↓影响，效果，压力，负担；

1）influence,effect,affect,impact,have bearing on; 2）Pressure,stress,burden,load; 四，趋势符号

← 邀请，需要，访问，来到；be invited, needed, come here; → 去，到，走；to go (there);

↑增加，提升，提高，升级，升值；increase,improve,enhance, grow,advance,heighten,lift,rise,raise,elevate,promote, escalate,update,exalt, boost,nourish,to up,climb up,stand up,bring up,give boost to;

↓ 减少，下降，降低，贬值；decline,decrease,reduce, drop,fall,descend,sink,weaken,devalue,degrade,dwindle,lower,depress,lessen,devaluate,depreciate,diminish,cut down,fall off; 五，英文字母 Y 年，year M 月，month W 周，week h 小时，hour ＇分，minute ＂秒，second

-1y 一年前；one year before;

down,go

b 但是，然而；but,however,nevertheless c 世纪,百年， century,centenary; e 经济；economy,economics;

f 金融,财政; finance,financial,financially;

正 政府，政党，政权，政策，政体，政治；government, politic,political, politician,policy,regime,party; n 很多个；many,much,several; g 改革；reform, change,revolution; k 开放；open,opening-up;

gk 改革开放； reform and opening-up

s 科学，社会；science,scientific,social,society; j 技术；technology,tech; sj 科技；science and technology; h 和平；peace，peaceful;

hd 和平与发展; peace and develop;

ww 双赢，互利；win-win situation, mutual benefit; 六，英文小写缩写 al 尽管，虽然；although; bz 商业， business

co 公司；company,cooperation; com 社团 communion; edu 教育，education;

eg 例子； for example ins 保险 insurance; io 信息，消息；information infra 基础建设；infrastructure nz 新闻；news; tr 贸易，trade; tx 税收，tax,taxation; Ag 农业，agriculture rec 娱乐，recreation

gym 体育馆，健身房；gymnasium Congrats 恭喜，congratulate doc 医生，doctor

demo 示范，表演；demonstration