3. It can recognize different people and make choices about what to eat or which path to take. But does this mean that an animal is capable of thinking and, if so, can it be proved? Our perceptions of animals are filtered through our own human understanding of the world and we often project human feelings and thoughts onto other creatures. Suggested answer:

它会认人、选择食物、识别道路。但这是否意味着它有思维能力呢？如果有的话，又如何证实呢？我们对动物的认知是经过过滤的，是建立在人类对世界的理解的基础上的，我们常常把人类的情感和思想投射到其他动物身上。

4. Many scientists in the 20th century dismissed such findings as unreliable, usually influenced by anthropomorphism, in other words, judging animals by human attributes. However, the pendulum is now swinging away from thinking of animals as machines without intelligence, and back towards Darwin's ideas. A wide range of studies on animals suggests that the roots of intelligence are deep, widespread across the animal kingdom and highly changeable. Suggested answer:

许多20世纪的科学家轻视这些发现，认为它们不可靠，这是受了拟人说的影响，即根据人的特征来判断动物。但是，现在舆论的天平已经不再向那些认为动物像机器一样没有智慧的观点倾斜了，而是向达尔文的观点倾斜。大范围的动物研究表明：智慧之根在动物界的分布既深又广，变化多端。

Translate the sentences into English.

1. 夜贼们忙着往皮卡里扔赃物，急着想尽快开车逃走。正在这时，负责看守小区的保安发现了他们，并报了警。（just about; watch over） Suggested answer:

The burglars were throwing the stolen items to the pickup and were just about to drive away when the guards watching over the living quarters found them and called the police.

2. 三个士兵在密林深处艰难地行走了一整天，试图走向河的东岸，结果却发现他们只在树林里打转，离目的地仍有几十英里之遥。(only to find; short of)

Suggested answer:

The three soldiers had walked with difficulty through the woods for a whole day, trying to navigate to the east bank of the river, only to find that they had been circling in the woods and were still dozens of miles short of their destination.

3. 我觉得今天早晨做动物心智报告的那位学者显然高估了动物的智慧，她甚至认为黑猩猩能够用电脑跟人进行交流。(go so far as to) Suggested answer:

It seems to me that the scholar who talked about animal intelligence this morning has obviously overestimated the animal intelligence. She went so far as to suggest that chimpanzees can communicate with humans through computers.

4. 作为志愿者，我们不仅仅要对前来询问或寻求帮助的人微笑服务，我们还应该具备跨文化交际的技巧，否则我们就干不好这个工作。(be limited to) Suggested answer:

As volunteers, what we need to do is not just limited to smiling to those who come to us for information and help. We must also learn skills for cross-cultural communication, without which our performance cannot be satisfactory.

Unit8

Rewrite the sentences using the more / less ... the more / less. Follow the example.

Example:

You have a stronger will. The task is more futile.

The stronger the will, the more futile the task.

1. You have more hobbies. You're less likely to worry. Suggested answer:

The more hobbies you have, the less likely you are to worry.

2. You work long. You earn more. Suggested answer:

The longer you work, the more you earn.

3. People work more. They have less free time. Suggested answer:

The more people work, the less free time they have.

4. Leisure inactivities have developed more. They have less interaction. Suggested answer:

The more leisure inactivities have developed, the less interaction they have.

5. You change the channel more. You have less chance of becoming interested. Suggested answer:

The more you change the channel, the less chance you have of becoming interested.

6. You spend more time in front of the computer screen. You have less interest in the outside world.

Suggested answer:

The more time you spend in front of a computer screen, the less interest you have in the outside world.

7. You make less effort. You will be a better couch potato. Suggested answer:

The less effort you make, the better couch potato you will be.

Rewrite the sentences using the former / the latter. Follow the example.

Example:

... first, those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure; and secondly, those whose work and pleasure are one. Those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure are the majority.

... first, those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure; and secondly, those whose work and pleasure are one. Of these the former are the majority.

1. Winston Churchill was a British Prime Minister and a Nobel Prize winner. Churchill was more famous as Prime Minister.

Suggested answer:

Winston Churchill was a British Prime Minister and a Nobel Prize winner. He was more famous for the former.

2. There are people who keep work separate from their pleasure, and people whose work is their pleasure. People whose work is their pleasure are more common. Suggested answer:

There are people who keep work separate from their pleasure, and people whose work is their pleasure. The latter is more common.

3. Cricket and football give you the impression of doing something useful. Cricket is more peculiar as a sport. Suggested answer:

Cricket and football give you the impression of doing something useful. The former is more peculiar as a sport.

4. You need somewhere comfortable to sit and the channel hopper. The channel hopper is more important. Suggested answer:

You need somewhere comfortable to sit and the channel hopper. The latter is more important.

5. The couch potato and the mouse potato enjoy leisure inactivity. The mouse potato has less interest in the outside world.

Suggested answer:

The couch potato and the mouse potato enjoy leisure inactivity. The latter has less interest in the outside world.

6. Mouse potatoes travel the world online or participate in chat rooms. Mouse potatoes who travel the world online are more adventurous.

Suggested answer:

Mouse potatoes travel the world online or participate in chat rooms. The former is more adventurous.

Rewrite the sentences using it may well be that. Follow the example.

Example: