10. ______ reason, you should not have refused his
invitation. A. However
B. What C. Whatever D. No matter
A. whatever与whichever
如果句中明确指出选择对象时，用whichever, 否则用whatever
15. 【2012辽宁】The newcomer went to the library the
other day and searched for ______ he could find about Mark Twain.
A. wherever B. however C. whatever D. whichever 16. 【2009湖南】She is very dear to us. We have been
11. 【2008全国I】The lawyer seldom wears anything other
than a suit ______ the season.
A. whatever B. wherever C. whenever D. however 12. 【2005浙江】The old tower must be saved, ______ the
cost. A. however wherever
考点5. 不管是引导名词性从句还是让步状语从句，从句都
用陈述语序
（从句一般都用陈述语序。参看P. 错误!未定义书签。错误!未找到引用源。）
B. whatever C. whichever D.
prepared to do ______ it takes to save her life. A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever 17. 【2012 陕西】As many as five courses are provided,
and you are free to choose ______ suits you best. A whatever
B. whichever D. wherever
C. whenever
18. 【2013江西】______ one of you breaks the window will
13. ______, his wife will stand at the gate to wait for
him to come back. A. However he is late C. However late he is
B. However is he late D. However late is he
B. whoever与whomever
14. 【2007上海春】______ tomorrow, our ship will set
sail for Macao.
A. However the weather is like B. However is the weather like C. Whatever is the weather like D. Whatever the weather is like
考点6. 让步状语从句也遵循“主将从现”规则(参看P.错误!
未定义书签。)
注意：这类从句中应用一般现在时表将来，从句中也常用情态动词 may / might。
Whichever dictionary you（may）take, you will have to pay at least 20 dollars.
Whenever he comes back, he will never escape being punished. 考点7. 其他考点
21. 【2009全国I】Could I speak to ______ is in charge 20. 【2010重庆】To improve the quality of our products,
we asked for suggestions _______ had used the products. A. whoever
B. who
C. whichever D. which
这两个词引导名词性从句时，既可作主句成分，又可作从句成分。用主格（whoever）还是宾格（whomever）关键是要看在从句中作什么成分（在现代英语中，常用 whoever 代替whomever）。如：
This prize will be awarded to whoever runs fastest.(whoever虽然在主句中作宾语，但在从句中作主语，看在从句中作的成分，因此要用whoever, 而不用whomever)
19. 【2012福建】We promise ______ attends the party a
chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. A. who
B. whom
C. whoever D. whomever
have to pay for it. A. Whoever Wherever
B. Whatever C. Whichever D.
of International Sales please? A. who
B. what
C. whoever D. whatever
4. 【2008浙江】______ wants to stay in a hotel has to
pay their own way.
5. We shall defend our city, ______ the cost
. III.
写作技能提升
C. however much work
虽然much work是名词短语，但however修饰的是much, 而不是work, 因此用however, 不用whatever。 22. 【2004湖北】You should try to get a good night’s
sleep ______ much work you have to do. A. however
B. no matter D. whatever
C. although
6. 我们必须尽一切努力来保护我们的环境。（whatever ） 7. 无论什么原因，你都不应当顶撞你的父母亲。
（contradict your parents）
8. 无论谁想成功，都必须尽最大努力。（whoever, succeed,
do one’s best）
9. 如果我们有坚强的意志，我们就能战胜任何困难，不管
它多么大。（work with a strong will, overcome any difficulty）
23. 【2006陕西】This is a very interesting book. I’ll
buy it, ______.
A. how much may it cost B. no matter how it may cost
C. however much it may cost cost
D. how may it
10. 无论我回来多么晚，母亲总是在那里等我。（however late,
always）
I. 单句改错
11. 【2014湖北】任何人提供有用信息帮助抓住劫匪，警方
将予以奖励。
【2011上海】如果能找到任何适合你的学习方法，你的1. You can choose whatever book you like among these. 12. 2. You can ask whomever is good at it to help you. 3. No matter who gets a gold medal will get a bonus. II. 语法填空（每空至多填三词）
学习效率就可能明显提高。(whatever)
13. 【2007上海】无论风多大、雨多急，警察一直坚守在岗
位上。（no matter…）
第5讲 间直引语（宾语从句）
直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号“ ”标出，叫做直接引语；用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号这叫
B. 主句是一般过去时，宾语从句用相应的过去时态。
做间接引语。实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句。
改错：
考点1. 时态变化问题
A. 主句是一般现在时和一般将来时，从句仍用原时态。
He says, “I like English best.” →He says that he likes English best.
① He said he enjoys reading English novels. ② He said the girl is doing some washing. ③ He told me that he has never been there before. ④ He told me that he will never forgive me. 答案与解析：
I will tell him, “I have got rid of the book.” →I will tell him that I have got rid of the book.
① enjoys → enjoyed ② is → was ③ has → had
④ will → would
一般的规律是：
一般现在时 → 一般过去时 现在进行时 → 过去进行时 现在完成时 → 过去完成时 一般将来时 → 过去将来时 一般过去时 → 过去完成时 过去完成时 → 不变 过去进行时 → 不变
C. 当直接引语是客观真理或谚语时时态不需变化。 Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
He said that practice makes perfect.
D. 直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时时态也不需
变。
He told us that he went to college in 1994.
He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school.
1. He said that he ______ for Shanghai the next day.
A. will leave B. has left C. would leave D.
had left
2. I never dreamed I ______ here discussing state
affairs with the other deputies. A. will be sitting
B. would be sitting
C. will have been sitting D.
would have been sitting
3. 【2012山东】The manager was concerned to hear that
two of his trusted workers ______. A. will leave B. are leaving C. have left
D. were leaving
4. Darwin proved that natural selection ______ the
chief factor in the development of species. A. has been B. had been C. is
D. was
考点2. 宾语从句中的连词问题（参看P. 1） 考点3. 祈使句的间接引语
用带to的不定式表达，谓语动词常是ask, advise, tell, warn, order, request等。如：ask sb. to do sth. He said, “Be seated, please. ” → He asked us to be seated. 考点4. 宾语从句要用陈述语序
在名词性从句中一律用陈述句的语序。
（从句都是用陈述语序。参看P.错误!未定义书签。错误!未找到引用源。）
注意：What’s the trouble? 和 What’s the matter?
本身就是陈述语序。
5. Henry killed the dog. I’ll ask him why ______.
A. did he do that B. he did that C. he did
D. he has done so
6. He asked me ______ with me.
A. what is the trouble B. what wrong was C. what was the matter D. what trouble it is 7. Excuse me, would you please tell me ______?
A. when the sports meet is taken place B. when is the sports meet going to be held C. when is the sports meet to begin D. when the sports meet is to take place 8. Do you know ______?
A. how many populations there are in the world B. how much population there is in the world C. how many the population of the world is D. what the population of the world is 9. —______?
—I think he is Charles. A. Who do you think he is B. Do you think who he is C. Whom do you think he is
D. Do you think who is he
10. 【2010上海】When changing lanes, a driver should
use his turning signal to let other drivers know ______.
A. he is entering which lane
B. which lane he is entering C. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering 考点5. 几个时间状语的变化
now →then
today → that day
yesterday → the day before last week → the week before
tomorrow → the next (following ) day next year → the next year
two days ago→ two days before 注意：
next和ago都是以现在为起点，the next和before是以过去为起点。因此，如果主句是一般过去时，后面的宾语从句一般要用the next和before。 He said, “I will return next week.” → He said he would return the next week. He said, “I returned your book three days ago.” → He said he had returned my book three days before.
I. 单句改错
1. 【2014新课标Ⅰ】Nearly five years before, and with
the help of our father, my sister and I planted some
cherry tomatoes（圣女果）in our back garden.
2. My father said Mother had gone to Beijing a week ago.
3. 【2004全国Ⅳ】I' m very glad to hear you are coming
to visit me the next Friday.
4. He asked me that where I lived.
5. Our teacher said he has never seen such a good
student.
6. They said they are strongly against the idea. 7. 【2009浙江】I stood there and couldn’t believe
that a complete stranger is so thoughtful. II. 语法填空（每空至多填三词）
把下列直接引语变为间接引语（每空1词） 8. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.
He asked ______ ______ knew where she ______. 9. She said to us,“ I’ll come here tomorrow.”
She told us that she ______ go there _____ ______ _____.
10. \We are going to study in Australia next month.\
they said.
They said they ______ going to study in Australia ______ ______ month.
11. . “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.
He ______ me that he ______ met the day ______. 12. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.
He said that he ______ bought the house 10 years ______.
13. They said, “We planted the tree last year.”
They said that they had planted the tree the year ______.
14. “I’ve found my wallet.” he said to me.
He told me that he ______ ______ my wallet. 15. “You must come here before five.” he said.
He said that I ______ to go there before five. 16. My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”
My father said that practice ______ perfect.
17. He said to me, “I was born in 1978.
He told me that he ______ born in 1978. III.
写作技能提升
18. 但是，其余的持相反观点。他们说短期的训练在增强他