begin to realize that men aren't the only ones who are important or who have made great achievements. Most words that indicate only one gender have been replaced with words that refer to both males and females. Thus, a poetess is called a poet, a waitress is a server, and mankind has become humankind.
51. Words are added to language ________.
A. when new things are invented
B. when society changes
C. when old words disappear
D. all the time
52. Words are changed because ________.
A. it is part of everyday life.
B. the handicapped should be proud of themselves.
C. many old words cause negative feelings.
D. some words look silly and awkward.
53. A doorman is now called ________.
A. attendant
B. watchman
C. trash man
D. server
54. Which of the following is one important influence on our language in
the past decade according to the passage? A. The changing attitude toward the elderly.
B. The changing job market.
C. The changing role of women.
D. The changing social opinions.
55. Which of the following best summarizes the passage?
A. Language is always added with new vocabulary.
B. Language changes with the changing of society.
C. Changing language reflects the achievements of people.
D. Changing language gives people more individual rights.
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage. People use more than just words to communicate. In fact, some
researchers claim that less than half of a spoken message's real meaning is in the words used in the message. They say that most of a message's meaning comes from understanding how the speaker uses things like tone of voice and body language.
Body language includes such things as the expression on the speaker's face, gestures that speaker makes with his or her hands, and the position of the speaker's body. Just as there are many different languages spoken around the world, there are many different ways for people to use body language, too. For example, gestures may imply different meanings in different cultures. Making a \However, in Arab cultures, this gesture is extremely offensive.
Although many gestures can be interpreted differently by different cultures, there are also many gestures that are almost universally interpreted in the same way. For example, by and large, a smile is understood as a sign of friendship or good will around the world. Also, using an open hand to gesture toward something is viewed as polite or friendly in most cultures. There are also some forms of body language that can be universally read with the meaning, \kind of body language is used unconsciously between two people. These signs of interest include standing or sitting with both feet flat on the ground, mirroring or using the same gestures as the other person, and turning one's body to fully face the other person.
Body language experts point out one important thing. The person's culture
is only one factor that can influence his or her use of body language. The time and place where the body language is being used can have a lot to do with a person's body language. If the person has had a bad day or if a meeting takes place in a crowded place, the body language a person uses may be very different from under other circumstances.
56. According to the passage, more than half of a spoken message's real
meaning comes from ________. A. words used in the message
B. things used in the message
C. the speaker's tone of voice
D. the speaker's tone and body language
57. The second paragraph describes ________.
A. an example of a gesture not used in India
B. different meanings of gestures in different cultures
C. how gestures can change the meaning of words
D. useful gestures in Arab cultures
58. If a person starts copying your body language, what does this
suggest?
A. He/She is interested in you.
B. He/She isn't interested in you.
C. He/She doesn't agree with you.
D. He/She agrees with you.
59. People may use different body languages ________.
A. only in different places
B. only at different time
C. under different circumstances
D. under few circumstances
60. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Body language is an important part of communication.
B. Body language is affected by culture.
C. Body language can be extremely offensive.
D. Body language can tell you whether people like you.
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
Grammar is an aspect of language about which learners have different opinions. Some learners are very interested in finding out or learning grammar rules and doing lots of grammar exercises. Others hate grammar and think it is the most boring part of learning a new language. Whatever opinion you have, however, you cannot escape from grammar; it is in every sentence you read or write, speak or hear. Grammar is simply the word for the rules that people follow when they use a language. We need those rules in the same way as we need the rules in a game. If there are no rules, or if everybody follows their own rules, the game would soon break down. It's the same with language; without rules we would not be able to communicate with other people.
So you cannot escape from grammar, but the key question here is: What is the best way to learn grammar? You can learn the rules of a game by simply playing the game. You will certainly make mistakes; you may even get hurt. Eventually, however, you will know how to play. Of course, the rules of a language are very much more complicated than the rules of any game, but in fact this is exactly how you learned your own language. Nobody taught you the rules of your mother tongue as you were growing up but now you never make a grammar mistake.
Most people learning a new language do not have so much time and such an ideal situation. So, there is no easy answer to the question. There are just as many different opinions about teaching grammar as there are about learning grammar. Many teachers believe in the importance of grammar lessons devoted to a study of language rules and lots of practice exercises. Other teachers feel that grammar is best learned by doing different language activities without focusing so directly on the rules. Whatever your