2)因为氨基乙酸及质子化氨基乙酸构成缓冲溶液,设pH=2时,
cHA???H????pH?pKa1?lg?cHA??H???质子化氨基乙酸浓度为xmol/L,则
2.00?2.35?lg
?0.1?x??H????x??H??? 即,解得x=0.079
生成0.079mol/L的质子化氨基乙酸,需加酸为0.079×100=7.9ml
5-13.计算下列标准缓冲溶液的pH(考虑离子强度的影响),并与标准值相比较。
a.饱和酒石酸氢钾(0.034 0 mol·L-l);
c.0.010 0 mol·L-l 硼砂。 解:a. p Ka1=3.04,p Ka2=4.37
1(1?0.034?1?0.034)?0.034 I= 2(mol/L),
查表得, 故
?H?0.871?aH??900,
aHB??400,
aB2??500
lg?H??0.512?1?0.034??0.061?0.00328?900?0.034,得
?HB?0.84? 同理可得,
?B?0.512?
又Ka2?c?20KW
c?20Ka1 最简式
?00??H?K?K?K?Ka1a2a1a2???12H??B2?
aH????H???H???Ka10?Ka20?B2?9.1?10?4?4.3?10?5??2.76?10?40.514 pH=3.56
c. c=0.0100 mol/L,p Ka1=4,p Ka2=9
I?1(0.0200?1?0.0200?1)?0.022
B4O72??5H2O?2H3BO3?2H2BO3?
查表
2aHBO??40023
0.021?0.00328?400?0.02 故?H2BO3??0.869
lg?HBO??0.512?1?3H3BO3H??H2BO3? K=5.8×10-10
aH?5.8?10?105.8?10?10???6.67?10?10?HBO??cHBO?0.02?0.8692323
故pH=9.18
5-16. 解: 已知0.1mol?L一元弱酸HB的pH?3.0,问其等浓度的共轭碱NaB的
?1pH为多少?(已知:Kac?10Kw,且c/Ka?100)
解:据题意:
[H?]?Kac
Ka?(10?3)2/c?10?5
Kb?Kw?10?9c/Ka?10Ka Kac?10Kw
OH??Kbc?10?9?10?1?10?5pH?14.0?5.0?9.0
?1?1 5-19. 用0.1mol?LNaOH滴定0.1mol?LHAc至pH?8.00。计算终点误差。
cNaOH?0.05mol?L?1SP解:时
c?500Kbc?20Kw Kb
Kb?Kw?5.6?10?10Ka
[OH?]?Kbc?5.29?10?6
pHsp?14?6?0.72?8.72