Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets and the suffix -ant or -ancy.

1. About 800,000 illegal enter the US every year. (immigrate) Correct answer

immigrants

2. She says her dream is to be one of the on a TV reality show like \(contest)

3. I want to get a job as a teacher, but there aren't many at the moment. (vacant) Correct answer

vacancies

Correct answer contestants

4. I have a friend who runs a management in London. (consult) Correct answer consultancy

5. The trial lasted three days, during which time the never opened her mouth. (defend)

Correct answer defendant

6. Mel can't make his mind up about anything. His is a bit worrying. (hesitant) Correct answer hesitancy

7. I don't know the way out of the building. Perhaps you should ask the over there. (attend)

Correct answer attendant

8. A normal lasts for about 40 weeks. (pregnant) Correct answer

pregnancy

9. He worked as an headteacher for two years before coming here. (assist)

Correct answer

assistant

Complete the answers with the correct form of the underlined words and the prefix mis-.

1. What happens if you don't understand something properly? You it. Correct answer misunderstand

2. What have you done with something if it's in the wrong place? You have it. Correct answer misplaced

3. What is the opposite of good fortune? It is . Correct answer misfortune

4. If you have made an incorrect judgement of someone's character, what have you done?

You have made a . Correct answer

misjudgement

5. If you have not been correctly informed about something, what has happened? You have been about it. Correct answer misinformed

Now rewrite the sentences using by the time. Follow the example.

Example:

I accumulated a fixed circle of people. Then I lost my hearing.

By the time I lost my hearing, I'd already accumulated a fixed circle of people.

1. I arrived at the party. Almost everyone had already left. Suggested answer:

By the time I arrived at the party, almost everyone had already left.

2. At the age of two, children know about 100 words.

Suggested answer:

By the time children are two, they have known about 100 words.

3. In the end he realized what was happening, but it was too late to ask for help. Suggested answer:

By the time he realized what was happening, it had been too late to ask for help.

4. When I finally got my degree, most of my friends already had jobs. Suggested answer:

By the time I finally got my degree, most of my friends already had jobs.

5. Children learn a lot of useful skills before they leave primary school.

Suggested answer:

By the time they leave primary school, children have learnt a lot of useful skills.

6. Courtney finished writing the essay. The deadline had already passed. Suggested answer:

By the time Courtney finished writing the essay, the deadline had already passed.

Rewrite the sentences using as if / as though. Follow the example.

Example:

Hope crawled off to be comforted by her mother. She was the one who seemed to have been hurt (and not the other baby).

Hope crawled off to be comforted by her mother, as though it were she who had been hurt.

1. I didn't make the mistake, but the old man shouted at me. Suggested answer:

The old man shouted at me, as if / as though it were me who had made the mistake.

2. The girl didn't fall over, but she started crying.

Suggested answer:

The girl started crying, as if / as though it were she who had fallen over.

3. It wasn't Lucy's party, but she stood at the door welcoming everyone. Suggested answer:

Lucy stood at the door welcoming everyone, as if / as though it were her party.

4. David wasn't making the noise, but Sylvia closed the door of his room.

Suggested answer:

Sylvia closed the door of David's room, as if / as though it were him that was making the noise.

Translate the sentences into Chinese.

1. Such motor mimicry, as it is called, is the original technical sense of the word empathy as it was first used in the 1920s by E. B. Titchener, an American psychologist. Titchener's theory was that empathy stemmed from a sort of physical imitation of the distress of another, which then evokes the same feelings in oneself. Suggested answer:

这种所谓的运动神经模仿就是“同感”的原始技术含义，而“同感”这个词于20世纪20年代由美国心理学家E.B.铁钦纳首次使用。铁钦纳的理论是：同感发自对他人痛苦的一种身体模仿，这种模仿继而在自身引起同样的心理感受。

2. He sought a word that would be distinct from sympathy, which can be felt for the general plight of another with no sharing whatever of what that other person is feeling. Motor mimicry fades from toddlers' repertoire at around two and a half years, at which point they realize that someone else's pain is different from their own, and are better able to comfort them. Suggested answer:

他当时在寻找一个与同情有所区别的词；同情是针对他人的一般困境而发的，无须分担他人的任何感受。小孩两岁半左右就渐渐不再有运动神经模仿行为，那时他们会意识到别人的痛苦与自己的不同，会更有能力安慰别人。

3. I also love the split-second shocked expression on the new people, the hasty smiles and their best imitations of what they think of as their \al faces\well enough I turn my head ever so slightly and tuck my hair behind one of my ears, whichever one's closer to them.

Suggested answer:

我也喜欢生人脸上那瞬间的震惊表情、匆忙的微笑和他们竭力装出的“正常脸色”。如果他们这套仪式做得够好，我就会微微转过头，把头发掖到离他们较近的那只耳朵后面。