内蒙古工业大学本科毕业设计说明书

摘要

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目前生产甲醇的主要原料是煤和天然气，甲醇的生产工艺过程分为合成气（氢和一氧化碳)的制造、甲醇的合成和精制3部分。用煤和焦炭制甲醇的工艺路线包括燃料的气化、气体的脱硫、变换、脱碳及甲醇合成与精制。本文设计了甲醇的合成和精馏工艺，设计中采用低压法中的I.C.I法合成甲醇，采用双效法三塔粗甲醇精馏工艺来对粗甲醇进行精馏。

低压甲醇合成工艺流程是指采用低温、低压和高活性铜基催化剂，在5MPa左右压力下，由合成气合成甲醇的工艺流程。本设计采用ICI法合成甲醇，催化剂为铜基催化剂，其活性组分是Cu和ZnO，该催化剂的活性高。合成反应的温度较低，在（230-270℃），操作压力较低（5-10MPa），广泛用于甲醇合成。

本设计中精馏工艺采用双效法三塔粗甲醇精馏工艺，与双塔精馏相比三塔精馏可以提高甲醇的质量和收率，并且可以降低蒸汽消耗。本设计中计算了甲醇生产过程中的合成工段和精馏工段，对其进行了物料衡算和热量衡算，并对甲醇水冷器进行了设备选型计算。在设计过程中绘制了合成和精馏工段的设备一览表和物料流程图，并绘制了合成工段的P I D图、设备布置图和管道布置图。 关键词：甲醇 I.C.I低压法 双效法三塔粗甲醇精馏

内蒙古工业大学本科毕业设计说明书

Abstract

Currently the main raw material production of methanol was from coal and natural gas,

methanol production process was distinguished into three parts， such as the production of synthesis gas (hydrogen and carbon monoxide), synthesis and refining of methanol.

in the manufacture of methanol synthesis and coal and coke manufacturing process route were included methanol fuel gasification, gas desulfurization, transformation, decarburization and methanol synthesis and purification. This design for methanol synthesis and distillation process, the design of the ICI low pressure methanol synthesis, double-follow three towers to crude methanol distillation of crude methanol distillation.

Low-pressure methanol synthesis process was the use of low-temperature, low pressure and high activity copper-based catalyst, in 5MPa about pressure, synthesis gas from the methanol synthesis process. This design was used ICI methanol synthesis catalyst for the copper-based catalyst; the active component is Cu and ZnO, the catalyst of high activity. Reaction temperature was lower, at (230~270℃), low operating pressure (5-10Mpa), which widely used in methanol synthesis.

The design of double distillation process of crude methanol distillation process to follow three towers, distillation towers, which compared with three towers distillation of methanol can improve the quality and yield, and reduce steam consumption. The design

内蒙古工业大学本科毕业设计说明书

calculations for methanol synthesis section in the production process and distillation steps, was the material balance and heat balance, and methanol and water coolers of the equipment sizing. In the design process to draw the synthesis and distillation section in the list of equipment and material flow, and was mapped the synthesis section in the PID diagrams, equipment layout and piping layout.

Keywords: methanol；ICI low pressure；Double distillation of crude methanol to follow Santa

内蒙古工业大学本科毕业设计说明书

目录

绪论 ............................................................... 1 第一章 甲醇生产工艺介绍 ........................................... 2

1.1 甲醇的性质及用途 ........................................... 2

1.1.1 甲醇的物理和化学性质 ................................. 2 1.1.2 甲醇的用途 ........................................... 2 1.2 甲醇的生产方法 ............................................. 3

1.2.1天然气制甲醇的生产方法 ................................. 2 1.2.2 煤、焦炭制甲醇的生产方法 ............................. 3 1.2.3 联醇生产方法 .......................................... 4 1.3 甲醇的生产工艺 ............................................. 4

1.3.1 合成气的制造 ......................................... 4 1.3.2 甲醇的合成方法 ....................................... 6 1.3.2.1 气相甲醇合成工艺发展 ............................... 6 1.3.2.2 甲醇合成工艺的发展趋势 ............................. 8 1.3.3 甲醇的精馏 ........................................... 9 1.3.3.1 双塔精馏工艺流程 .................................... 9 1.3.3.2 三塔工艺流程 ........................................ 9 1.3.3.3 三塔精馏工艺的优点 ................................. 11 1.3.3.4 工艺运行控制要点及意义 ............................ 11

第二章 甲醇合成的工艺计算 ....................................... 13

2.1 甲醇合成工艺计算 ........................................... 14

2.1.1 循环气中氮气的含量的计算 ............................ 15 2.1.2 弛放气及新鲜气加入量计算 ............................ 15 2.1.3 甲烷生成量的计算 .................................... 16 2.1.4 进行逆变换消耗二氧化碳量的计算 ...................... 16 2.2 进合成塔气体量及组成的计算 ................................. 17 2.3 出合成塔气体量及组成的计算 ................................ 18 2.4 弛放气的量及组成的计算 .................................... 19 2.5 甲醇水冷器的物料衡算 ...................................... 20