¾ßÓÐÒ»¶¨µÄ»º³å×÷Óᣵ«´ËÀàÈÜÒº²»¾ßÓп¹Ï¡Ê͵Ä×÷Óã¬ÓÉÓÚËáÐÔ»ò¼îÐÔÌ«Ç¿£¬ËùÒÔºÜÉÙ×÷Ϊ»º³åÈÜҺʹÓá£
10£®ÔÚ»º³åÈÜÒºÖУ¬Ö»ÒªÃ¿´Î¼ÓÉÙÁ¿Ç¿Ëá»òÇ¿¼î£¬ÎÞÂÛÌí¼Ó¶àÉٴΣ¬»º³åÈÜҺʼÖÕ¾ßÓлº
³åÄÜÁ¦¡£ ( ¡Á ) ½âÎö Èκλº³åÈÜÒºµÄ»º³åÄÜÁ¦¶¼ÊÇÓÐÏ޶ȵģ¬ËäȻֻÊÇÿ´Î¼ÓÉÙÁ¿Ç¿Ëá»òÇ¿¼î£¬µ«ÈçÌí¼Ó ÎÞÊý´Î£¬Ï൱ÓÚ¼ÓÈëÁË´óÁ¿µÄÇ¿Ëá»òÇ¿¼î£¬Ê¹ÈÜÒºÖеĿ¹Ëá»ò¿¹¼î³É·Ý¶¼ÏûºÄµôÁË£¬»º³å ÈÜÒº¾Í²»¾ßÓлº³åÄÜÁ¦ÁË¡£
11£®ÒÑÖªKs¦È (Ag2CrO4) =1.11¡Á10-12£¬Ks¦È(AgCl)=1.76¡Á10-10£¬ÔÚ0.0100mol¡¤kg-1 K2CrO4ºÍ 0.1000mol¡¤kg-1KClµÄ»ìºÏÈÜÒºÖУ¬ÖðµÎ¼ÓÈëAgNO3ÈÜÒº£¬ÔòAg2CrO4ÏȳÁµí¡£ ( ¡Á ) ½âÎö Ê×ÏȼÆËãAg2CrO4ºÍAgCl³Áµí¸÷ÐèÒªµÄb(Ag+):
?Ks(Ag2CrO4)1.11?10?12-5-1
b1(Ag)= = = 1.054¡Á10 mol?kg 2?b(CrO40.01+
b2(Ag+)= Ks¦È(AgCl) / b(Cl-) = 1.76¡Á10-10/0.1=1.76¡Á10-9 mol?kg-1 b1(Ag+) > b2(Ag+) ËùÒÔAgClÏȳÁµí¡£
12. ÓÃEDTA×öÖؽðÊôµÄ½â¶¾¼ÁÊÇÒòΪÆä¿ÉÒÔ½µµÍ½ðÊôÀë×ÓµÄŨ¶È¡£ ( ¡Ì ) ½âÎö EDTAÊÇ÷¡ºÏ¼Á¡£÷¡ºÏ¼ÁÖÐÅäλÔ×ÓÔ½¶à£¬ÔòÐγɵÄÎåÔª»·»òÁùÔª»·µÄÊýÄ¿Ô½¶à£¬÷¡ ºÏÎï¾ÍÔ½Îȶ¨¡£EDTA·Ö×ÓÖÐÓÐ6¸öÅäλÔ×Ó£¬Ëü¿ÉÒԺ;ø´ó¶àÊý½ðÊôÀë×ÓÐγɺ¬5¸öÎåÔª »·µÄ÷¡ºÏÎ¾ßÓÐÌØÊâµÄÎȶ¨ÐÔ£¬Òò´Ë¿ÉÒÔ´ó´ó½µµÍÈÜÒºÖнðÊôÀë×ÓµÄŨ¶È£¬ËùÒÔ¿É×öÖؽðÊôµÄ½â¶¾¼Á¡£
13£®ÓÉÓÚKa(HAc) > Ka(HCN),¹ÊÏàͬŨ¶ÈµÄNaAcÈÜÒºµÄpHÖµ±ÈNaCNÈÜÒºµÄpHÖµ´ó¡£
( ¡Á)
½âÎö NaAcÈÜÒººÍNaCNÈÜÒºµÄpHÉæ¼°ÈÜÒºµÄË®½âƽºâ£¬ÑζÔÓ¦µÄËáÔ½Èõ£¬ÆäÈÜÒºµÄpH ÖµÔ½´ó¡£
¡¾¸½¼ÓÌâ¡¿ÔÚ100gË®ÖÐÈܽâ5.2gij·Çµç½âÖÊ£¬¸Ã·Çµç½âÖʵÄĦ¶ûÖÊÁ¿Îª60£¬´ËÈÜÒºÔÚ±ê
׼ѹÁ¦ÏµķеãΪ373.60K¡£ ( ¡Ì )
??5.2g½âÎö bB =
60g.mol?1¡Á1000g = 0.87mol?kg-1
100g¸ù¾Ý£º¦¤Tb = Kb ¡Á bB = 0.52K¡¤kg¡¤mol-1 ¡Á0.87mol¡¤kg-1 = 0.45K ¹Ê£ºTb = Tb* + ¦¤Tb = 373.15K + 0.45K = 373.60K
¶þ£®Ñ¡ÔñÌâ
14£®ÔÚÖÊÁ¿Ä¦¶ûŨ¶ÈΪ1.00mol¡¤kg-1µÄNaClË®ÈÜÒºÖУ¬ÈÜÖʵÄĦ¶û·ÖÊýxBºÍÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýwB
·Ö±ðΪ ( C ) A£® 1.00, 18.09% B£®0.055, 17.0% C£®0.0177, 5.53% D£®0.180, 5.85% ½âÎö ÈÜÖʵÄĦ¶û·ÖÊý¦ÖB =
1 = 0.0177 10001?18ÈÜÖʵÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýwB= 1mol¡Á58.5g?mol-1/(58.5g+1000g) = 0.0553»ò5.53%
15. 30%µÄÑÎËáÈÜÒº£¬ÃܶÈΪ1.15g¡¤cm-3£¬ÆäÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈCBºÍÖÊÁ¿Ä¦¶ûŨ¶ÈbBΪ ( A ) A£®9.452mol¡¤dm-3, 11.74mol¡¤kg-1 B£® 94.52 mol¡¤dm-3, 27.39mol¡¤kg-1
C£®31.51mol¡¤dm-3, 1.74mol¡¤kg-1 D£®0.945mol¡¤dm-3, 2.739mol¡¤kg-1
345g1000cm?1.15g?cm?3?30%½âÎö cB = = = 9.452mol¡¤dm-3 ?1?136.5g?mol36.5g?mol30gbB =
36.570g?10?3g?mol?1 = 11.74mol¡¤kg-1
16. È¡Á½Ð¡¿é±ù£¬·Ö±ð·ÅÔÚζȾùΪ273KµÄ´¿Ë®ºÍÑÎË®ÖУ¬½«»á·¢ÉúµÄÏÖÏóÊÇ ( C ) A£® ·ÅÔÚ´¿Ë®ºÍÑÎË®Öеıù¾ù²»ÈÚ»¯ ¡£
B£® ·ÅÔÚ´¿Ë®ÖеıùÈÚ»¯ÎªË®£¬¶ø·ÅÔÚÑÎË®Öеıù²»ÈÚ»¯¡£ C£® ·ÅÔÚ´¿Ë®Öеıù²»ÈÚ»¯£¬¶ø·ÅÔÚÑÎË®ÖеıùÈÚ»¯ÎªË®¡£ D£® ·ÅÔÚ´¿Ë®ºÍÑÎË®Öеıù¾ùÈÚ»¯ÎªË®
½âÎö ¸ù¾ÝÀÎÚ¶û¶¨ÂÉ£¬ÔÚÏàͬζÈÏ£¬ÈÜÒºµÄÕôÆøѹ×ÜÊDZȴ¿ÈܼÁµÄÕôÆøѹµÍ¡£Òò´ËÔÚ 273KÑÎË®ºÍ±ùϵͳÖУ¬ÑÎË®ÖÐË®µÄÕôÆøѹϽµ£¬¶ø±ùµÄÕôÆøѹ²»±ä£¬ËùÒÔ±ùµÄÕôÆøѹ´óÓÚ ÑÎË®µÄÕôÆûѹ£¬±ù½«ÈÚ»¯ÎªË®¡£
17£®ÒÑÖª298Kʱ£¬Ks (Ag2CrO4)£½1.0¡Á10-12 ¡£ÔòÔÚ¸ÃζÈÏ£¬Ag2CrO4ÔÚ 0.010 ( B )
A 1.0¡Á10-10 mol¡¤L-1 B 1.0¡Á10-8 mol¡¤L-1
C 1.0¡Á10-5 mol¡¤L-1
?mol¡¤L-1
AgNO3
ÈÜÒºÖеÄÈܽâ¶ÈÊÇ
D 1.0¡Á10-6 mol¡¤L-1
½âÎö Ks=0.012s , s=1.0¡Á10-12 /1.0¡Á10-4 =1.0¡Á10-8 ¡£
18£®ÒÑ֪ˮµÄKf=1.86 K¡¤ kg ¡¤ mol-1£¬²âµÃijÈËѪÇåµÄÄý¹ÌµãΪ ¨C 0.56¡æ£¬Ôò¸ÃѪÇåµÄ
Ũ¶ÈΪ £¨ C £© A .332mmol¡¤kg -1 B. 147mmol¡¤kg -1 C. 301mmol¡¤kg -1 D. 146mmol¡¤kg -1 ½âÎö ÓÉÄý¹ÌµãϽµ¹«Ê½µÃ£º[273-(273-0.56)]K=1.86 K¡¤ kg ¡¤ mol-1¡ÁbB £¬
kg bB=0.56/1.86=0.301 mol¡¤
-1
=301mmol¡¤kg -1
19. ÏÂÁлìºÏÈÜÒº£¬ÊôÓÚ»º³åÈÜÒºµÄÊÇ ( A )A£® 50g 0.2mol¡¤kg-1 HAcÓë 50g 0.1mol¡¤kg-1 NaOH B£® 50g 0.1mol¡¤kg-1 HAcÓë 50g 0.1mol¡¤kg-1 NaOH C£® 50g 0.1mol¡¤kg-1 HAcÓë 50g 0.2mol¡¤kg-1 NaOH D£® 50g 0.2mol¡¤kg-1 HClÓë 50g 0.1mol¡¤kg-1 NH3¡¤H2O
½âÎö »º³åÈÜÒº¿ÉÒÔÓÉÈõËáºÍÈõËáÑÎ×é³É£¬ÉÏÊö4×éÈÜÒºÖ»ÓÐA·ûºÏ»º³åÈÜÒºµÄ×é³É¡£ 20. ÒÑÖªH3PO4µÄpKa1 = 2.12£¬pKa2 = 7.20£¬pKa3 = 12.36, ÔòŨ¶È¾ùΪ0.10 mol¡¤L-1
A 4.66 B 9.78 C 7.20 D 12.36 ½âÎö ¸ù¾Ý»º³åÈÜÒºpHÖµ¼ÆË㹫ʽ£¬pH=7.20+lg(0.1/0.1)=7.20
KH2PO4ÈÜÒººÍK2HPO4ÈÜÒºµÈÌå»ý»ìºÏºó£¬ÈÜÒºµÄpHΪ £¨ C £©
21. ÅäÖÆpH ¡Ö 7µÄ»º³åÈÜÒº,ӦѡÔñ ( D ) A£® K¦È(HAc)=1.8¡Á10-5 B£®K¦È(HCOOH)=1.77¡Á10-4
C£® K¦È(H2CO3)=4.3¡Á10-7 D£®K¦È(H2PO4-)=6.23¡Á10-8
½âÎö »º³åÈÜÒºµÄpHÖµÔÚ»º³å·¶Î§ÄÚ£¬Ó¦¾¡¿ÉÄܽӽüpKa¡£¶ÔDÏîÎïÖÊ£¬
pH = -lg6.23¡Á10-8 = 7.2
22. AgClÔÚÏÂÁÐÎïÖÊÖÐÈܽâ¶È×î´óµÄÊÇ ( B ) A£® ´¿Ë® B£® 6mol¡¤kg-1 NH3¡¤H2O
C£® 0.1mol¡¤kg-1 NaCl D£® 0.1mol¡¤kg-1 BaCl2
½âÎö AgClÔÚ6mol¡¤kg-1 NH3¡¤H2OÖпÉÒÔת»¯Îª[Ag(NH3)2]+¶øʹAgCl³ÁµíÈܽ⡣ 23.ÔÚPbI2³ÁµíÖмÓÈë¹ýÁ¿µÄKIÈÜÒº£¬Ê¹³ÁµíÈܽâµÄÔÒòÊÇ ( B ) A£®Í¬Àë×ÓЧӦ B£®Éú³ÉÅäλ»¯ºÏÎï C£®Ñõ»¯»¹Ô×÷Óà D£®ÈÜÒº¼îÐÔÔöÇ¿ ½âÎö PbI2 + 2I- ? [PbI4]2-
24£®ÏÂÁÐ˵·¨ÖÐÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ ( A )
A£®ÔÚH2SµÄ±¥ºÍÈÜÒºÖмÓÈëCu2+£¬ÈÜÒºµÄpHÖµ½«±äС¡£
B£®·Ö²½³ÁµíµÄ½á¹û×ÜÄÜʹÁ½ÖÖÈܶȻý²»Í¬µÄÀë×Óͨ¹ý³Áµí·´Ó¦ÍêÈ«·ÖÀ뿪¡£
?C£®Ëùν³ÁµíÍêÈ«ÊÇÖ¸³Áµí¼Á½«ÈÜÒºÖÐijһÀë×Ó³ý¾»ÁË¡£
D£®ÈôijϵͳµÄÈÜÒºÖÐÀë×Ó»ýµÈÓÚÈܶȻý£¬Ôò¸Ãϵͳ±ØÈ»´æÔÚ¹ÌÏà¡£
½âÎö Cu2++ H2S ? 2H+ + CuS(s),ÓÉÓÚÉú³ÉÁ˼«ÄÑÈܵÄCuS³Áµí£¬´ÙʹƽºâÏòÓÒÒƶ¯£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐH+Ũ¶ÈÔö´ó£¬µ¼ÖÂÈÜÒºµÄpHÖµ½«±äС¡£
25£®ÏÂÁÐÅäºÏÎïµÄÖÐÐÄÀë×ÓµÄÅäλÊý¶¼ÊÇ6£¬ÏàͬŨ¶ÈµÄË®ÈÜÒºµ¼µçÄÜÁ¦×îÇ¿µÄÊÇ ( D ) A£® K2[MnF6] B£® [Co(NH3)6]Cl3 C£® [Cr(NH3)4]Cl3 D£® K4[Fe(CN)6]
½âÎö ÅäºÏÎïÔÚË®ÈÜÒºÖеĽâÀëÓëÇ¿µç½âÖÊÏàͬ£¬¶øÏàͬŨ¶ÈµÄË®ÈÜÒºµ¼µçÄÜÁ¦µÄ´óСÓëÈÜÒºÖдøµçÁ£×ӵĶàÉÙÓйء£Àë×Ӷ࣬µ¼µçÄÜÁ¦Ç¿¡£
¡¾¸½¼ÓÌâ1¡¿ÏÂÃæÏ¡ÈÜÒºµÄŨ¶ÈÏàͬ£¬ÆäÕôÆøѹ×î¸ßµÄ ( C ) A£®NaClÈÜÒº B£®H3PO4ÈÜÒº C£®C6H12O6ÈÜÒº D£®NH3-H2OÈÜÒº
½âÎö µç½âÖÊÈÜÒºÓëÄѻӷ¢µÄ·Çµç½âÖÊÏ¡ÈÜÒºÒ»Ñù¾ßÓÐÒÀÊýÐÔ£¬ÇÒŨ¶ÈÔ½´ó£¬ÆäÕôÆøѹϽµ¡¢·ÐµãÉÏÉý¡¢Äý¹ÌµãϽµºÍÉø͸ѹֵԽ´ó£¬Ö»ÊÇÏ¡ÈÜҺͨÐÔÖбí´ïµÄÕâЩÐÔÖÊÓëÈÜҺŨ¶È¼äµÄ¶¨Á¿¹Øϵ²»ÊÊÓÃÓÚŨÈÜÒººÍµç½âÖÊÈÜÒº¡£ÓÉÓÚµç½âÖʵĽâÀ룬¹ÊÏàͬŨ¶ÈµÄµç½âÖÊÈÜÒºÖÐÈÜÖÊÁ£×ÓÊýÄ¿´óÓÚÏàͬŨ¶ÈµÄ·Çµç½âÖÊÈÜÒºÖÐÈÜÖÊÁ£×ÓÊýÄ¿¡£Òò¶øÆäÕôÆøѹϽµ¡¢·ÐµãÉÏÉý¡¢Äý¹ÌµãϽµºÍÉø͸ѹµÄÊýÖµ±ÈÏàͬŨ¶ÈµÄ·Ç½âÖÊÈÜÒºµÄÊýÖµ¶¼´ó¡£¶ÔÓÚÏàͬŨ¶ÈµÄÈÜÒº£¬ÕôÆøѹ´óС»òÄýµã¸ßµÍµÄ˳ÐòΪ£º·Çµç½âÖÊÈÜÒº>Èõµç½âÖÊÈÜÒº>ABÐÍÇ¿µç½âÖÊ>A2B»òAB2ÐÍÇ¿µç½âÖÊ¡£±¾ÌâÖÐÖ»ÓУ¨C£©ÊǷǵç½âÖÊÈÜÒº£¬ÆäÕôÆøѹϽµ£¨?P£©×îС£¬¹ÊÕôÆøѹ×î´ó¡£
¡¾¸½¼ÓÌâ2¡¿ÏàͬŨ¶ÈµÄÏÂÁÐÈÜÒºÖзеã×î¸ßµÄÊÇ ( C ) A£®ÆÏÌÑÌÇ B£®NaCl C£®CaCl2 D£®[Cu(NH3)4]SO4
½âÎö ±¾ÌâÖУ¨C£©ÎªAB2ÐÍÇ¿µç½âÖÊÈÜÒº£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐÈÜÖÊÁ£×ÓµÄÊýÄ¿¶à£¬ËùÒÔÆä·Ðµã×î¸ß¡£ ¡¾¸½¼ÓÌâ3¡¿HAc¡¢HCN ¡¢H2OµÄ¹²éî¼îµÄ¼îÐÔÇ¿Èõ˳ÐòÊÇ ( D )
A£®OH- > Ac- > CN- B£®CN- > Ac- > OH- C£®OH- > CN- > Ac- D£®CN- > OH- > Ac-
½âÎö ÔÚË®ÈÜÒºÖУ¬Ò»°ã¸ù¾ÝÈõËáÈõ¼îµÄÖÊ×ÓתÒÆƽºâ³£Êý£¨ÓֽнâÀëƽºâ³£Êý£©µÄ´óС£¬±È½ÏËá¼îµÄÏà¶ÔÇ¿Èõ¡£ÔÚ¹²éîËá¼î¶ÔÖУ¬ÈôËáµÄËáÐÔԽǿ£¬¸ø³öÖÊ×ÓµÄÄÜÁ¦Ô½Ç¿£¬Æä¹²éî¼î½ÓÊÜÖÊ×ÓµÄÄÜÁ¦¾ÍÔ½Èõ£¬¼´¹²éî¼îµÄ¼îÐÔÔ½Èõ¡£ÓÉÖÊ×ÓתÒÆƽºâ³£ÊýµÃÖª£¬ËáÇ¿¶È£º HAc >H2O >HCN £¬Òò´ËDÕýÈ·¡£
¡¾¸½¼ÓÌâ4¡¿0.1mol¡¤kg-1 µÄÏÂÁÐÈÜÒºÖÐpH×îСµÄÊÇ ( B ) A£®HAc B£®NaAc C£®NH3¡¤H2O D£®H2S