案为I选项。 33.【答案】B) casualadj. 随便的，临时的

【解析】 Once purchased and trained, this would allow the(33)_______user to save money and

time, freeing up (34)_______space in our busy lives to read a good book.本空前是定冠词the，空

后为名词user，因此本空应为形容词，结合给出的选项只有B) casualadj. 随便的，临时

的，G)extravagantadj. 奢侈的，浪费的，只有B) casualadj. 随便的，临时的符合句意，可翻

译为：一旦经过购买和培训，这就能使临时用户节约金钱和时间，在我们繁忙的生活中释放(34)_______时光，让我们可以读一本好书。故正确答案为B选项。 34.【答案】J) preciousadj. 宝贵的最合适

【解析】空前是介词up，空后为名词space，因此应填写形容词，结合给出的选项只有J) preciousadj. 宝贵的最合适，故正确答案为J) preciousadj. 宝贵的选项。 35.【答案】O) venture n. 冒险，风险

【解析】That is why we welcome Mr. Musk' s latest(35)_______ , and wish him well.空前为latest

形容词，缺少名词，因此本空应填写一个名词，结合给出的选项：K)reward，n. 奖赏，报酬， M) sphere，n. 球体，范围，O) venture n. 冒险，风险只有O) venture n. 冒险，风险相

对合适，可翻译为：这就是我们为什么欢迎马克斯最新的尝试（冒险），希望他一切顺利！，故正确答案为O) venture n. 冒险，风险选项。

Section B

Directions:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each

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statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

In the Real World, Nobody Cares that You Went to an Ivy League School

[A]【43】As a high school junior, everything in my life revolved around getting into the right college. I diligently attended my SAT, ACT, and Advanced Placement test preparation courses. I juggled (尽力应付）cross-country and track schedules, newspaper staff, and my church's youth group and drama team. I didn't drink, party, or even do much dating. The right college, I thought, was one with prestige, one with a name. It didn't have to be the Ivy League, but it needed to be a \school\[B]【40】Looking back now, nine years later, I can't remember exactly what it was about these universities that made them seem so much better.Wasitacurriculumthatappearedmorerigorous,perhaps?OranalumninetworkthatIhopedwouldopendoorsdowntheline?Maybe.\n,aprofessorofhighereducationattheUniversityofPennsylvania.\ne.\

[C]Inreflection,myfirmbeliefinthepowerofthebrandwasnaive,nottomentionabitsnobby.Iquicklypassedoverstateschoolsandsouthernschools,believingtheircurriculumstobeautomaticallyinferiortonortheasternorwesterncounterparts.Instead,IdreamedoflivinginNewYorkCityandmyparentsobligedmewithavisittoNewYorkUniversity's(NYU)campus.Duringthetour,tuitionfeeswerediscussed.(NYUisconsistentlyrankedoneofthecountry,smostexpensiveschools,withroomandboardcoststotalingupwardsof$64,000ayear.)【38】 Up until then, I hadn't truly realized just how expensive an education can be. Overthenextfewmonths,IrealizednotonlycouldInotaffordmydreamschool,Icouldn'tevenaffordtheoneswhereI'dbeenaccepted.CityUniversityofNewYork(CUNY)

，

RutgersUniversity,andIndianaUniversitywereoutofreachaswereMississippiStateandtheUniversityofAlabama,whereIwouldhavetopayout-of-statefees.Furthercomplicatingmycollegesearchwasaflourishingtrackcareer—Iwantedtokeeprunningbutmytimesweren'tquitefastenoughtosecureascholarship.

[D]Andso,at11pmonthenightofGeorgiaStateUniversity's(GSU)midnightdeadline,Iappliedonline.RatedNo.

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466overallonForbes'ListsTopColleges,No.183inResearchUniversities,andNo.108intheSouth,Ican'tsayitwasmytopchoice.Still,thetrackcoachhadofferedmeawalk-onspot,andIactuallyfoundtheurbanAtlantacampusadecentconsolationprizeafterNewYorkCity.

[E]Whileitmayhavebeenpractical,itwasn'tprestigious.Buthere'sthething：【44】 I loved my \低层次的)university. (I use the term \institution that attracts high quality professors and faculty from all over the country. ) We are taught to believe that only by going to the best schools and getting the best grades can we escape the rat race and build a better future. But what if lower-tier colleges and universities were the ticket to escaping the rat race? After all，where else can you leave school with a decent degree—but without a lifetime of debt? [F]Myschooldidn’tcomepre-packagedlikethemorepopularoptions,sowewerelefttotakecareofourselves,figuringoutcitylifeandtryingtocompletedegreeprogramsthatnoonewaschampioningforustosucceedin.WhatI'msayingis,Ilovedmyuniversitybecauseittaughtusalltoberesourcefulandwecouldmakewhatwewantedoutofit. [G]Iwasluckyenoughtohavemytuitioncoveredbyalottery-fundedscholarshipcalledHOPE(HelpingOutstandingPupilsEducationally).WhenIstartedcollege,theHOPEscholarshipwasfundedbythestateofGeorgiaandofferedtograduatinghighschoolseniorswithaGPAof3.0orhigher.【37】 Living costs and books I paid for with money earned during high school,supplementedbyasmallcollegefundmydeceasedgrandfatherleftformeandamodestsavingsaccountmyparentscreatedwhenIwasborn.

[H]Sowhataboutallthatnamerecognition?Sure,manyofmycolleaguesandcompetitorshavemoreglamorousalmamaters(

母

校)thanIdo.Asajournalist,IhavecompetedagainstNYU,Columbia,andNortheasterngraduatesforjobs. 【41】And yet, not a single interviewer has ever asked me about my educational background. Infact,almosteveryinterviewI'veeverhadwasduetoaconnectiononethatI'vegainedthroughpuredetermination,notaschoolbrand.

[I]【45】According to The Boston Globe, students who earned their bachelor's in 2012 have an average monthly loan payment of $ 312, which is one-third more than those who graduated in 2004. Ultimately, that's the thing universities don't want to admit. —

Privateuniversitiesaremoney-makinginstitutions.Ifyoucanaffordtobuyprestige,that'syourchoice.Fortherestofus,however,ourheartylower-tiereduniversitiesarejustfine,thankyou.

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[J]Wealthyuniversitiestalkupthebenefitstheirnamewillgivegraduates:namely,strongalumninetworks,starfaculty,andaresumeboost.Butyouneedn'tattendanIvyLeagueschooltoreapthoserewards.【36】Ludacris and the former CEO of Bank of America Ken Lewis are alumni of my college, as well as VICE's first female editor-in-chief, Ellis Jones. Successful people tend to be successful no matter where they go to school, and lower-tier schools can have alumni networks just as strong as their big name counterparts. Infact,lower-tierschoolalumninetworksarearguablystronger,becausefellowalumnirecognizethatyoudidn’tnecessarilyhaveaneasypathtofollow.Theymightbemorewillingtooffercareerhelp,becauseyourlessfamousschooldenotesthat,likethem,youarealsofullofenergyandperseverance.

[K]TheWashingtonPostreportedonarecentstudybyPrincetoneconomists,inwhichcollegegraduateswhoappliedtothemostselectiveschoolsinthe12thgradewerecomparedtothosewhoappliedtoslightlylessselectiveschools.【39】They found that students with more potential earned more as adults,and the reverse held true as well, no matter where they went to school. [L]Likewise,starfacultyarenotalwaysfoundwhereyou'dexpect.Bignameschoolsarenotnecessarilythebestplacesforprofessors

；

plus,manyprofessorssplitteachingtimebetweenmultiplecollegesand/oruniversities.Thismeans,forinstance,aCUNYstudentcouldreasonablyexpecttoreceivethesamequalityofinstructionfromaprestigiousprofessorastheywouldiftheywereenrolledinthesameclassatNYU.

[M]It'spossiblethatsomehiringmanagersmaybedrawntocandidateswithaparticulareducationalresume,butit'snoguarantee.Accordingtoa2012surveydescribedinTheAtlantic,collegereputationrankedlowestinrelativeimportanceofattributesinevaluatinggraduatesforhire,beatenoutbytopfactorslikeinternships,employmentduringcollege,collegemajor,volunteerexperience,andextracurriculars.

[N]【42】Maybe students who choose less prestigious universities are bound to succeed because they are determined to. I tend to think so. In any case, if I could do it again, I'd still make the same choice. TodayI'mdebt-free,resourceful—

andIunderstandthateventheshiniestpackagingcan'tpredictwhatyou'll findontheinside. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

解析: 做段落匹配题，由于时间限制，需要快速阅读，大眼一看，就得得出答案，否则将影响后后面的写作。

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第一步：仔细阅读给出的选项36-45，

第二步：带着问题读一段文章，结合给出的选项做出选择，找不到的先放到一边，接着读下一段。 第三步：完成第二步后将剩余的没有匹配的题目 第四步：如果有时间的话可以检测一下，看有没有错误

【杀掉拦路虎】 1. diligently [?d?l?d??ntl?]

adv. 勤勉地，勤奋地;用心;孜孜不倦

2. Advanced Placement [?d?vɑ:nst ?ple?sm?nt] 跳级（生）

3. juggle [?d??ɡl]

vt. 用?玩杂耍，边抛边接;歪曲，篡改;欺骗;失去平衡;

vi. 玩杂耍;耍花招;欺骗; n. 玩杂耍;花招，骗局

4. prestige [pres?ti:?]

n. 威信，威望，声望;声誉;（财势的）显赫;信望

5. curriculum [k??rikjul?m] n. 全部课程，课程

6. rigorous [?riɡ?r?s]

adj. 严密的;缜密的;严格的;枯燥的

7. alumni [??l?mna?]

n. （男）校友，（男）毕业生;校友( alumnus的名词复数 )

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8. naive [nɑ:?i:v]

adj. 幼稚的;天真的;单纯的

9. snobby [?sn?bi] adj. 势利的

10. inferior [?n?f??ri?(r)]

adj.（质量等）低劣的；下级的，下等的；（位置在）下面的；[植]下位的

n.部下，下属；次品；晚辈；[印]下角码

11. counterpart [?kaunt?pɑ:t]

n. 配对物;副本;相对物;极相似的人或物

12. oblige [??blaid?]

vt. 强制，强迫;使负债务;使感激;施惠于; vi. 施恩惠;帮忙，效劳

13. tuition [tju?i??n] n. 学费;教学，讲授

14. room and board [ru:m ?nd b?:d] n. 食宿

15. overall [??uv?r?:l]

adj. 全部的;全体的;一切在内的;综合的; adv. 全面地;总地;总的说来;

n. 工装裤;罩衫;〈英〉（军官的）紧身军裤

16. Atlanta [?t?l?nt?]

n. 亚特兰大（美国佐治亚州首府） [地名] [美国] 亚特兰大

17. consolation [?k?ns??le???n]

n. 安慰，慰问;起安慰作用的人（或事物）

18. faculty [?f?k?lti]

n. 能力，才能;全体教职员;<英>（大学的）专科，系;特权，特许

19. supplement by [?s?pliment bai] 通过?增补[补充]

20. deceased [d??si:st]

adj. <法，正>已故的，已死的; n. 死者;

v. 死，死亡(decease的过去式和过去分词)

21. savings account [?seivi?z ??kaunt] n. 储蓄存款账户

22. glamorous [?gl?m?r?s]

adj. 富有魅力的;迷人的;富于刺激的;独特的

23. Ultimately ['?ltim?tli] adv. 最后，最终;基本上;根本;郅

24. hearty [?hɑ:ti:]

adj. 衷心的，热诚的;健壮的，精神饱满的;丰盛的;猛烈的;

n. 朋友们，伙伴们;（英国大学的）运动员

25. perseverance [?p?:s??v??r?ns] n. 坚持不懈，不屈不挠

26. Princeton [?prinst?n]

n. 普林斯顿 [地名] [加拿大、美国] 普林斯顿

27. selective [s??lekt?v]

adj. 精心选择的;选择的，不普遍的;淘汰的

28. reverse [ri?v?:s]

vt.& vi. （使）反转;（使）颠倒;掉换，交换;[法]撤消，推翻; vi. 倒退;[桥牌]逆叫;

adj. 反面的;颠倒的;倒开的;[生]倒卷的; n. 倒转，反向;[机]回动;倒退;失败

29. Likewise [?laikwaiz] adv. 同样地;也，而且

30. prestigious [pre?sti:d??s, -?st?d??s]

adj. 受尊敬的，有声望的;<古>魔术的，欺骗的

31. hiring [?hai?ri?]

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n. 雇用，租赁; adj. 雇用的，租赁的;

v. 聘用( hire的现在分词 );录用;雇用;租用

32. Atlantic [?t?l?nt?k] 在大西洋里的，近大西洋的;

(the Atlantic)大西洋 [地名] [美国] 大西洋城

33. evaluating [i?v?ljueit??]

v. 评价( evaluate的现在分词 );求?的值（或数）;对?评价;[数学、逻辑学]求?的数值

34. reluctant [ri?l?kt?nt]

adj. 不情愿的，勉强的;顽抗的;难处理的;厌恶的

36.Modestinstitutionscanalsohavesuccessfulgraduatesandstrongalumninetworks. 36.【答案】J

【解析】关键词： successfulgraduates， Modest institutions，strong alumni networks，根据【36】Ludacris and the former CEO of Bank of America Ken Lewis are alumni of my college, as well as VICE's first female editor-in-chief, Ellis Jones. Successful people tend to be successful no matter where they go to school, and lower-tier schools can have alumni networks just as strong as their big name counterparts. 可以定位到J段，因此本题的正确答案为J选项

37.Themoneytheauthormadeinhighschoolhelpedpayforherlivingexpensesandbooksatcollege. 【答案】G

【解析】关键词：reached an agreement，Themoney ， payforherlivingexpensesandbooks根据【37】 Living costs and books I paid for with money earned during high school 可以定位到G段，因此本题的正确答案为G选项

38.Theauthorcametoseehowcostlycollegeeducationcouldbewhenshewastryingtochooseauniversitytoattend. 【答案】C

【解析】关键词：howcostlycollegeeducationcouldbe根据【38】 Up until then, I hadn't truly realized just how expensive an education can be. 可以定位到C段，因此本题的正确答案为C选项

39.Arecentstudyfoundthatagraduate'ssalaryisdeterminedbytheirpotential,nottheuniversitytheyattended.

【答案】K

【解析】关键词：graduate's salary,their potential, the university 根据【39】They found that

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students with more potential earned more as adults,and the reverse held true as well, no matter where they went to school.可以定位到K段，因此本题的正确答案为K选项 40.Theauthorcannotrecallforsurewhatmadecertaintopuniversitiesappearalotbetter. 【答案】B

【解析】关键词：recallfor , topuniversitiesappearalotbetter.根据【40】Looking back now, nine years later, I can't remember exactly what it was about these universities that made them seem so much better.可以定位到B段，上述是对红线部分的概述，因此本题的正确答案为B选项

41.Noneoftheauthor'sjobinterviewerscaredwhichcollegeshewentto.

【答案】H

【解析】关键词：jobinterviewers,whichcollegeshewentto根据【41】And yet, not a single interviewer has ever asked me about my educational background. 可知，本题是对本段的陈述，因此本题的正确答案为H选项

42.Theauthorthinksshedidtherightthinginchoosingalessprestigiousuniversity. 【答案】N

【解析】关键词：lessprestigiousuniversity根据【42】Maybe students who choose less prestigious universities are bound to succeed because they are determined to. I tend to think so. In any case, if I could do it again, I'd still make the same choice. 可以定位到N段，因此本题的正确答案为N选项

43.Inordertobeadmittedtoaprestigiousuniversity,theauthortookpartinvariousextracurricularactivitiesandattendedtestpreparationcourses. 【答案】A 【

解

析

】

关

键

词

：

aprestigiousuniversity，

variousextracurricularactivitiesandattendedtestpreparationcourses根据]【43】As a high school junior, everything in my life revolved around getting into the right college. I diligently attended my SAT, ACT, and Advanced Placement test preparation courses. I juggled (尽力应付）cross-country and track schedules, newspaper staff, and my church's youth group and drama team. I didn't drink, party, or even do much dating. The right college, I thought, was one with prestige, one with a name.

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It didn't have to be the Ivy League, but it needed to be a \ 上述是对红线部分的概述，因此本题的正确答案为A选项

44.Theauthorlikedheruniversitywhichwasnotprestigiousbutlessexpensive. 【答案】E

【解析】关键词：likedheruniversity ，notprestigiousbutlessexpensive.根据【44】 I loved my \(低层次的)university. (I use the term \cautiously, because GSU is a well-regarded research institution that attracts high quality professors and faculty from all over the country. ) We are taught to believe that only by going to the best schools and getting the best grades can we escape the rat race and build a better future. But what if lower-tier colleges and universities were the ticket to escaping the rat race? After all，where else can you leave school with a decent degree—but without a lifetime of debt?可以定位到E段，因此本题的正确答案为E选项

45.Collegesarereluctanttoadmitthatgraduatestodayareinheavierdebt.

【答案】I

【解析】关键词：reluctanttoadmitthatgraduates， inheavierdebt.根据【44】Laura Chigi, a grandmother at the march, says the local and national governments have failed to do anything about the crowds for decades, because they 're only interested in tourism—the primary industry in Venice, worth more than $3 billion in 2015. “Venice is a cash cow,” she says, “and everyone wants a piece. ''可以定位到I段，因此本题的正确答案为I选项

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago?

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In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the CensusBureau，which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. 【46】Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that： 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation likeemployer-provided health insurance ； and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income.

While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, 【47】which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time.

The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U. S. and France in 2005.

In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U. S. , making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. 【48】However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours； they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like； and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U. S. Because of these differences, comparing France's consumption with the U. S.'s overstates the gap in economic welfare.

Similar calculations can be used to compare the U. S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U. S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%.

【49】The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy's performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U. S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007 , economic welfare in the U. S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly.

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Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 【杀掉拦路虎】

1. Economically [?i:k??n?m?k?l?] adv. 节约地;节省地;经济地;在经济上

2. commentator [?k?m?n?te?t?]

n. （电台的）时事评论员，实况广播报导员;注解者，注释者;评论员，解说员;主持[解释]宗教仪式的非教士

3. seize [si:z]

vt.& vi.抓住；逮捕；捉拿；俘获 vt.夺取；占领；起获；没收

4. Census Bureau [?sens?s ?bju?r?u] 人口调查局

5. Census [?sens?s]

n. 人口普查，统计;人口财产调查

6. Bureau [?bju?r?u]

n. 局;（提供某方面信息的）办事处;（美国政府部门）局;（附抽屉及活动写字台的）书桌

7. flawed [fl?:d]

adj. 有缺点的;有缺陷的;错误的

8. compensation [?k?mpen?sei??n] n. 补偿，赔偿;修正;补救办法

9. exclude [iks?klu:d]

vt. 排除，不包括;排斥;驱除，赶出

10. comprehensive [?k?mpri?hensiv]

adj. 广泛的;综合的;有理解力的，悟性好的;[保险业]总体担保的;

n. [常用复数]专业综合考试;综合学校;综合性中学

11. take into account [teik ??ntu? ??kaunt] v. 重视，考虑;顾及

12. Moreover [m?:?r?uv?] adv. 再者;此外;而且;同时

13. illustrated [?il?streitid] n. 有插画的报章杂志; adj. 有插图的;

v. 给?加插图( illustrate的过去式和过去分词 );说明;表明（;用示例、图画等）说明vt. （用图，实例等）说明，阐明

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14. comparison [k?m?p?ris?n] n. 比较，对照;[语]比喻;比较级

15. omit [?u?mit]

vt. 省略;遗漏;删掉;未（做）

16. and the like [?nd e? laik]

adv. 等等;以及诸如此类， 诸如此类;什么的;以此类推

17. somewhat [?s?mhw?t] adv. 稍微;有点;达到某种程度; n. 少量;某些数量;某种程度

18. overstate [???v??ste?t]

vt. 夸大（某事）;把?讲得过分;夸张

19. estimate [?est??meit]

n. 估计，预测;报价，预算书;评价，判断; vt. 估计，估算;评价，评论;估量，估价

20. Methodological [?meθ?d??l?d??k?l] adj. 方法的，方法论的;教学法的

21. emission [??m???n]

n. 排放，辐射;排放物，散发物（尤指气体）;（书刊）发行，发布（通知）

22. questionable [?kwest??n?b?l]

adj. 可疑的，有疑问的; adv. 可疑地，不真实地

23. statistics [st??tistiks]

n. 统计，统计学，统计法，统计资料;统计数字;“statistic”的复数

24. revolutionize [rev??lu?(?)n?a?z] vt. 发动革命;彻底改革;使革命化; vi. 革命化;引起革命

25. livelihood [?la?vli:?h?d] n. 生活，生计;谋生之道;营生

26. in terms of

根据;用?的话;就?而言;以?为单位

27. accurately [??kjur?tl?]

adv. 正确无误地，准确地;精确地;如实

28. pinpoint [?pinp?int]

vt. 确定，准确地指出;精准定位; n. 针尖，尖头;精确位置;极小之物; adj. 精确的，精准的;详尽的

29. diagnose [?dai?ɡn?uz] vt. 诊断;判断; vi. 做出诊断

46.What does the author think of the 2015 report by the Census Bureau?

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A)It is based on questionable statistics. B)It reflects the economic changes. C)It evidences the improved welfare. D)It provides much food for thought. 【答案】A

【解析】 本题为细节题，由【46】Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. 可知：不幸的是这个结论过于依赖一个有用但有缺陷和不完整的统计数据；选项A：它建立在有问题的数据之上；符合原文，因此，本题的正确选项为A项。选项B：它折射出经济的变化；选项C：它证明来社会福利的改善；选项D：它让人深思，文中均为提及，故排除。

47.What does the author say about the Jones-Klenow method? A)It is widely used to compare the economic growth across countries. B)It revolutionizes the way of measuring ordinary people's livelihood. C)It focuses on people's consumption rather than their average income. D)It is a more comprehensive measure of people's economic well-being. 【答案】D

【解析】 本题为细节题，由【47】which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality.可知：它提倡一种有趣的新的经济福利的衡量方法，它绝不是最好的，但他比平均收入更广泛，不仅把每个人消费增长考虑在内，而且把工作时间的改变，平均寿命，不平等性考虑在内；选项D：它是一种更广泛地衡量人们经济幸福指数的方法。符合原文要求，选项A：它广泛运用于比较不同国家的经济增长；选项B：它彻底改变来衡量大众民生的方法；原文未提及，故排除，选项C：它关注大众消费而不是平均收入；不符合原文，原文中说比平均收入更广泛，而不是没有关注，本题的正确选项为D项。

48.What do Jones and Klenow think of the comparison between France and the U. S. in terms of real consumption per person?

A)It reflected the existing big gap between the two economies. B)It neglected many important indicators of people’s welfare.

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C)It covered up the differences between individual citizens. D)It failed to count in their difference in natural resources. 【答案】C

【解析】 本题为细节题，由【48】However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. 可知：然而，两者对比，缺少了其他相关因素：空闲时间，平均寿命，经济不平等；选项B：它缺少了很多重要的人民幸福指示；符合原文要求，因此，本题的正确选项为B项。

49.What is an advantage of the Jones-Klenow method?

A) Itcan accurately pinpoint a country's current economic problems. B)It can help to raise people's awareness of their economic well-being.

C)It can diagnose the causes of a country's slowing pace of economic improvement. D)It can compare a country's economic conditions between different periods of time. 【答案】D

【解析】 本题为细节题，由【49】The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy's performance over time. 可知：Jones-Klenow的方法也能够评估不同时期的经济实绩；选项D：它能够比较一个国家不同时期的经济状况；是对原文的同义转述。因此，本题的正确选项为D项。

50.What can we infer from the passage about American people's economic well-being? A)It is much better than that of their European counterparts. B)It has been on the decline ever since the turn of the century. C)It has not improved as much as reported by the Census Bureau. D) It has not been accurately assessed and reported since mid-2000s. 【答案】C

【解析】 本题为推断题，需要对全文有深入了解，选项A：它要比欧洲国家好的多，原文倒数第三段说英国的经济福利相当于美国的97%，水平相当，故A选项错误，；选项B：本世纪初以来，美国经济一直走下坡路；原文中未提及，故排除。选项C：Census Bureau对美国经济福利的报告，数据存在种种缺陷，由此可以推断，美国经济福利并没有报道的那么好；符合文意，D选项：从2000年中期，美国经济福利没有精确地评估和报道，文章中未提及，故排除。综上所述，本题的正确选项为C项。

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Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

If you've ever started a sentence with, \…\colleague's agony over a decision when the answer is crystal-clear, there's a scientific reason behind it. 【51】Our own decision-making abilities can become depleted over the course of the day causing indecision or poor choices，but choosing on behalf of someone else is an enjoyable task that doesn't suffer the same pitfalls.

The problem is \your choices after a long day of decision making, says Evan Polman, a leading psychologist.

【52】Physicians who have been on the job for several hours, for example, are more likely to prescribe antibiotics to patients when it's unwise to do so. \ Presumably it's because it's simple and easy to write a prescription and consider a patient case closed rather than investigate further,\Polman says.

【53】But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else. When people imagine themselves as advisers and imagine their own choices as belonging to someone else, they feel less tired and rely less on decision shortcuts to make those choices. \taking upon the role of adviser rather than decision maker, one does not suffer the consequences of decision fatigue，\\

Getting input from others not only offers a fresh perspective and thought process, it often also includes riskier choices. While this sounds undesirable, it can be quite good, says Polman.【54】\people experience decision fatigue—when they are tired of making choices—they have a tendency to choose to go with the status quo (现状)，\he says. \change in the course of action can sometimes be important and lead to a positive outcome. \

【55】In order to achieve a successful outcome or reward, some level of risk is almost always essential. \who are susceptible to decision fatigue will likely choose to do nothing over something,\decision fatigue assuredly leads to inaction and the possible chagrin (澳恼)of a decision maker who might otherwise prefer a new course but is unfortunately hindered. \

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Just because you can make good choices for others doesn’t mean you'11 do the same for yourself, Polman cautions. \themselves,\注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 【杀掉拦路虎】

1. scratch one's head [skr?t? w?nz hed] v. 搔头皮;挠头;搔搔头皮;抓耳挠腮

2. agony [??ɡ?ni]

n. 极大的痛苦;苦恼，烦闷;临死的挣扎;（感情的）迸发

3. depleted [di?pli:tid] adj. 废弃的;

v. <正>使大大的减少，使空虚( deplete的过去式和过去分词 );耗尽，使枯竭

4. pitfall [?pitf?:l] n. 陷阱;圈套;诱惑

5. fatigue [f??ti:ɡ]

n. 疲劳，疲乏;劳务杂役;（士兵穿的）工作服; vt. 使疲劳;使疲乏; vi. 疲劳

6. psychological [?saik??l?d?ik?l]

adj. 心理的;精神上的，精神（现象）的;心理学（上）的;关于心理学的

7. phenomenon [fi?n?min?n,f??n?m?n?n] n. 现象，事件;奇迹;非凡的人

8. toll [t?ul]

n. 税，通行税;通行费;（通行税等的）征收权;长途电话费; vi. 鸣钟;收费;征税;

vt. 向?征收捐税;向?收通行费;敲钟，鸣钟;为?敲丧钟

9. psychologist [sa??k?l?d??st] n. 心理学研究者，心理学家

10. prescribe [pri?skraib] vt. 指定，规定;

vi. 建立规定，法律或指示;开处方，给医嘱

11. antibiotics [??nt?ba???t?ks]

n. （用作复数）抗生素;（用作单数）抗生物质的研究;<微>抗生素，抗菌素( antibiotic的名词复数 )

12. Presumably [pr??zju?m?bli] adv. 据推测;大概;可能;想来

13. prescription [pris?krip??n]

n. [医]药方，处方;处方药;训令，指示;法规

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2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷详细答案精品版（三套全）

14. liberate [?lib?reit] vt. 解放;释放;释出，放出

15. perspective [p??spektiv]

n. 透镜，望远镜;观点，看法;远景，景色;洞察力;

adj. （按照）透视画法的;透视的

16. essential [i?sen??l]

adj. 基本的;必要的;本质的;精华的; n. 必需品;基本要素;必不可少的东西

17. susceptible [s??sept?bl]

adj. 易受影响的;易受感染的;善感的;可以接受或允许的

18. whereas [hw??r??z] conj. 鉴于;然而;反之;

n. “鉴于?”：正式文件的介绍性陈述，开场白;条件性陈述

19. inaction [?n??k??n] n. 不活动;不活跃;迟钝;懒散

20. chagrin [???gr?n]

n. （由失败等引起的）懊恼，懊丧，悔恨; vt. 使懊恼，使懊丧，使悔恨

21. hinder [?hind?]

vt.& vi. 阻碍，妨碍;成为阻碍; adj. 后面的，后方的

22. be susceptible to [bi: s??sept?bl tu:] v. 对?敏感，可被?

23. shortcut [???:t?k?t] n. 捷径，近路;被切短的东西

24. refrain [ri?frein] vt. 抑制，克制;

n. （诗歌的）叠句，副歌;经常重复的评价（或抱怨）; vi. 忍耐，节制

25. entail [in?teil]

vt. 使蒙受，使产生;必须，使承担;[法]限定（继承人）;遗留给，转给（弊害等）;

n. 限定继承，限定继承权;限定继承的财产;预定继承人的顺序

51.What does the author say about people making decisions?

A)They may become exhausted by making too many decisions for themselves. B)They are more cautious in making decisions for others than for themselves. C)They tend to make decisions the way they think advantageous to them. D)They show considerable differences in their decision-making abilities. 【答案】A

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【解析】 本题为细节题，由【51】Our own decision-making abilities can become depleted over the course of the day causing indecision or poor choices，可知：我们的决策能力在一天的时间里逐渐废弃，导致优柔寡断和不理想的选择；选项A：他们为自己做太多决定，而变得非常疲惫；是对原文的同义转述，选项B：在为其他人做决定的时候，他们变得更加谨慎；原文中说的是，他们在给别人做决定的时候，变得更加愉快，因此排除B选项，选项C、D文中未提及，故排除，综上所述，本题的正确选项为A项。

52.What does the example about the physicians illustrate? A)Patients seldom receive due care towards the end of the day. B)Prescription of antibiotics can be harmful to patients’health. C)Decision fatigue may prevent people making wise decisions. D)Medical doctors are especially susceptible to decision fatigue. 【答案】C

【解析】 本题为推断题，由【52】Physicians who have been on the job for several hours, for example, are more likely to prescribe antibiotics to patients when it's unwise to do so. \可知：医生在工作几个小时以后，很有可能给病人开，抗生素的药物，尽管这是一种不明智的做法；举这个例子就是在说明，人在疲倦的时候容易犯错，做出不明智的选择。选项C：决策疲劳能够阻止人们做出更加明智的选择；符合问题的要求，因此，本题的正确选项为C项。

53.When do people feel less decision fatigue? A)When they take decision shortcuts. B)When they help others to make decisions. C)When they have major decisions to make. D)When they have advisers to turn to. 【答案】B

【解析】 本题为细节题，由【53】But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else. 可知：决策疲劳就消失了，当你跟别人下决定的时候；选项B：你帮助其他人做决定的时候；符合问题的要求，因此，本题的正确选项为B项。

54.What are people likely to do when decision fatigue sets in? A)They turn to physicians for advice.

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B)They tend to make risky decisions. C)They adopt a totally new perspective. D)They refrain from trying anything new. 【答案】D

【解析】 本题为细节题，由【54】\—when they are tired of making choices—they have a tendency to choose to go with the status quo (现状)，\可知：当人们经历决策疲劳的时候，他们厌倦了作出选择，他们有一个选择现状的倾向；选项D：他们克制不要尝试任何别的东西，即保持原有的选择，因此，本题的正确选项为D项。

55.What does the passage say about taking some risk in decision making? A)It is vital for one to reach the goal desired. B)It is likely to entail serious consequences. C)It will enable people to be more creative. D)It will more often than not end in regret. 【答案】A

【解析】 本题为细节题，由【55】In order to achieve a successful outcome or reward, some level of risk is almost always essential. 可知：为了争取一个成功的结果和奖赏，冒一些风险总是必要的；选项A；为了达到理想的目标，对一个人来说，这是极其必要的，是对红色划线部分的推理延伸，因此，本题的正确选项为A项。

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

中国目前拥有世界上最大最快的高速铁路网。高铁列车的运行速度还将继续提升，更多的城市将修建高铁站。高铁大大缩短了人们出行的时间。相对飞机而言，高轶列车的突出优势在于准时，因为基本不受天气或交通管制的影响。高铁极大地改变了中国人的生活方式。如今，它已经成了很多人商务旅行的首选交通工具。越来越多的人也在假日乘高铁外出旅游。还有不少年轻人选择在一个城市工作而在邻近城市居住，每天乘高铁上下班。

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

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【参考译文】

China now has the largest and fastest high-speed railway network in the world. The speed of high-speed trains will continue to rise, and more cities will build high-speed rail stations. High-speed trains greatly shorten people’s travel time. Compared with airplane,outstanding advantage of high-speed trainsover aircraft is punctuality, because it is largely unaffected by weather or traffic control. High-speed rail has greatly changed the way of life of the Chinese people. Now, it has become the preferred vehicle for many people to travel to business. More and more people also travel on high-speed trains on holidays. A large number of young people choose to work in a city,while they live in a neighboring one, because they can go to and from workby high speed railways train everyday.

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2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷（一）

Part I Writing (30 minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)

Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust

between

employers

and

employees. You can cite examples to illustrate yourviews. you should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A

Directions:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1. A) It is a typical salad. B)It is a Spanish soup. C)It is a weird vegetable. D)It is a kind of spicy food.

2.A) To make it thicker. B)To make it more nutritious. C)To add to its appeal. D)To replace an ingredient.

3. A) It contains very little fat.

B)It uses olive oil in cooking.

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C)It uses no artificial additives. D)It is mainly made of vegetables.

4. A) It does not go stale for two years. B)It takes no special skill to prepare. C)It comes from a special kind of pig. D)It is a delicacy blended with bread.

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

5. A)They come inagreatvariety. B) They do notmakedecentgifts. C)They donot varymuchinprice. D)They gowell withItalianfood.

6. A)$30 - $40.C)$50 - $60. B)$40 - $50.D)Around$150.

7.A) They are a healthy choice for elderly people. B)They are especially popular among Italians. C)They symbolize good health and longevity. D)They go well with different kinds of food.

8. A) It in a wine imported from California. B)It is less spicy than all other red wines. C)It is far more expensive than he expected. D) It is Italy's most famous type of red wine.

Section B

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Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.

9.A) Learning others' secrets. C) Decoding secret messages.

B)Searching for information. D) Spreading sensational news.

10.A) They helped the U. S. army in World War Two.

B)They could write down spoken codes promptly. C)They were assigned to decode enemy messages. D)They were good at breaking enemy secret codes.

11.A) Important battles fought in the Pacific War.

B)Decoding of secret messages in war times. C)A military code that was never broken. D)Navajo Indians' contribution to code breaking.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.

12.A) All services will be personalized.

B)A lot of knowledge-intensive jobs will be replaced. C)Technology will revolutionize all sectors of industry. D)More information will be available.

13.A) In the robotics industry. C) In the personal care sector.

B)In the information service. D) In high-end manufacturing.

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14.A) They charge high prices.

B)They need lots of training.

C)They cater to the needs of young people. D)They focus on customers' specific needs.

15.A) The rising demand in education and healthcare in the next 20 years.

B)The disruption caused by technology in traditionally well-paid jobs. C)The tremendous changes new technology will bring to people's lives. D)The amazing amount of personal attention people would like to have.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to18 are based on the recording you have just heard.

16. A)ItwasthelongestroadinancientEgypt.

B)Itwasconstructedsome500yearsago. C)Itlay8milesfromthemonumentsites. D)Itlinkedastonepittosomewaterways.

17.A)Sawsusedforcuttingstone.

B) Traces left by early explorers. C)Anancientgeographicalmap. D)Somestonetoolsegments.

18.A)Totransportstonestoblockfloods.

B)Toprovideservicesforthestonepit.

C)Tolinkthevariousmonumentsites.

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D)ToconnectthevillagesalongtheNile.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.

19.A)Dr.Gongdidn'tgivehimanyconventionaltests.

B)Dr.Gongmarkedhisofficewithahand-paintedsign. C)Dr.Gongdidn'taskhimanyquestionsabouthispain. D)Dr.Gongslippedinneedleswherehefeltnopain.

20.A)Hehadheardofthewondersacupuncturecouldwork.

B)Dr.GongwasveryfamousinNewYork'sChinatown. C)Previousmedicaltreatmentsfailedtorelievehispain. D)Hefoundtheexpensivemedicaltestsunaffordable.

21.A)Moreandmorepatientsaskforthetreatment.

B)Acupuncturetechniqueshavebeenperfected. C)Itdoesn'tneedtheconventionalmedicaltests. D)Itdoesnothaveanynegativesideeffects.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.

22.A)Theywereonthevergeofbreakingup.

B)Theywerecompatibledespitedifferences.

C)Theyquarreledalotandneverresolvedtheirarguments. D)Theyarguedpersistentlyaboutwhethertohavechildren.

23.A)Neitherofthemhasanybrothersorsisters.

B)Neitherofthemwontheirparents'favor. C)Theyweren'tspoiledintheirchildhood.

D)They didn't liketobetheappleoftheirparents'eyes.

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24.A)Theyareusuallygoodatmakingfriends.

B)Theytendtobeadventurousandcreative. C)Theyareoftencontentwithwhattheyhave. D)Theytendtobeself-assuredandresponsible.

25.A)Theyenjoymakingfriends.

B)Theytendtobewelladjusted. C)Theyareleastlikelytotakeinitiative. D)Theyusuallyhavesuccessfulmarriages.

Part Ⅲ

Section A

Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices, Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

When Elon Musk says that his new priority is using artificial intelligence to build domestic robots, we should look forward to the day in admiration.

Mr. Musk is a guy who gets things done. The founder of two tech companies, Tesla Motors andSpaceX, is bringing electric vehicles to mass market and(26)_______ humans to live on other planets. This sounds like so much hot air, but the near $13 billion fortune this entrepreneur has(27)_______ comes from practical achievements rather than hypothetical ones.

A lot of clever people are(28)_______ about artificial intelligence, fearing that robots will one day become so(29)_______ that they’ll murder all of us. These fears are mostly(30)_______ : as with hysteria

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aboutgenetic modification, we humans are generally wise enough to manage these problems with speed and care.

And just think of how wonderful it would be if you had a live-in robot. It could,(31)_______, be like having a babysitter and a nurse rolled into one—or, if that required (32)_______ intelligence beyond the power of Mr. Musk’ s imagined machine, at least someone to chop the carrots, wash the car and mow the lawn. Once purchased and trained, this would allow the(33)_______user to save money and time, freeing up(34)_______space in our busy lives to read a good book.

That is why we welcome Mr. Musk' s latest(35)_______ , and wish him well. As long as robots add to thesum of human happiness, reduce suffering, and create time to read world-class journalism, we should be their fans. Especially since journalism is one job robots will never do. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A)amassed F) exaggerated K)reward

B) casual G)extravagant L)smart C) emotional H) generously M) sphere D) enabling I) misleading N) terrified E) eventually J) precious O) venture Section B

Directions:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

In the Real World, Nobody Cares that You Went to an Ivy League School

[A]Asahighschooljunior,everythinginmyliferevolvedaroundgettingintotherightcollege.IdiligentlyattendedmySAT,ACT,andAdvancedPlacementtestpreparationcourses.Ijuggled(

尽

力

应

付

）

cross-countryandtrackschedules,newspaperstaff,andmychurch'syouthgroupanddramateam.Ididn'tdrink,party,orevendomuchdating.Therightcollege,Ithought,wasonewithprestige,onewithaname.Itdidn'thavetobetheIvyLeague,butitneededtobea\

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[B]Lookingbacknow,nineyearslater,Ican'trememberexactlywhatitwasabouttheseuniversitiesthatmadethemseemsomuchbetter.Wasitacurriculumthatappearedmorerigorous,perhaps?OranalumninetworkthatIhopedwouldopendoorsdowntheline?Maybe.\bethGasman,aprofessorofhighereducationattheUniversityofPennsylvania.\sontogotoone.\

[C]Inreflection,myfirmbeliefinthepowerofthebrandwasnaive,nottomentionabitsnobby.Iquicklypassedoverstateschoolsandsouthernschools,believingtheircurriculumstobeautomaticallyinferiortonortheasternorwesterncounterparts.Instead,IdreamedoflivinginNewYorkCityandmyparentsobligedmewithavisittoNewYorkUniversity's(NYU)campus.Duringthetour,tuitionfeeswerediscussed.(NYUisconsistentlyrankedoneofthecountry,smostexpensiveschools,withroomandboardcoststotalingupwardsof$64,000ayear.)Upuntilthen,Ihadn'ttrulyrealizedjusthowexpensiveaneducationcanbe.Overthenextfewmonths,IrealizednotonlycouldInotaffordmydreamschool,Icouldn'tevenaffordtheoneswhereI'dbeenaccepted.CityUniversityofNewYork(CUNY)

，

RutgersUniversity,andIndianaUniversitywereoutofreachaswereMississippiStateandtheUniversityofAlabama,whereIwouldhavetopayout-of-statefees.Furthercomplicatingmycollegesearchwasaflourishingtrackcareer—Iwantedtokeeprunningbutmytimesweren'tquitefastenoughtosecureascholarship.

[D]Andso,at11pmonthenightofGeorgiaStateUniversity's(GSU)midnightdeadline,Iappliedonline.RatedNo.466overallonForbes'ListsTopColleges,No.183inResearchUniversities,andNo.108intheSouth,Ican'tsayitwasmytopchoice.Still,thetrackcoachhadofferedmeawalk-onspot,andIactuallyfoundtheurbanAtlantacampusadecentconsolationprizeafterNewYorkCity.

[E]Whileitmayhavebeenpractical,itwasn'tprestigious.Buthere'sthething：Ilovedmy\lower-tier(低层次的)university.(Iusetheterm\highqualityprofessorsandfacultyfromalloverthecountry.)Wearetaughttobelievethatonlybygoingtothebestschoolsandgettingthebestgradescanweescapetheratraceandbuildabetterfuture.Butwhatiflower-tiercollegesanduniversitieswerethetickettoescapingtheratrace?Afterall，whereelsecanyouleaveschoolwithadecentdegree—butwithoutalifetimeofdebt?

[F]Myschooldidn’tcomepre-packagedlikethemorepopularoptions,sowewerelefttotakecareofourselves,figuringoutcitylifeandtryingtocompletedegreeprogramsthatnoonewaschampioningforustosucceedin.WhatI'msayingis,Ilovedmyuniversitybecauseittaughtusalltoberesourcefulandwecouldmakewhatwewantedoutofit. [G]Iwasluckyenoughtohavemytuitioncoveredbyalottery-fundedscholarshipcalledHOPE(HelpingOutstandingPupilsEducationally).WhenIstartedcollege,theHOPEscholarshipwasfundedbythestateofGeorgiaandoffer

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edtograduatinghighschoolseniorswithaGPAof3.0orhigher.LivingcostsandbooksIpaidforwithmoneyearnedduringhighschool,supplementedbyasmallcollegefundmydeceasedgrandfatherleftformeandamodestsavingsaccountmyparentscreatedwhenIwasborn.

[H]Sowhataboutallthatnamerecognition?Sure,manyofmycolleaguesandcompetitorshavemoreglamorousalmamaters(

母

校)thanIdo.Asajournalist,IhavecompetedagainstNYU,Columbia,andNortheasterngraduatesforjobs.Andyet,notasingleinterviewerhaseveraskedmeaboutmyeducationalbackground.Infact,almosteveryinterviewI'veeverhadwasduetoaconnection—onethatI'vegainedthroughpuredetermination,notaschoolbrand.

[I]AccordingtoTheBostonGlobe,studentswhoearnedtheirbachelor'sin2012haveanaveragemonthlyloanpaymentof$312,whichisone-thirdmorethanthosewhograduatedin2004.Ultimately,that'sthethinguniversitiesdon'twanttoadmit.Privateuniversitiesaremoney-makinginstitutions.Ifyoucanaffordtobuyprestige,that'syourchoice.Fortherestofus,however,ourheartylower-tiereduniversitiesarejustfine,thankyou.

[J]Wealthyuniversitiestalkupthebenefitstheirnamewillgivegraduates:namely,strongalumninetworks,starfaculty,andaresumeboost.Butyouneedn'tattendanIvyLeagueschooltoreapthoserewards.LudacrisandtheformerCEOofBankofAmericaKenLewisarealumniofmycollege,aswellasVICE'sfirstfemaleeditor-in-chief,EllisJones.Successfulpeopletendtobesuccessfulnomatterwheretheygotoschool,andlower-tierschoolscanhavealumninetworksjustasstrongastheirbignamecounterparts.Infact,lower-tierschoolalumninetworksarearguablystronger,becausefellowalumnirecognizethatyoudidn’tnecessarilyhaveaneasypathtofollow.Theymightbemorewillingtooffercareerhelp,becauseyourlessfamousschooldenotesthat,likethem,youarealsofullofenergyandperseverance.

[K]TheWashingtonPostreportedonarecentstudybyPrincetoneconomists,inwhichcollegegraduateswhoappliedtothemostselectiveschoolsinthe12thgradewerecomparedtothosewhoappliedtoslightlylessselectiveschools.Theyfoundthatstudentswithmorepotentialearnedmoreasadults,andthereverseheldtrueaswell,nomatterwheretheywenttoschool.

[L]Likewise,starfacultyarenotalwaysfoundwhereyou'dexpect.Bignameschoolsarenotnecessarilythebestplacesforprofessors

；

plus,manyprofessorssplitteachingtimebetweenmultiplecollegesand/oruniversities.Thismeans,forinstance,aCUNYstudentcouldreasonablyexpecttoreceivethesamequalityofinstructionfromaprestigiousprofessorastheywouldiftheywereenrolledinthesameclassatNYU.

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[M]It'spossiblethatsomehiringmanagersmaybedrawntocandidateswithaparticulareducationalresume,butit'snoguarantee.Accordingtoa2012surveydescribedinTheAtlantic,collegereputationrankedlowestinrelativeimportanceofattributesinevaluatinggraduatesforhire,beatenoutbytopfactorslikeinternships,employmentduringcollege,collegemajor,volunteerexperience,andextracurriculars.

[N]Maybestudentswhochooselessprestigiousuniversitiesareboundtosucceedbecausetheyaredeterminedto.Itendtothinkso.Inanycase,ifIcoulddoitagain,I'dstillmakethesamechoice.TodayI'mdebt-free,resourcefulandIunderstandthateventheshiniestpackagingcan'tpredictwhatyou'll findontheinside. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

36.Modestinstitutionscanalsohavesuccessfulgraduatesandstrongalumninetworks.

37.Themoneytheauthormadeinhighschoolhelpedpayforherlivingexpensesandbooksatcollege.

38.Theauthorcametoseehowcostlycollegeeducationcouldbewhenshewastryingtochooseauniversitytoattend. 39.Arecentstudyfoundthatagraduate'ssalaryisdeterminedbytheirpotential,nottheuniversitytheyattended. 40.Theauthorcannotrecallforsurewhatmadecertaintopuniversitiesappearalotbetter. 41.Noneoftheauthor'sjobinterviewerscaredwhichcollegeshewentto. 42.Theauthorthinksshedidtherightthinginchoosingalessprestigiousuniversity.

43.Inordertobeadmittedtoaprestigiousuniversity,theauthortookpartinvariousextracurricularactivitiesandattendedtestpreparationcourses.

44.Theauthorlikedheruniversitywhichwasnotprestigiousbutlessexpensive. 45.Collegesarereluctanttoadmitthatgraduatestodayareinheavierdebt.

—

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago?

In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the

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CensusBureau，which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that： 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation likeemployer-provided health insurance ； and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income.

While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time.

The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U. S. and France in 2005.

In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U. S. , making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours； they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like； and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U. S. Because of these differences, comparing France's consumption with the U. S.'s overstates the gap in economic welfare.

Similar calculations can be used to compare the U. S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U. S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%.

The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy's performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U. S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007 , economic welfare in the U. S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly.

Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-

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dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

46.What does the author think of the 2015 report by the Census Bureau? A)It is based on questionable statistics. B)It reflects the economic changes. C)It evidences the improved welfare. D)It provides much food for thought.

47.What does the author say about the Jones-Klenow method? A)It is widely used to compare the economic growth across countries. B)It revolutionizes the way of measuring ordinary people's livelihood. C)It focuses on people's consumption rather than their average income. D)It is a more comprehensive measure of people's economic well-being.

48.What do Jones and Klenow think of the comparison between France and the U. S. in terms of real consumption per person?

A)It reflected the existing big gap between the two economies. B)It neglected many important indicators of people’s welfare. C)It covered up the differences between individual citizens. D)It failed to count in their difference in natural resources.

49.What is an advantage of the Jones-Klenow method?

A) Itcan accurately pinpoint a country's current economic problems. B)It can help to raise people's awareness of their economic well-being.

C)It can diagnose the causes of a country's slowing pace of economic improvement. D)It can compare a country's economic conditions between different periods of time.

50.What can we infer from the passage about American people's economic well-being?

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A)It is much better than that of their European counterparts. B)It has been on the decline ever since the turn of the century. C)It has not improved as much as reported by the Census Bureau. D) It has not been accurately assessed and reported since mid-2000s.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

If you've ever started a sentence with, \…\colleague's agony over a decision when the answer is crystal-clear, there's a scientific reason behind it. Our own decision-making abilities can become depleted over the course of the day causing indecision or poor choices，but choosing on behalf of someone else is an enjoyable task that doesn't suffer the same pitfalls.

The problem is \your choices after a long day of decision making, says Evan Polman, a leading psychologist.

Physicians who have been on the job for several hours, for example, are more likely to prescribe antibiotics to patients when it's unwise to do so. \prescription and consider a patient case closed rather than investigate further,\

But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else. When people imagine themselves as advisers and imagine their own choices as belonging to someone else, they feel less tired and rely less on decision shortcuts to make those choices. \rather than decision maker, one does not suffer the consequences of decision fatigue，\there's something fun and liberating about making someone else's choice.''

Getting input from others not only offers a fresh perspective and thought process, it often also includes riskier choices. While this sounds undesirable, it can be quite good, says Polman. \experience decision fatigue—when they are tired of making choices—they have a tendency to choose to go with the status quo (现状)，\course of action can sometimes be important and lead to a positive outcome. \

In order to achieve a successful outcome or reward, some level of risk is almost always essential. \

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\not to say that risk is always good, but it is related to taking action, whereas decision fatigue assuredly leads to inaction and the possible chagrin (澳恼)of a decision maker who might otherwise prefer a new course but is unfortunately hindered. \

Just because you can make good choices for others doesn’t mean you'11 do the same for yourself, Polman cautions. \themselves,\注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

51.What does the author say about people making decisions?

A)They may become exhausted by making too many decisions for themselves. B)They are more cautious in making decisions for others than for themselves. C)They tend to make decisions the way they think advantageous to them. D)They show considerable differences in their decision-making abilities.

52.What does the example about the physicians illustrate? A)Patients seldom receive due care towards the end of the day. B)Prescription of antibiotics can be harmful to patients’health. C)Decision fatigue may prevent people making wise decisions. D)Medical doctors are especially susceptible to decision fatigue.

53.When do people feel less decision fatigue? A)When they take decision shortcuts. B)When they help others to make decisions. C)When they have major decisions to make. D)When they have advisers to turn to.

54.What are people likely to do when decision fatigue sets in? A)They turn to physicians for advice. B)They tend to make risky decisions. C)They adopt a totally new perspective. D)They refrain from trying anything new.

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55.What does the passage say about taking some risk in decision making? A)It is vital for one to reach the goal desired. B)It is likely to entail serious consequences. C)It will enable people to be more creative. D)It will more often than not end in regret.

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

中国目前拥有世界上最大最快的高速铁路网。高铁列车的运行速度还将继续提升，更多的城市将修建高铁站。高铁大大缩短了人们出行的时间。相对飞机而言，高轶列车的突出优势在于准时，因为基本不受天气或交通管制的影响。高铁极大地改变了中国人的生活方式。如今，它已经成了很多人商务旅行的首选交通工具。越来越多的人也在假日乘高铁外出旅游。还有不少年轻人选择在一个城市工作而在邻近城市居住，每天乘高铁上下班。

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

12 B 37 G 13 C 38 C 14 A 39 K 15 B 40 B 16 D 41 H 17 A 42 N 18 B 43 A 19 D 44 E 20 C 45 I 21 A 46 A 22 C 47 D 23 A 48 B 24 D 49 D 25 B 50 C 快速对答案

1 B 26 D 51 A 2 A 27 A 52 C 3 D 28 N 53 B 4 C 29 L 54 D 5 B 30 F 55 A 6 A 31 E 7 D 32 C 8 D 33 B 9 C 34 J 10 A 35 0 11 C 36 J

2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷（二）

Part I Writing (30 minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)

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Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust

between

businesses

and

consumers. You can cite examples to illustrate yourviews. you should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A

Directions:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1.A)Sheadvocatesanimalprotection. B)She sells a special kind of coffee. C)Sheisgoingtostartacafe chain. D)Sheistheownerofaspecialcafe.

2.A)Theybearalotofsimilarities. B)Theyareaprofitablebusinesssector. C)Theycatertodifferentcustomers. D)Theyhelptakecareofcustomers'pets.

3.A)Bygivingthemregularcleaningandinjections. B)Byselectingbreedsthataretameandpeaceful. C)Byplacingthematasafedistancefromcustomers. D)Bybriefingcustomersonhowtogetalongwiththem.

4.A)Theywanttolearnaboutrabbits. B)They like to bring in their children.

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C)Theylovetheanimalsinhercafe. D)Theygivehercafefavoritereviews.

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

5.A)Itcontainstoomanyadditives. B)Itlackstheessentialvitamins. C)Itcancauseobesity. D)Itismostlygarbage.

6.A)Itsfancydesign. B)TVcommercials. C)Itstasteandtexture. D)Peerinfluence.

7.A)Investingheavilyintheproductionofsweetfoods. B)Marketingtheirproductswithordinaryingredients. C)Tryingtotrickchildrenintobuyingtheirproducts. D)Offeringchildrenmorevarietiestochoosefrom.

8.A)Theyhardlyatevegetables. B)Theyseldomhadjunkfood.

C)Theyfavoredchocolate-coatedsweets. D)TheylikedthefoodadvertisedonTV.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

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Questions9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.

9.A)Stretches of farmland.

C) Tombs of ancient rulers.

B) Typical Egyptian animal farms. D) Ruins left by devastating floods.

10.A) It provides habitats for more primitive tribes.

B)It is hardly associated with great civilizations. C)It has not yet been fully explored and exploited. D)It gathers water from many tropical ruin forests.

11.A) It carries about one fifth of the world’s fresh water.

B) It has numerous human settlements along its banks. C) It is second only to the Mississippi River in width. D) It is as long as the Nile and the Yangtze combined.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.

12.A) Living a life in the fast lane leads to success.

B) We are always in a rush to do various things. C) The search for tranquility has become a trend. D) All of us actually yearn for a slow and calm life.

13.A) She had trouble balancing family and work

B) She enjoyed the various social events. C) She was accustomed to tight schedules. D) She spent all her leisure time writing books.

14.A) The possibility of ruining her family.

B)Becoming aware of her declining health.

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C) The fatigue from living a fast-paced life. D) Reading a book about slowing down.

15. A) She started to follow the cultural norms.

B) She came to enjoy doing everyday tasks. C) She learned to use more polite expressions. D) She stopped using to-do lists and calendars.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to18 are based on the recording you have just heard.

16.A)Theywillrootoutnativespeciesaltogether.

B)Theycontributetoaregion'sbiodiversity. C)Theyposeathreattothelocalecosystem, D)Theywillcrossbreedwithnativespecies.

17.A)Theirclassificationsaremeaningful.

B)Theirinteractionsarehardtodefine. C)Theirdefinitionsarechangeable. D)Theirdistinctionsareartificial.

18.A)Onlyafewofthemcauseproblemstonativespecies.

B)Theymayturnouttobenefitthelocalenvironment. C)Fewofthemcansurviveintheirnewhabitats.

D)Only10percentofthemcanbenaturalized.

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Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.

19.A)Respecttheirtraditionalculture.

B)Attendtheirbusinessseminars. C)Researchtheirspecificdemands. D)Adopttherightbusinessstrategies.

20.A)Showingthemyourpalm.

B)Givingthemgiftsofgreatvalue.

C)Drinkingalcoholoncertaindaysofamonth. D)Clickingyourfingersloudlyintheirpresence.

21. A) They are very easy to satisfy.

B) They have a strong sense of worth. C)Theytendtobefriendlyandenthusiastic. D)Theyhaveabreakfrom2:00to5:30p.m

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.

22.A)Hecompletelychangedthecompany 'sculture.

B)Hecollectedpaintingsbyworld-famousartists. C)HetookoverthesalesdepartmentofReader’sDigest. D)Hehadthecompany'sboardroomextensivelyrenovated.

23.A)Itshouldbesoldatareasonableprice.

B)Itsarticlesshouldbeshortandinspiring.

C)Itshouldbepublishedintheworld'sleadinglanguages. D)Itsarticlesshouldentertainblue-andpink-collarworkers.

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24.A)Heknewhowtomakethemagazineprofitable.

B)Heservedasachurchministerformanyyears. C)Hesufferedmanysetbacksandmisfortunesinhislife. D)Hetreatedtheemployeeslikemembersofhisfamily.

25.A)Itcarriedmanymoreadvertisements.

B) George Grune joined it as an ad salesman. C)Severalhundredofitsemployeesgotfired. D)Itssubscriptionsincreasedconsiderably.

Part Ⅲ

Section A

Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices, Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Did Sarah Josepha Hale write \，the eternal nursery rhyme (儿歌）about a girl named Mary with a stubborn lamb? This is still disputed, but it's clear that the woman (26)_______ for writing it was one of America's most fascinating (27)_______ .In honor of the poem's publication on May 24, 1830, here's more about the (28)_______ author's life.

Hale wasn’t just a writer, she was also a (29)_______ social advocate, and she was particularly (30)_______with an ideal New England, which she associated with abundant Thanksgiving meals that she claimed had \declared that would bring families together while celebrating the (32)_______ festivals. In 1863, after 17 years of advocacy including letters to five presidents, Hale got it. President Abraham Lincoln, during the Civil War, issued a (33)_______ setting aside the last Thursday in November for the holiday.

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The true authorship of \Society, Hale wrote only part of the poem, but claimed authorship. Regardless of the author, it seems that the poem was (34)_______ by a real event. When young Mary Sawyer was followed to school by a lamb in 1816，it caused some problems. A bystander named John Roulstone wrote a poem about the event, then, at some point, Hale herself seems to have helped write it. However, if a 1916 piece by her great-niece is to be trusted, Hale claimed for the (35)_______of her life that “some other people pretended that someone else wrote the poem”. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A)campaign F)inspired K)reputed

B)career G)latter L)rest C)characters H)obsessed M) supposed D)features I)proclamation N)traditional E)fierce J)rectified O)versatile Section B

Directions:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Grow Plants Without Water

[A]Eversincehumanitybegantofarmourownfood

，

we'vefacedtheunpredictablerainthatisbothfriendandenemy.Itcomesandgoeswithoutmuchwarning,andafieldoflush(

茂

盛

的

）

leafygreensoneyearcandryupandblowawaythenext.Foodsecurityandfortunesdependonsufficientrain,andnowheremoresothaninAfrica,where96%offarmlanddependsonraininsteadoftheirrigationcommoninmoredevelopedplaces.Ithasconsequences:SouthAfrica’songoingdrought—theworstinthreedecades—willcostatleastaquarterofitscorn cropthisyear.

[B]BiologistJillFarrantoftheUniversityofCapeTowninSouthAfricasaysthatnaturehasplentyofanswersforpeo

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plewhowanttogrowcropsinplaceswithunpredictablerainfall.Sheishardatworkfindingawaytotaketraitsfromrarewildplantsthatadapttoextremedryweatherandusetheminfoodcrops.Astheearth'sclimatechangesandrainfallbecomesevenlesspredictableinsomeplaces,thoseanswerswillgrowevenmorevaluable.ThetypeoffarmingI'maimingforisliterallysothatpeoplecansurviveasit'sgoingtogetmoreandmoredry,\.

[C]Extremeconditionsproduceextremelytoughplants.IntherustyreddesertsofSouthAfrica,steep-sidedrockyh

illscalledinselbergsrearupfromtheplainslikethebonesoftheearth.Thehillsareremnantsofanearliergeologicalera,scrapedbareofmostsoilandexposedtotheelements.Yetontheseandsimilarformationsindesertsaroundtheworld,afewfierceplantshaveadaptedtoendureunderever-changingconditions.

[D] Farrant calls them resurrection plants (复苏植物）.During months without water under a harsh sun,

they wither, shrink and contract until they look like a pile of dead gray leaves. But rainfall can revive them in a matter of hours. Her time-lapse (间歇性拍摄的）videos of the revivals look like someone playing a tape of the plant's death in reverse.

[E] The big difference between \plants and these tough plants: metabolism. Many

different kinds of plants have developed tactics to weather dry spells. Some plants store reserves of water to see them through a drought ； others send roots deep down to subsurfacewatersupplies.Butoncetheseplantsuseuptheirstoredreserveortapouttheundergroundsupply,theyceasegrowingandstarttodie.Theymaybeabletohandleadroughtofsomelength,andmanypeopleusetheterm\preferstocallthemdroughtresistant.

[F]Resurrectionplants,definedasthosecapableofrecoveringfromholdinglessthan0.1gramsofwaterpergramof

drymass,aredifferent.Theylackwater-storingstructures,andtheirexistenceonrockfacespreventsthemfromtappinggroundwater,sotheyhaveinsteaddevelopedtheabilitytochangetheirmetabolism.Whentheydetectanextendeddryperiod,theydiverttheirmetabolismsproducingsugarsandcertainstress-associatedproteinsandothermaterialsintheirtissuesAstheplantdries,theseresourcestakeonfirstthepropertiesofhoney,thenrubber,andfinallyenteraglass-likestatethatis\

，

FarrantsaysThatslowstheplant'smetabolismandprotectsitsdried-outtissues.Theplantsalsochangeshapes

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hrinkingtominimizethesurfaceareathroughwhichtheirremainingwatermightevaporateTheycanrecoverfrommonthsandyearswithoutwater,dependingonthespecies.

[G]Whatelsecandothisdry-out-and-revivetrick?Seeds—

almostallofthem.Atthestartofhercareer,Farrantstudied\recalcitrantseeds(顽拗性种子）''，suchasavocados,coffeeand

lychee.

Whiletasty,suchseedsaredelicate

—

theycannotbudandgrowiftheydryout(asyoumay

knowifyou'veevertriedtogrowatreefromanavocadopit).Intheseedworld,thatmakesthem

rare,becausemostseedsfromfloweringplantsarequiterobust.Mostseedscanwaitoutthedry,unwelcomingseasonsuntilconditionsarerightandtheysprout(

发

芽）.Yetoncetheystartgrowing,suchplantsseemnottoretaintheabilitytohitthepausebuttononmetabolismintheirstemsorleaves.

[H]AftercompletingherPh.D.onseeds,Farrantbeganinvestigatingwhetheritmightbepossibletoisolatetheprop

ertiesthatmakemostseedssoresilient(

迅

速

恢

复

活

力

的

）

andtransferthemtootherplanttissues.WhatFarrantandothershavefoundoverthepasttwodecadesisthattherearemanygenesinvolvedinresurrectionplants'

responsetodryness.Manyofthemarethesamethatregulatehowseedsbecomedryness-tolerantwhilestillattachedtotheirparentplants.Nowtheyaretryingtofigureoutwhatmolecularsignalingprocessesactivatethoseseed-buildinggenesinresurrectionplants

andhowtoreproducethemincrops.Mostgenesareregulatedbyamastersetofgenes,'' Farrantsays.\

—

[I]OnceFarrantandhercolleaguesfeeltheyhaveabettersenseofwhichswitchestothrow，

theywillhavetofindthebestwaytodosoinusefulcrops.\nventional,geneticmodificationandgeneediting.Shesayssheisawarethatplentyofpeopledonotwanttoeatgeneticallymodifiedcrops,butsheispushingaheadwitheveryavailabletooluntiloneworks.Farmersandconsumersalikecanchoosewhetherornottousewhicheverversionprevails:\

[J]Farrantandothersintheresurrectionbusinessgottogetherlastyeartodiscussthebestspeciesofresurrectionplan

ttouseasalabmodel.Justlikemedicalresearchersuseratstotestideasforhumanmedicaltreatments,botanists

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useplantsthatarerelativelyeasytogrowinalaborgreenhousesettingtotesttheirideasforrelatedspecies.TheQueenslandrockvioletisoneofthebeststudiedresurrectionplantssofar,withadraftgenome(基因图谱）publishedlastyearbyaChineseteam.Alsolastyear,Farrantandcolleaguespublishedadetailedmolecularstudyofanothercandidate,Xerophytaviscosa,atough-as-nailSouthAfricanplantwithlily-likeflowers,andshesaysthatagenomeisontheway.Oneorbothofthesemodelswillhelpresearcherstesttheirideassofarmostlydoneinthelab—ontestplots.

—

[K]Understandingthebasicsciencefirstiskey.Therearegoodreasonswhycropplantsdonotusedrynessdefensesa

lready.Forinstance,there'sahighenergycostinswitchingfromaregularmetabolismtoanalmost-no-watermetabolism.Itwillalsobenecessarytounderstandwhatsortofyieldfarmersmightexpectandtoestablishtheplant 'ssafety.\

，

\lds,butsubsistencefarmerswhoneedhelptosurviveadroughtlikethepresentoneinSouthAfrica.\forthesubsistencefarmer,\，mtargetingcropsthatareofAfricanvalue.\

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

36.Thereareacoupleofplantstoughandadaptableenoughtosurviveonbarerockyhillsandindeserts. 37.Farrantistryingtoisolategenesinresurrectionplantsandreproducethemincrops. 38.FarmersinSouthAfricaaremoreatthemercyofnature,especiallyinconsistentrainfall. 39.Resurrectioncropsaremostlikelytobethechoiceofsubsistencefarmers.

40.Eventhoughmanyplantshavedevelopedvarioustacticstocopewithdryweather,theycannotsurviveaprolongeddrought.

41.Despiteconsumerresistance,researchersarepushingaheadwithgeneticmodificationofcrops.

42.Mostseedscanpullthroughdryspellsandbegingrowingwhenconditionsareripe,butoncethisprocessstarts,itcannotbeheldback.

43.Farrantisworkinghardtocultivatefoodcropsthatcansurviveextremedrynessbystudyingthetraits ofrarewildplants.

44.Byadjustingtheirmetabolism,resurrectionplantscanrecoverfromanextendedperiodofdrought. 45.Resurrectionplantscancomebacktolifeinashorttimeafterarainfall.

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Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Human memory is notoriously unreliable. Even people with the sharpest facial-recognition skills can only remember so much.

It’s tough to quantify how good a person is at remembering. No one really knows how many different faces someone can recall, for example, but various estimates tend to hover in the thousands—based on the number of acquaintances a person might have.

Machines aren't limited this way. Give the right computer a massive database of faces, and it can process what it sees—then recognize a face it's told to find—with remarkable speed and precision. This skill is what supports the enormous promise of facial-recognition software in the 21st century. It's also what makes contemporary surveillance systems so scary.

The thing is, machines still have limitations when it comes to facial recognition. And scientists are only just beginning to understand what those constraints are. To begin to figure out how computers are struggling, researchers at the University of Washington created a massive database of faces—they call it MegaFace—and tested a variety of facial-recognition algorithms (算法）as they scaled up in complexity. The idea was to test the machines on a database that included up to 1 million different images of nearly 700,000 different people—and not just a large database featuring a relatively small number of different faces, more consistent with what’s been used in other research.

As the databases grew, machine accuracy dipped across the board. Algorithms that were right 95% of the time when they were dealing with a 13,000-image database, for example, were accurate about 70% of the time when confronted with 1 million images. That's still pretty good, says one of the researchers, Ira Kemelmacher-Shlizerman. \

Machines also had difficulty adjusting for people who look a lot alike—either doppelgangers (长相极相似的人），whom the machine would have trouble identifying as two separate people, or the same

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person who appeared in different photos at different ages or in different lighting, whom the machine would incorrectly view as separate people.

\invariant to lighting, pose, age,\

The trouble is, for many of the researchers who’d like to design systems to address these challenges, massive datasets for experimentation just don’t exist—at least, not in formats that are accessible to academic researchers. Training sets like the ones Google and Facebook have are private. There are no public databases that contain millions of faces. MegaFace's creators say it’s the largest publicly available facial-recognition dataset out there.

%ultimate face recognition algorithm should perform with billions of people in a dataset,\researchers wrote.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

46.Compared with human memory, machines can _______. A)identify human faces more efficiently B)tell a friend from a mere acquaintance C)store an unlimited number of human faces D)perceive images invisible to the human eye

47.Why did researchers create MegaFace?

A)To enlarge the volume of the facial-recognition database. B)To increase the variety of facial-recognition software. C) To understand computers'problems with facial recognition. D) To reduce the complexity of facial-recognition algorithms.

48.What does the passage say about machine accuracy? A)It falls short of researchers’ expectations. B)It improves with added computing power. C)It varies greatly with different algorithms. D)It decreases as the database size increases.

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49.What is said to be a shortcoming of facial-recognition machines? A)They cannot easily tell apart people with near-identical appearances. B)They have difficulty identifying changes in facial expressions. C)They are not sensitive to minute changes in people 's mood. D)They have problems distinguishing people of the same age.

50.What is the difficulty confronting researchers of facial-recognition machines? A)No computer is yet able to handle huge datasets of human faces. B)There do not exist public databases with sufficient face samples. C)There are no appropriate algorithms to process the face samples. D)They have trouble converting face datasets into the right format.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

There’re currently 21.5 million students in America，and many will be funding their college on borrowed money. Given that there's now over $1.3 trillion in student loans on the books, it's pretty clear that many students are far from sensible. The average student’s debt upon graduation now approaches $40,000,and as college becomes ever more expensive, calls to make it \are multiplying. Even Hillary Clinton says that when it comes to college，\

But the only way college could be free is if the faculty and staff donated their time, the buildings required no maintenance, and campuses required no utilities. As long as it’s impossible to produce something from nothing, costs are absolutely a barrier.

The actual question we debate is who should pay for people to go to college. If taxpayers are to bear the cost of forgiving student loans, shouldn't they have a say in how their money is used?

At least taxpayers should be able to decide what students will study on the public dime. If we're going to force taxpayers to foot the bill for college degrees, students should only study those subjects that're of greatest benefit to taxpayers. After all, students making their own choices in this respect is what caused the problem in the first place. We simply don't need more poetry, gender studies, or sociology majors. How do we know which subjects benefit society? Easy.

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Average starting salaries give a clear indication of what type of training society needs its new workers to have. Certainly, there’re benefits to a college major beyond the job a student can perform. But if we're talking about the benefits to society, the only thing that matters is what the major enables the student to produce for society. And the value of what the student can produce is reflected in the wageemployers are willing to pay the student to produce it.

A low wage for elementary school teachers, however, doesn’t mean elementary education isn't important. It simply means there're too many elementary school teachers already.

Meanwhile there’re few who're willing and able to perform jobs requiring a petroleum engineeringmajor, so the value of one more of those people is very high.

So we can have taxpayers pick up students'tuition in exchange for dictating what those students will study. Or we can allow students both to choose their majors and pay for their education themselves. Butin the end, one of two things is true：

Either a college major is worth its cost or it isn’t. If yes,taxpayer financing isn’t needed. If not,taxpayer financing isn't desirable. Either way, taxpayers have no business paying for students’ college education.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

51.What does the author think of college students funding their education through loans? A)They only expect to get huge returns. B)They are acting in an irrational way. C) They benefit at taxpayers'expense. D) They will regret doing so someday.

52.In the author's opinion, free college education is_______. A)impractical C) a goal to strive for B)unsustainable D) a way to social equality

53.What should students do if taxpayers are to bear their college costs? A)Work even harder to repay society. B)Choose their subjects more carefully.

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C)Choose majors that will serve society's practical needs. D)Allow taxpayers to participate in college administration.

54.What does the author say about the value of a student's college education? A)It is underestimated by profit-seeking employers. B)It is to be proved by what they can do on the job. C)It is well reflected in their average starting salary. D)It is embodied in how they remove social barriers.

55.What message does the author want to convey in the passage? A)Students should think carefully whether to go to college. B)Taxpayers should only finance the most gifted students. C)The worth of a college education is open to debate. D)College students should fund their own education.

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

过去，拥有一辆私家车对大部分中国人而言是件奢侈的事。如今，私家车在中国随处可见。汽车成了人们生活中不可或缺的一部分，他们不仅开车上下班，还经常驾车出游。有些城市的汽车增长速度过快，以至于交通拥堵和停车位不足的问题日益严峻，这些城市的市政府不得不出台新规，限制上路汽车的数量。由于空气污染日益严重，现在越来越多的人选择购买新能源汽车，中国政府也采取了一些措施，支持新能源汽车的发展。

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

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快速对答案

1 D 26 K 51 B 2 A 27 C 52 A 3 A 28 M 53 C 4 C 29 E 54 C 5 D 30 H 55 D 6 B 31 A 7 C 32 N 8 B 33 I 9 C 34 F 10 B 35 L 11 A 36 C 12 B 37 H 13 C 38 A 14 D 39 K 15 B 40 E 16 C 41 I 17 D 42 G 18 A 43 B 19 A 44 F 20 C 45 D 21 D 46 C 22 D 47 C 23 B 48 D 24 D 49 A 25 C 50 B

2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷二详细答案

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)

Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust

between

businesses

and

consumers. You can cite examples to illustrate yourviews. you should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

【解析】写作题考察了同学们的写作能力，要求在30分钟内完成，时间有限，因此在备战英语六级的时候，平时应积累一些模版，多背一些精彩的句子，在平时的练习中，应该在20分钟内完成一篇不少于150词的作文，下面给出以下几点建议：

一，写作中，字体要工整，改卷老师在批改六级作文的时候，由于任务量大，再加上批改时视觉疲劳，不可能对每一篇作文都看得那么仔细，有时候就凭卷面的第一印象打分，因此字体美观大方能提高作文的分数；

二，注意段落结构，写作时，应带有题目，一般分三段进行，第一段总体概述，引出正文，第二段详细阐述文档内容，要分条理进行，比如，firstly，secondly，等，正文一般4-6句话阐述完毕，第三段总结正文部分，回归主题。

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三，写作要注重语法结构，不要出现明显的语法错误，否则扣分较多，影响总体成绩。 四，遇到不会写的词，要用其他相关的词语表达。

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A

Directions:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

【听力原文】

Conversation One

M: 【1-1】Tonight we have a special guest from a local establishment, the Prage café. Welcome! W: Hi! Thanks for having me on your show.

M: 【1-2】Thank you for joining us! So please tell us why did you decide to open a café? W: Well, we saw the opportunity to offer something a little special and different from other establishments. Cafés certainly are very a competitive market sector. There are more than plenty in our city. 【2】 And we thought they are all rather similar to each other. Wouldn’t you agree?

M: Certainly yes! So how is your establishment any different?

W: Well. Simply put, we have rabbits wandering freely around the place. Our customers come in and enjoy their food and drinks, while little rabbits play about and brush against their legs. There’s no other place like it.

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M: That’s amazing! How did you come up with the idea?

W: We saw other cafés with cats in them. So we thought why not rabbits? People love rabbits. They are very cute animals.

M: But is it safe? Do the rabbits ever bite people or do any customers ever hurt the rabbits?

W: It’s perfectly safe for both rabbits and our customers. Rabbits are very peaceful, and certainly do not bite. 【3】Furthermore, our rabbits are regularly cleaned, and have all received required shots, so there is no health risk whatsoever. 【4】 As for our customers, they are all animal lovers, so they would never try to hurt the rabbits. Sometimes the young child may get overexcited and be a little too rough, but it’s never a serious matter. On the contrary, the Prage café offers a great experience for children, a chance for them to learn about rabbits and how to take care of them. M: Well, it’s certainly the first time I’ve heard of a café like that.

【杀掉拦路虎】

1. establishment [is?t?bli?m?nt]

n. 企业;建立;（通常反对变革的）当权派;反对改革的保守当权派

2. whatsoever [?w?ts??'ev?] pron.无论什么；任何

3. advocate [??dv?keit] vt. 提倡;拥护;鼓吹;为?辩护; n. （辩护）律师;提倡者;支持者

4. profitable [?pr?fit?bl]

2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（二）

adj. 有利可图的，有益的;可赚钱的，合算的

5. pose [p?uz]

vt.& vi. 使摆姿势;以?身份出现;招摇;炫耀; vt. 提出;造成（威胁、问题等）;引起;产生; n. 姿势;姿态;装腔作势;伪装

6. injection [in?d?ek??n]

n. 注射;注射剂;[医]充血;（卫星等的）入轨

7. tame [teim]

adj. 驯服的;平淡的;无精打采的; v. 驯服;抑制

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Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

1.What do we learn about the woman?

1.A)Sheadvocatesanimalprotection. B)She sells a special kind of coffee. C)Sheisgoingtostartacafe chain. D)Sheistheownerofaspecialcafe. 【答案】D

【解析】 本题为细节题，由 【1】Tonight we have a special guest from a local establishment, the Prage café. Welcome! 【1-2】Thank you for joining us! So please tell us why did you decide to open a café?可知：今晚我们邀请了一位特殊的嘉宾，她来自于

当地企业the Prage café，大家欢迎！后面又说到“欢迎加入我们！请您告诉我为什么要开一家咖啡店？”D选项：她是一种特殊咖啡厅的主人，符合文意。因此，本题的正确选项为D项。

2.What does the woman say about cafés in her city?

2.A)Theybearalotofsimilarities. B)Theyareaprofitablebusinesssector. C)Theycatertodifferentcustomers. D)Theyhelptakecareofcustomers'pets. 【答案】A

【解析】 本题为推断题，由 【2】 And we thought they are all rather similar to each other. Wouldn’t you agree?可知：我认为他们彼此都很相似，你同意吗？，言外之意，它们很

相似，A选项：它们有很多相似之处，符合句意，因此，本题的正确选项为A项。

3.How does the Prage café guarantee that its rabbits pose no health threat?

3.A)Bygivingthemregularcleaningandinjections. B)Byselectingbreedsthataretameandpeaceful. C)Byplacingthematasafedistancefromcustomers.

D)Bybriefingcustomersonhowtogetalongwiththem.

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【答案】A

【解析】 本题为细节题，由【 3】Furthermore, our rabbits are regularly cleaned, and have all received required shots, so there is no health risk whatsoever. 可知：不仅如此，我们

的兔子经常清洗，接受常规疫苗注射，因此，这边无论如何也没有健康风险；A选项：通过给他们常规清理和注射疫苗，符合问题的要求，因此，本题的正确选项为A项。

4.What does the woman say about their customers?

4.A)Theywanttolearnaboutrabbits. B)They like to bring in their children. C)Theylovetheanimalsinhercafe. D)Theygivehercafefavoritereviews. 【答案】C

【解析】 本题为细节题，由【 4】 As for our customers, they are all animal lovers, so they would never try to hurt the rabbits. 可知：至于我们的顾客，他们都是动物爱好者，因此他们

从来不会尝试着伤害这些兔子，C选项：在她的咖啡厅里，顾客们爱护这些动物。符合文意，因此，本题的正确选项为C项。

【听力原文】

Conversation Two

M: Hey, there. How are you?

W: Oh, hi! I’m great, thanks. And you look great, too.

M: Thank you! It’s good to see you shopping at the organic section. I see you got lots of healthy stuff. I wish I could buy more organic products from here. But I find the kids don’t like it. I don’t know about yours, but mine are all about junk food.

W: Oh, trust me! I know exactly how you feel. My children are the same. 【5】 What is it with kids these days and all like junk food they eat? 【6-1】I think it’s all that advertising on TV. That’s where they get it.

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M: 【6-2】 Yes, it must be. My children see something on TV and they immediately want it. It’s like they don’t realize it’s just an advertisement. W: Right. And practically everything that advertises for children is unhealthy processed foods. No surprise then, it becomes a battle for us parents to feed our children ordinary fruit and vegetables.

M: That’s just the thing! One never sees ordinary ingredients being advertised on TV. It’s never a carrot or a peach. It’s always some garbage like chocolate-covered sweets. So unhealthy!

W: Exactly! 【7】And these big food corporations have so much money to spend on clever tactics designed to make young children want to buy their products. Children never stand the chance. It’s really not fair.

M: You are so right! 【8】 When we were children, we barely had any junk food available, and we turned out just fine. W: Yes, my parents don’t understand any of it. Both the TV commercials and the supermarkets are alien to them. Their world was so different back when they were young. M: I don’t know what will happen to the next generation. W: The world is going crazy. M: You bet!

【杀掉拦路虎】 1. organic [?:?g?n?k]

adj. 有机（体）的;有组织的，系统的;器官的;根本的;

2. ingredients [??'ri:d??nts]

n. （混合物的）组成部分( ingredient的名词复

2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（二）

数 );（烹调的）原料;（构成）要素;因素;

3. tactics ['t?kt?ks]

n. 战术;策略，手段;用兵学;[语]法素学;

4. obesity [??'bi:s?t?]

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n. 肥胖，过胖;肥胖症;

5. texture [?tekst??(r)]

n. 质地;结构;本质; v. 使具有某种结构;

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

5.What do the speakers say about the food that their children like?

5.A)Itcontainstoomanyadditives. B)Itlackstheessentialvitamins. C)Itcancauseobesity. D)Itismostlygarbage. 【答案】D

【解析】 本题为细节题，由【5】 What is it with kids these days and all like junk food they

eat? 可知:这些天来，孩子们都喜欢吃垃圾食品，这是怎么回事？，D选项：几乎是垃圾食品，符

合问题要求。因此，本题的正确选项为D项。

6.According to the speakers, what affects children’s choice of food most?

6.A)Itsfancydesign. B)TVcommercials. C)Itstasteandtexture. D)Peerinfluence. 【答案】B

【解析】 本题为细节题，由【 6-1】I think it’s all that advertising on TV. That’s where they get it. M: 【6-2】 Yes, it must be. My children see something on TV and they immediately want it. 可知：我认为那都是电视上的广告，它们是孩子们能够获得这些信息的途径，是的，一

定是这样的，我的孩子们一看到电视上的东西，他们立马就想要。B选项：电视广告；符合问题要求，因此，本题的正确选项为B项。

7.What do the speakers believe big food corporations are doing?

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7.A)Investingheavilyintheproductionofsweetfoods. B)Marketingtheirproductswithordinaryingredients. C)Tryingtotrickchildrenintobuyingtheirproducts. D)Offeringchildrenmorevarietiestochoosefrom. 【答案】C

【解析】 本题为细节题，由【7】And these big food corporations have so much money to

spend on clever tactics designed to make young children want to buy their products. 可知：这些大的食品公司在广告设计上花很多钱，以此让小孩买他们的产品。C选项：

为了吸引孩子买他们的产品；符合问题要求，因此，本题的正确选项为C项。

8.What do we know about the speakers when they were children?

8.A)Theyhardlyatevegetables. B)Theyseldomhadjunkfood.

C)Theyfavoredchocolate-coatedsweets. D)TheylikedthefoodadvertisedonTV. 【答案】B

【解析】 本题为细节题，由 【8】 When we were children, we barely had any junk food available,可知：当我们还是孩子的时候，我们几乎没有垃圾食品吃。B选项：他们很少吃垃圾食

品。符合问题要求，因此，本题的正确选项为B项。

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

【听力原文】

Passage One

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At some 2,300 miles in length, the Mississippi is the longest river in the United States. At some 1,000 miles, the Mackenzie is the longest river in Canada. But these waterways seem minute in comparison to the world’s two lengthiest rivers: the Nile and the Amazon. The Nile, which begins in central Africa and flows over 4,100 miles north into the Mediterranean, hosted one of the world’s great ancient civilizations along its shores. Calm and peaceful for most of the year, the Nile used to flood annually, thereby creating, irrigating and carrying new top soil to the nearby farmland on which ancient Egypt depended for livelihood. As a means of transportation, the river carried various vessels up and down its length. 【9】A journey through the unobstructed part of this waterway today would pass by the splendid Valley of the Kings with the tombs of many of these ancient monarchs have stood for over 3,000 years. 【10】 Great civilizations and intensive settlement are hardly associated with the Amazon. 【11】 Yet this 4,000-mile long South American river carries about 20% of the world’s fresh water, more than the Mississippi, Nile and Yangtze combined. Other statistics are equally astonishing. The Amazon is so wide at some points that from its center neither shore can be seen. Each second the Amazon pours some 55 million gallons of water into the Atlantic. There, at its mouth, stands one island larger than Switzerland. Most important of all, the Amazon irrigates the largest tropical rainforest on earth.

【杀掉拦路虎】

1. comparison [k?m?p?r?sn] n. 比较，对照;[语]比喻;比较级;

2. thereby [?ee??ba?] adv. 由此，从而;在那附近;

2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（二）

3. irrigate [??r?ge?t]

vt. 灌溉;冲洗（伤口）;使清新; vi. 灌溉;冲洗;

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4. unobstructed ['?n?b'str?kt?d]

adj. 不被阻塞的，没有障碍的，畅通无阻的;交通;

5. splendid [?splend?d]

adj. 壮观的，豪华的;极好的或令人满意的;闪亮的;为众人所推崇的;

6. tombs [tu:mz]

n. 墓穴( tomb的名词复数 );墓葬;墓群;

7. monarchs

n. 君主，帝王( monarch的名词复数 );

8. intensive [?n?tens?v]

adj. 加强的，强烈的;[农]精耕细作的;[语]加强语意的;（农业方法）集约的;

n. 加强器;[语]强义词，强调成份;

9. devastating [?dev?ste?t??]

adj. 毁灭性的，灾难性的;惊人的，可怕的;迷人的;强大的;

v. 彻底破坏( devastate的现在分词);摧毁;毁灭;

10. primitive [?pr?m?t?v]

adj. 原始的;发展水平低的;落后的;[生物学]原生的;

n. 原始人;早期的艺术家（作品）;单纯的人：不世故的人;自学的艺术家; 11. tribes

n. 部落( tribe的名词复数 );（动、植物的）族;（一）帮;大群;

Questions9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.

9.What can be found in the Valley of the Kings?

9.A)Stretches of farmland.

C) Tombs of ancient rulers.

D) Ruins left by devastating floods.

B) Typical Egyptian animal farms. 【答案】C

【解析】 本题为细节题，由【 9】A journey through the unobstructed part of this waterway today would pass by the splendid Valley of the Kings with the tombs of many of these ancient monarchs have stood for over 3,000 years. 可知：如今在这条不可阻挡的水路上旅

行，会经过壮丽的帝王谷，古代君王的坟墓已经屹立了3000年之久。C选项：古代君王的坟墓，符合问题要求，因此，本题的正确选项为C项。

10.In what way is the Amazon different from other big rivers?

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10.A) It provides habitats for more primitive tribes.

B)It is hardly associated with great civilizations. C)It has not yet been fully explored and exploited. D)It gathers water from many tropical ruin forests. 【答案】B

【解析】 本题为细节题，由【10】 Great civilizations and intensive settlement are hardly

associated with the Amazon. 可知：伟大的 和密集的部落几乎没有和亚马逊河流有关联；B选

项：亚马逊河流几乎没有和伟大的文明有关联，符合问题要求，因此，本题的正确选项为B项。

11.What does the speaker say about the Amazon?

11.A) It carries about one fifth of the world’s fresh water.

B) It has numerous human settlements along its banks. C) It is second only to the Mississippi River in width. D) It is as long as the Nile and the Yangtze combined. 【答案】A

【解析】 本题为细节题，由【11】 Yet this 4,000-mile long South American river carries

about 20% of the world’s fresh water, more than the Mississippi, Nile and Yangtze combined.可知：这个4000多英里长的南美洲河流拥有世界20%的淡水，超过了密西西比河，尼

罗河和长江的蓄水量，A选项：它拥有世界1/5的淡水；符合问题要求，因此，本题的正确选项为A项。

【听力原文】

Passage Two

How often do you say to people “I’m busy” or “I haven’t got time for that”? 【12】 It’s an inevitable truth that all of us live a life in the fast lane, even though we know that being busy is not always particularly healthy. Growing up in New Zealand, everything was always calm and slow. People enjoyed the tranquility of a slower pace of life. 【13】But after I moved to Tokyo and lived there for 2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（二）

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a number of years, I got used to having a pile of to-do lists, and my calendar always looked like a mess with loads of things to do written across it. I found myself filling my time up with endless work meetings and social events, rushing along as busy as a bee. 【14】 Then, one day I came across a book called In Praise of Slowness and realized that being busy is not only detrimental but also has the danger of turning life into an endless race. So, I started practicing the various practical steps mentioned by the author in the book, and began to revolt against the very idea of being too busy.【15】It doesn’t mean that my to-do lists no longer exist, but I’ve become more aware of the importance of slowing down, and making sure that I enjoy the daily activities as I carry them out. From now on, when someone asks you how your life is, try responding with words like “exciting” and “fun”, instead of the cultural norm that says “busy”. See if your experience of tranquility that follows.

【杀掉拦路虎】 1. inevitable [?n?ev?t?bl]

adj. 不可避免的;必然发生的;<非正>总会发生的;必然发生的事;

2. lane [le?n]

n. 小路，小巷;航道，空中走廊，规定的单向行车道;车道;[篮球]罚球区;

3. tranquility [tr??'kw?l?t?] n. 平静;安静;安宁;平稳;

4. detrimental [?detr??mentl] adj. 有害的;不利的;

2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（二）

n. 有害的人（或物）;不受欢迎的求婚者; 5. revolt [r??v??lt] vt. （使）厌恶;

vi. 反叛，背叛;厌恶，反感; n. 造反，起义;

6. norm [n?:m]

n. 标准;规范;准则;（劳动）定额;

7. fatigue [f??ti:g]

n. 疲劳，疲乏;劳务杂役;（士兵穿的）工作服; vt. 使疲劳;使疲乏; vi. 疲劳;

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Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.

12.What does the speaker think is an inevitable truth?

12.A) Living a life in the fast lane leads to success.

B) We are always in a rush to do various things. C) The search for tranquility has become a trend. D) All of us actually yearn for a slow and calm life. 【答案】B

【解析】 本题为推断题，由【 12】 It’s an inevitable truth that all of us live a life in the fast lane, even though we know that being busy is not always particularly healthy.可知：这

是一个不可避免的事实，我们所有人都生活在“快速轨道上”，尽管我们知道变得很忙对健康不好；A选项：生活在“快速轨道”上能够指引我们成功；文中未提及成功的事情，无中生有，故排除，B选项：我们总是匆忙地做各种各样的事情。符合文义。C，D选项文中未提及，故排除；因此，本题的正确选项为B项。

13.What does the speaker say about her life in Tokyo?

13.A) She had trouble balancing family and work

B) She enjoyed the various social events. C) She was accustomed to tight schedules. D) She spent all her leisure time writing books. 【答案】C

【解析】 本题为细节题，由【13】But after I moved to Tokyo and lived there for a number

of years, I got used to having a pile of to-do lists, and my calendar always looked like a mess with loads of things to do written across it.可知：但是我搬到东京在哪儿生活几年，

我逐渐习惯了面临一大堆要做的工作列表，我的日历也密密麻麻地写满了要做的事情；C选项：她习惯了紧张的工作日程安排，符合文义。因此，本题的正确选项为C项。

14.What made the speaker change her lifestyle?

14.A) The possibility of ruining her family.

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B)Becoming aware of her declining health. C) The fatigue from living a fast-paced life. D) Reading a book about slowing down. 【答案】D

【解析】 本题为细节题，由 【14】 Then, one day I came across a book called In Praise of Slowness and realized that being busy is not only detrimental but also has the danger of turning life into an endless race. 可知：后来，有一天，我偶然发现了一本名为《赞美缓慢》

的书，我意识到忙碌不仅有害，而且有把生活变成一场无止境的比赛的危险。题目问的是：是什么使演讲者改变了她的生活方式？(A)有可能毁掉她的家庭。(B)意识到她的健康状况正在下降。(C)快节奏生活所带来的疲劳.(D)读一本关于放慢速度的书。D选项符合文意，因此，本题的正确选项为D项。

15.What happened after the speaker changed her lifestyle?

15. A) She started to follow the cultural norms.

B) She came to enjoy doing everyday tasks. C) She learned to use more polite expressions. D) She stopped using to-do lists and calendars. 【答案】B

【解析】 本题为细节题，由 【15】It doesn’t mean that my to-do lists no longer exist, but I’ve become more aware of the importance of slowing down, and making sure that I enjoy the daily activities as I carry them out. 可知：这并不意味着我的待办事项清单已不复

存在，但我已更加意识到放慢速度的重要性，并确保我在开展日常活动时享受这些活动。问题为：在演讲者改变她的生活方式后发生了什么？四个选项分别为：(A)她开始遵循文化规范。B)她开始喜欢做日常工作。C)她学会了使用更有礼貌的表达方式。(D)她不再使用待办事项清单和日历。B选项更符合文意，是作者有意放慢速度，并逐渐喜欢自己的日常工作，因此，本题的正确选项为B项。

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or

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four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 【听力原文】

Recording One

Governments, private groups and individuals spend billions of dollars a year trying to root out non-native organisms that are considered dangerous to ecosystems and to prevent the introduction of new intruders. 【16】 But a number of scientists question the assumption that the presence of alien species can never be acceptable in the natural ecosystem. They say that portraying introduced species as inherently bad is an unscientific approach. 【17】 “Distinctions between exotic and native species are artificial,” said Dr.Michael Rosensberg, a professor of evolutionary biology at the University of Arizona. Because they depend on picking a date and calling the plants and animals that show up after that date exotic. “Ecosystem’s free of species to find as exotic are by default considered the most natural. You can’t roll back the clock and remove all exotics or fix habitats,” Dr.Rosensberg said. Both native and exotic species can become invasive and so they all have to be monitored and controlled when they begin to get out of hand. At its core, the debate is about how to manage the world’s remaining natural ecosystems and about how and how much to restore other habitats. Species that invade a territory can harm ecosystems, agriculture and human health. They can threaten some native species or even destroy and replace others. “Next to habitat loss, these invasive species represent the greatest threat to biodiversity worldwide,” many ecologists say. Ecologists generally define an alien species as one that people accidentally or deliberately carried to its new location. Across the American continents, exotic species are those introduced after the first

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European contact. That date rounded up to 1500 AD represents what ecologists consider to have been in major shift in the spread of species including crops and livestock, as they begin to migrate with humans from continent to continent.【18】 “Only a small percentage of alien species cause problems in their new habitats,” said Don Smith, professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at the University of Tenacy. “Of the 7,000 alien species in the United States, out of a total of 150,000 species, only about 10% are invasive,” he pointed out. The other 90% have fit into their environment and are considered naturalized. Yet appearances can deceive, ecologists caution, and many of these exotics may be considered acceptable only because no one has documented their harmful effects. What is more, non-native species can appear harmless for decades then turn invasive.

【杀掉拦路虎】 1. organisms

n. 有机物( organism的名词复数 );有机体;生物;有机体系;

2. ecosystems

n. <生>生态系统( ecosystem的名词复数 );

3. intruders

n. 未请自入者，闯入者（尤指企图行窃者）( intruder的名词复数 );

4. portraying

v. 画像( portray的现在分词 );描述;描绘;描画;

2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（二）

5. inherently [?n?h??r?ntl?] adv. 天性地，固有地;

6. exotic [?g?z?t?k]

adj. 异国的;外来的;异乎寻常的，奇异的;吸引人的;

n. 舶来品，外来物;脱衣舞女;

7. evolutionary [?i:v??lu:??nri] adj. 进化的;

8. arizona [??ri?z?un?]

n. 亚利桑那州（美国西南部的州）;

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9. invasive [?n?ve?s?v]

adj. 侵略性的，侵害的;攻击性的;扩散性的，蔓延性的;

10. territory [?ter?tri]

n. 领土，版图;领地;领域，范围;[商]势力范围;

11. biodiversity [?ba???da??v?:s?ti] n. 生物多类状态，生物多样性;

12. deliberately [d??l?b?r?tli]

adv. 故意地;深思熟虑地;从容不迫地;

13. continents

n. 洲，大陆( continent的名词复数 );欧洲大陆（不包括英国和爱尔兰）;

14. livestock [?la?vst?k] n. 家畜，牲畜;

15. deceive [d??si:v] v. 欺诈;误导;

16. crossbreed ['kr?:sbri:d] n. 杂交动物;杂种;

Questions 16 to18 are based on the recording you have just heard.

16.What assumption about introduced species is challenged by a number of scientists?

16.A)Theywillrootoutnativespeciesaltogether.

B)Theycontributetoaregion'sbiodiversity. C)Theyposeathreattothelocalecosystem, D)Theywillcrossbreedwithnativespecies. 【答案】C

【解析】 本题为细节题，由【 16】 But a number of scientists question the assumption that the presence of alien species can never be acceptable in the natural ecosystem. 可知：但

是许多科学家质疑在自然生态系统中外来物种的存在是不可接受的假设。题目的问题为：很多科学家对引进物种是一种挑战提出了什么样的质疑？四个选项分别为：(A)它们将彻底铲除本地物种。(B)它们对一个区域的生物多样性作出贡献。(C)它们对当地生态系统构成威胁，D)它们将与本地物种杂交。C选项更符合原文，因此，本题的正确选项为C项。

17.What does Dr.Michael Rosensberg think of the exotic and native species?

17.A)Theirclassificationsaremeaningful.

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B)Theirinteractionsarehardtodefine. C)Theirdefinitionsarechangeable. D)Theirdistinctionsareartificial. 【答案】D

【解析】 本题为细节题，由 【17】 “Distinctions between exotic and native species are artificial,” said Dr.Michael Rosensberg, a professor of evolutionary biology at the University of Arizona. 可知：]“外来物种和本土物种之间的区别是人为的，”亚利桑那大学进

化生物学教授Michael Rosensberg博士说。题目的问题为：迈克尔·罗斯伯格博士对外来物种和本土物种有何看法？四个选项分别为：(A)它们的分类是有意义的。(B)它们之间的相互作用难以界定。(C)它们的定义是可变的。(D)他们的区别是人为的。D选项更符合原文，因此，本题的正确选项为D项。

18.What does Professor Don Smith say about alien species?

18.A)Onlyafewofthemcauseproblemstonativespecies.

B)Theymayturnouttobenefitthelocalenvironment. C)Fewofthemcansurviveintheirnewhabitats. D)Only10percentofthemcanbenaturalized. 【答案】A

【解析】 本题为细节题，由 【18】 “Only a small percentage of alien species cause problems in their new habitats,” said Don Smith, professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at the University of Tenacy. 可知：“只有一小部分外来物种在它们的

新栖息地造成问题，”特尼西大学生态学和进化生物学教授唐·史密斯(Don Smith)说。题目的问题为：唐·史密斯教授对外星物种有何看法？四个选项分别为：(A)它们中只有少数对本地物种造成问题。(B)它们可能有益于当地环境。(C)它们中很少物种能在新的栖息地生存。(D)只有10%的物种可以融入大自然。A选项是对红色划线部分的同义转述，因此，本题的正确选项为A项。

【听力原文】

Recording Two

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the third in our series of business

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seminars in the program “Doing Business Abroad”. Today, we are going to look at intercultural awareness that is the fact about everyone in British. Not everyone speaks English and not everyone does business in a British way. And why should they? 【19】 If overseas business people are selling to us, then they will make every effort to speak English and to respect our traditions and methods. It is only polite for us to do the same, when we visit them. It is not only polite, it is essential, if we want to sell British products overseas. First, a short quiz. Let’s see how interculturally aware you are.

Question 1: Where must you not drink alcohol on the first and seventh of every month? Question 2: Where should you never admire your host’s possessions?

Question 3: How should you attract the waiter during a business lunch in Bangkok? And question 4: Where should you try to make all your appointments either before 2：00 or after 5：30 p.m.

OK, everyone has a chance to make some notes. Right, here are the answers. Although I am sure that the information could equally well apply to countries other than those I have chosen. So, (1)【20】 you must not drink alcohol on the first and seventh of the month in India. In international hotels, you may find it served, but if you are having a meal with an Indian colleague, remember to avoid asking for a beer if your arrival coincides with one of those dates.(2) In Arab countries, the politeness and generosity of the people is without parallel. If you admire your colleague’s beautiful golden bowls, you may well find yourself being presented with them as a present. This is not a cheap way to do your shopping, however, as your host will quite correctly expect you to respond by presenting him with a gift of equal worth and beauty. In Thailand, clicking the fingers,

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clapping your hands, or just shouting “waiter”, will embarrass your hosts, fellow diners, the waiter himself, and most of all, you. Place your palm downward, and make an inconspicuous way of gesture, which will produce instant and satisfying result.【21】And finally, in Spain, some businesses maintain the pattern of working until about 2：00 and then returning to the office from 5：30 to 8：00, 9：00 or 10：00 in the evening. 【杀掉拦路虎】 1. seminars ['sem?nɑ:z]

n. 研讨班( seminar的名词复数 );研讨小组;研讨会;培训会;

2. bangkok [b???k?k]

n. 扇形棕榈细纤维;Bangkok 曼谷（泰国首都）;

3. coincide [?k???n?sa?d]

vi. 与?一致;想法、意见等相同;相符;极为类似;

4. politeness [p?'la?tn?s]

n. 有礼貌;客气;文雅;有礼貌的行为;

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.

5. generosity [?d?en??r?s?ti]

n. 慷慨，大方;宽容或慷慨的行为;丰富;

6. palm [pɑ:m]

n. 手掌;手心;棕榈树 ;由Palm公司发明的一种PDA上的操作系统; v. 将?藏于掌中;

7. downward [?da?nw?d] adj. 向下的，往下的; adv. 向下地，下行地;

8. inconspicuous [??nk?n?sp?kju?s]

adj. 不明显的，不显著的;不引人注目的;

19.What should you do when doing business with foreigners?

19.A)Respecttheirtraditionalculture.

B)Attendtheirbusinessseminars. C)Researchtheirspecificdemands. D)Adopttherightbusinessstrategies.

【答案】A

【解析】 本题为细节题，由【19】 If overseas business people are selling to us, then they

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