Unit 1 Putting in a Good Word for Guilt
2. Vocabulary:
(1) An increasing number of children’s books attempt to portray life as it is for members of disadvantaged and minority groups. This year saw the publication of a rich [assortment] of realistic fictions for children aged 8-12 and older. [assortment] n. A collection of various kinds; a variety 多种多样;一批品种多样的收藏；多种多样
(2) People with [narcissistic] personality disorder have a great sense of self-importance. They seek excessive admiration from others and fantasize about unlimited success or power.
[narcissistic] adj.自恋的,自我陶醉的 narcissist n.自我陶醉者 narcissistically adv.
(3) Studies on film consumers had indicated teenage audience as s a prime market, with the result that Hollywood filmmakers [obsessively] catered to that market, sometimes at the expense of adult fare. [obsessively] adv.强迫性地, 着迷似地 obsessive adj.
[1] Of, relating to, characteristic of, or causing an obsession着迷,与着迷有关的或具有着迷特征的
obsessive gambling着迷于赌博
[2] Excessive in degree or nature急迫的,在程度或性质上过分的 an obsessive need to win急迫的想赢的欲望 obsessiveness n.（名词）
obsess vt.(魔鬼、妄想等)缠住; 迷住 [常用被动结构]使窘困; 使烦扰
be obsessed by [with] 被...附上[缠住, 迷住心窍] obsessor n.使人烦扰的人或事
(4) Robinson found many savages on this island. They were seen warring, [slaying] and eating each other, and sacrificing one another by thousands to their gods. [slaying ] <= slay v.tr.（及物动词）
[动词各种形态：slew,slain, slaying，slays] [1] To kill violently凶狠地杀死
The soldiers slain in the battle were burried that night. 在那天夜晚，埋葬了在战斗中牺牲了的战士。 [2] [Slang] To overwhelm, as with laughter or love 【俚语】 深深感动; 压倒, 克服; 使禁不住大笑
Those old jokes still slay me.那些古老的笑话仍让我感动。 Middle English slen, slayen中古英语 slen, slayen
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slayer n. 杀人者, 凶手
对比词汇：destroy; exterminate; kill ; put to death
(5) Attempting to make money from the growing [legion] of both female and male fans of basketball, he started to write love stories with basketball as one of the elements. [legion] n.
[1] The major unit of the Roman army consisting of 3,000 to 6,000 infantry troops and 100 to 200 cavalry troops.古罗马军团：古罗马军队的主要单位，由3,000至6,000名步兵和100至200名骑兵组成
[2] A large military unit trained for combat; an army.
军队，兵团：被训练以用于战斗的庞大的军事单位；军队 [3] A large number; a multitude.See Synonyms at multitude 大量；众多.参见 multitude a legion of followers大批追随者
Middle English: legioun中古英语 legioun from Old French legion源自 古法语 legion 对照词汇：
army, battalion, company, division, force, outfit, regiments, quad, team, troop, unit
(6) Being somewhat older than he was, they [instilled] into him a false idea of their superiority, and it was by this means they retained him in their “set”—a set of wild, dissipated (闲游浪荡的) young men. instill [instill]
v.tr.（及物动词）
[词形：in.stilled， in.still.ing， in.stills也作 in.stils] [1] To introduce by gradual, persistent efforts; implant: 逐渐的，持续地灌输；灌输：
“Morality . . . may be instilled into their minds”(Thomas Jefferson) “道德可以灌输到他们的头脑中”(托马斯·杰弗逊) Middle English： instillen 中古英语 instillen
(7) It is perhaps difficult for White South Africans, with an [ingrained] prejudice against communism, to understand why experienced African politicians so readily accept communists as their friends. [ingrained] adj.
Firmly established; deep-seated 根深蒂固的；牢固的
ingrained prejudice; 根深蒂固的偏见 the ingrained habits of a lifetime 一生的根深蒂固的习惯
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(8) While administration officials were kept busy answering the charges, the secretary and chairman [hustled] back and forth between committees on both sides of the Capitol defending the pace and scope of the defense effort. [hustle]
[词形：hustled， hustling， hustles] v.intr.（不及物动词）
To work or move energetically and rapidly
赶忙，有干劲儿：精力充沛、动作迅速地工作或运动 Come on, now! Hustle!
We hustled to get dinner ready on time. 我们忙着把晚餐按时准备好 hustle for
[美口]费力气想得到, 极力争取
(9) Thousands of soccer fans stormed the gates of an already overcrowded stadium, minutes before game time. 49 people were killed and 47 injured in the [stampede]. [stampede] n.
[1] A sudden frenzied rush of panic-stricken animals 惊逃，受惊吓的动物突然狂奔
[2] A sudden headlong rush or flight of a crowd of people 逃窜，一哄而散，人群突然猛冲或飞奔
There was a stampede of panic-stricken crowd from the burning hotel. 一群惊惶失措的人们, 从失火的旅馆中跑了出来。
[3] A mass impulsive action 蜂拥
a stampede of support for the candidate. 纷纷支持那个侯选人
(10) For a fleeting moment I felt uneasy. Like many Americans making their first trip to an unfamiliar Asian city, I had harbored [qualms] about just how I might be received. [qualm] n.
A sudden disturbing feeling
不安，疑虑；突然引起不安的感觉 qualms of homesickness 思乡症
3.Paraphrase:
(1) But then it came to my mind that people have given up guilt for too long a time. During that period of time of about ten years or more, those welcome psychologists
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solved people’s mental problems by writing books instead of giving clinical treatment. And they are trying to advocate the concept that nobody should feel guilty for anything.
(2)In the past, it was commonly thought that to love himself, everyone should first give up his guilt. For the most part of the past ten years, people deliberately ignored the sense of guilt without understanding its meaning and significance.
(3)What’s more, we would never be one of those who give up their guilt while becoming more and more deteriorated in excessive admiration of themselves.
(4)There are people who are tortured by unreasonable guilt. Of course we are not willing to be one of them or guide our children to be one of them.
(5)In such a changeable world, our sense of duty is very likely to change our feeling. Now an old concept may conflict with a new one on what we should do. There is a great difference between our belief and the education we got, and that difference results in the sense of guilt.
(6)If guilt represents the contradiction of our standards of behavior, it is a good thing full of strength and humanness.
(7)In some aspect, the so-called bad feeling reflects the best nature of human being. Because we don’t want to feel guilty, we will not do bad things.
(8)In that aspect, guilt can make us civilized and force us by conscience to be good people instead of putting ourselves in the first place urgently.
4. Cloze:
Guilt can be a feeling of (1) [remorse] about an action or situation in which you had some culpability or (2) [responsibility]. Sometimes we can feel guilty even there is no (3) [reason].
Any ideas about what has (4) [triggered] the guilt? What is of interest in our context is the neurotic sense of guilt which is a form of (5) [anxiety] mostly connected to repressed, murderous rage. The person feels as if he had (6) [committed] a moral crime.
Does too much (7) [criticism] really cause too much guilt? Harsh parenting leads to decreased (8) [empathy], guilt, and selfcontrol. Children are more likely to (9) [develop] a sense of morality/ conscience if parents use induction. Guilt means that a person does something that (10) [violate] their moral code, (11) [value] system, or their sense of right/ wrong and good/ bad. In other words, once they do something (12) [against] their duty, people will have the sense of guilt. In the final analysis we judge things by whether they (13) [fulfill] the purpose for which they were made. It is a (14) [generally] accepted principle that one cannot condemn something for (15) [failing] to achieve what it was never (16) [intended] to achieve. If man is merely a (17) [biochemical] machine, he cannot be (18) [judged] on any moral grounds (19) [since] the behavior of machines is predetermined by their very (20) *nature+ and is in no sense “moral.”
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5. Translation:
A. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
To be happy, a man must feel, firstly, free and, secondly, important. 人要想快乐，首先必须感到自由，其次，必须感到自己重要。He cannot be really happy if he is compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing, or if what he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance. 假如迫于社会压力做自己不乐意做的事，或者乐于做的事被认为一文不值，毫不重要，得不到社会的承认，那么这样的人是不可能真正快乐的。A man is a laborer if the job society offers him is of no interest to himself but he is compelled to take it by the necessity of earning a living and supporting his family. 倘若一个人对社会给予他的差事不感兴趣，干下去只是出于谋生和养家糊口的需要，那么此人就只是个雇佣劳动者。A man is a worker if he is personally interested in the job which society pays him to do. 倘若一个人打心眼里对社会掏钱让他干的差事感兴趣，那么他就是一个工作者。Whether a job is to be classified as labor or work depends, not on the job itself, but on the tastes of the individual who undertakes it. 一件差事究竟是劳动还是工作并不取决于差事本身，而是取决于干这个差事的人的喜好。The difference does not coincide with the difference between a manual and a mental job. 这种差异并不等同于体力和脑力劳动之间的区别。Which a man is can be seen from his attitude toward leisure. 从一个人对休闲的态度可以看出他属于哪类人。To a worker, leisure means simply the hours he needs to relax and rest in order to work efficiently. 对工作者而言，休闲不过是放松休息几个小时，为的是工作起来效率更高。He is therefore more likely to take too little leisure than too much. 所以他很可能花很少的时间休息，而不是很多。To the laborer, on the other hand, leisure means freedom from compulsion, so that it is natural for him to imagine that the fewer hours he has to spend laboring, and the more hours he is free to play, the better. 对劳动者而言恰恰相反，休闲意味着摆脱了羁绊，他总盼着少干多玩，工作时间越短越好，这种想法也在情理之中。
B. Translate the following sentences into English.
(1)People appealed to the government to put in a good word for the real hero after the truth came out.
(2)On the coming of the New Year, it occurred to Sam that he should put aside his work for a while and call his parents.
(3)In a time of change, young people often put self-interest in the first place and tune out social commitment.
(4)The government has realized that serious social problems may arise from wealth polarization, and measures have been taken to shorten the distance.
(5)As the cost of being famous, stars are particularly vulnerable to criticism, because people always have higher expectations of them.
(6)After the terrorist attack was successfully suppressed, the horror-stricken hostages were shepherded across a secret passage to the safety zone.
(7)Finally, the author chose to retort the rumor not because of any personal offense, but rather in response to injuries inflicted on others.
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(8)The criminal explains to his lawyer that his will is so naturally fragile that his physical needs often overpower his feeling, which leads to the theft of his acquaintance.
(9) When her grandma, the only person who loved her in the world, passed away, her heart was filled with nothing else but deep sorrow and regret.
Unit 2 In the Beginning: God and Science
2. Vocabulary
(1) profane (2) ignited (3) concocted (4) reverberations (5) subversive (6) enigmatic (7) convergence (8) provisional (9) defy（10) transparent
3. Paraphrase
(1) It’s hard and even intolerable to imagine the infinitive universe, like the endless time, but this idea can at least make people feel calm and peaceful.
(2) However, in recent decades, the Steady State model of universe has been substituted in scientific field by a more difficult idea that the universe is full of forceful actions.
(3) The Big Bang theory makes some astronomers very uneasy, but at the same time, creates a little excitement in religious field for it seems to confirm their belief in creation.
(4) Science educed the Big Bang theory from the hard work of assumption and testification and even unexpected but pleasant incidents, which share little interest with ideology.
(5) Many theologians also agree that the similar point of religion and science on the issue of creation is accidental without deep significance.
(6) Some scientists refuse to consider the issue of creation with the attitude of dealing with the fact.
(7)Yet, actually everyone, including scientists and common religious persons, is possessed by the confusing issues of creation and even what happened before it. (8) People who are engaged in the hitech field need something from spirit and ethics to conduct their work.
(9) The Big Bang theory of course is not the perfect final theory of creation that human can develop, but what it shows to us is a vast unknown area that requires effort and appropriate respect from both religion and science.
4. Cloze
(1) concerned (2) deeply (3) movements (4) longing (5) endeavor (6) present (7) religious (8) suffice (9) varying (10) experience (11) primitive(12) evokes (13) stage
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(14) poorly (15) creates (16) depend (17) handed(18) disposed (19) degree (20) basis
5. Translation
A. Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.
(1) 硅芯片时代的不可知论可被除了造物之外的许多疑惑所动摇。几乎具有同样神秘色彩的问题是，在几十亿年前，是什么条件产生了第一个能够复制自身的分子。这一步使得遍布地球的所有生命形式的发展成为可能。为什么恰在那时发生呢？对于科学和神学在大爆炸宇宙学上表面的趋同，宗教界表现出来的热情是可以理解的。自启蒙运动以来，《圣经》所述的创世故事或者其它“事件”，如人之堕落和耶稣基督的奇迹，屡屡遭遇科学的贬抑；它们仅仅被当作神话、迷信而已。现在信徒们不由得要相信科学已经费力地证实了至少一个圣经“神话”：创世说。 (2) 美国国家航空和航天局宣布科学家已经发现来自火星的陨石中有生命的迹象。到目前为止，公众的反响相当积极。不过随着人们进一步领会其深层含义，这种积极的反响可能会改变。来自国家宇航局的这一消息是近500年来对人类最大的冒犯。这个新发现说明生命很可能是相当普通的一种现象，只要有点机会在任何地方都可能发生。地球并不特殊。异类的生命形式也不特别。它们不是人们通常合情合理想象的长着尖尖耳朵或其它可爱特点的人形生命，它们很可能更像简单的细菌。地球上的生命之所以特别是因为我们只了解这一种生命形式。那么就这一点来说，现在行将破碎的那类教条根本就是建立在无知的基础上的。生物学的根基非常脆弱，它只有一个数据点，即地球上的生命。
B. Translate the following sentences into English.
(1) Since my grandma knows nothing about electrical appliance, she always stays clear of any of them with fear.
(2) Although they have been sieged for almost a week, the soldiers swear never to yield the ground to the enemy.
(3) To his embarrassment, his new boss turned out to be his primary school classmate, on whom he used to play trick.
(4)Everybody should know how to choose when their social responsibility clashes with their personal interest.
(5) Tourists from all over the world are really taken by the beauty and intelligence shown in this palace.
(6) This book provides a sharp look at the domestic lives of middleclass African Americans and the residual impacts of slavery and racial discrimination.
(7) That morning in the largest rural market in Asian, I saw at least a hundred thousand people jostled with one another to buy livestock, which is so unforgettable to me.
(8) The narration at first continues the light spoken tone of the earlier novel, but as it develops, this tone recedes, only occasionally bursting forth in humorous words.
(9) The two groups concurred that even the toughest gun laws would have no effect on crime rate; the key lies in the education of people.
(10) No one could expect that the great writer’s grave was marked by a small wooden board, bearing his name, the letters of which were nearly obliterated by time.
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Unit 3 Privacy and Property on Net
2. Vocabulary
(1) confidential (2) facilitate (3) bizarre (4) innovation
(5) surveillance (6) Incidentally (7) administered (8) deregulation
3. Paraphrase
(1) Although privacy and property are firmly established in the history of human development, they vary as the social criteria change.
(2) They two are based on experience and can be scientifically true. However, they may be proved wrong in some domains like social aspects.
(3) It seems fair for everyone that the law forbids the rich as well as the poor to sleep under bridges, whereas, the truth is that the rich don’t have to sleep under bridges so the law only places restrictions on the poor.
(4) Copyright sounds fair to both celebrities and obscurities, but it virtually separate celebrities from the other musicians because only celebrities and major distribution companies have the ability to defend their copyright by legal means. This reveals inequality under the cover of so called equality.
(5) Court officials who have made a solemn promise could explore the doubtful cases then specify those really guilty few and report to punish them according to laws.
(6) Information technology cannot provide convincing answers to such questions thus ending up being doubted by public, following nuclear power and genetic engineering.
(7) Internet based investigations might succeed, but they are usually less reliable than traditional randomly sampled polls.
4. Cloze
(1)sophisticated (2)protect (3)named (4)employed (5)other (6)private (7)only (8) public (9)possessed (10)periodically (11)forge (12)limit (13)approved (14)privileges (15)accountable (16)confidential (17)access (18)difficult (19)mixture (20)symbols
5. Translation
A. Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.
(1)这样一个多层机密系统的最佳构思是什么呢？是否会出现意外的后果？公众是否能接受？如果不能很好地回答这些问题，信息技术将会像核能源和基因工程一样被笼罩在大众的疑云之中。现在无处不在的电话销售已经让人们变得十分抵触通过电话进行的科学调查了。网络调查倒是大有前途，但是显然缺乏传统的随机抽样调查的可信度。另一个问题是，政府以安全为目的进行数据收集和整合，但是对其真实结果的研究在政府的安全机构内部是不可能公正的，因为要想获得科学的公正性，研究就必须公开进行。
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(2)根据卡内基·麦伦大学的研究，使用因特网可能会导致心理健康程度下降。两年的研究表明，上网次数多的人与较少的人相比，即使是一周仅上网几小时也会经常地感觉到沮丧和孤独。这不是说已经有不良感觉的人在网上花费了更多的时间，而是说使用因特网似乎确实诱发了人们的不良感觉。研究者推测说，实际情况是上网使网民减少了和家人及朋友共度的时光，这也许可以解释他们心理健康状况的下降原因。和面对面的交谈相比，这种见不着面、看不见人的“虚”的交流可能会使人从心理上缺乏满足感。人们通过这种交流结下的友谊也不会太深。还有一种可能是，网民通过因特网所了解到的广阔世界使他们对自己的生活不那么满意了。
B. Translate the following sentences into English.
(1) The news rendered us extremely excited that our contestant had won the championship in the contest.
(2) After every Spring Festival graduates travel around the country in the pursuit of job.
(3) How can you tell he has murdered his neighbor in the absence of any specific proof?
(4) Under the threat of terrorists’ attacks government has to sift through heaps of mails every day.
(5) The conference committes’ members are discussing whether the topic should fall under this session’s theme.
(6) When he was aware that his health was deteriorating, the once ambitious entrepreneur relinquished all control over the business to his son.
(7) The municipal government has determined to broaden all the roads within the city and is actively planning to build the underground system as well. All this aims at facilitating citizens’ transportation.
(8)When investigating a bank robbery resulting in two deaths, the police found a letter which implicated John in the robbery.
Unit 5 Escaping to Ireland for Christmas
2. Vocabulary
(1) contrariness (2) tangle (3) stamina (4) roam (5) subtlety (6) bustling (7) conspire (8) foray (9) tangible (10) savor
3. Paraphrase
(1) We prefer to travel at Christmas because we tend to avoid the crowds during traveling seasons.
(2) Our reason for having such different trips is from the harvest rather than the loss during the course
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(3) We have long and hard traveling experience, which gives us the creative ideas of making the special plans, the perseverance to go through difficulties, and the optimistic and humorous reaction to people’s lack of understanding.
(4) As our plans change the life style or make them to wear heavily, our children are not always obedient and willing to accept them.
(5) Our idea of Christmas is changed because of our revolution of the past life style and the pleasure of finding another culture.
(6) When we are traveling in another country, we are all foreigners, which makes us more united. And we are fascinated in finding the details of the new environment and are more easily to accept other’s opinion.
(7) The whole family acted together to cater for my special love for knitting wool, such as watching the sheep walking through, finding and visiting the discarded wool mill, focusing on the yarn store in every town and renaming colors for sweaters with our visited places for memory.
(8) After wearing the rubber rain boots and thick wool socks, we are not afraid of the coldness and humidity any more when we stamped through muddy fields.
(9) We can understand the Irish life from a special angle by viewing their local newspaper for the world’s events.
4. Cloze
(1) crowded (2) vacationers (3) stretch (4) tight (5) beginning (6) seem (7) cash (8) against (9) dreaded (10) possible (11) avoiding (12) popular (13) surprise (14) route (15) according to (16) same (17) difficult (18) ultimately (19) given (20) expect
5. Translation
A. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
如果我是一名游客的话，我会将我的出行计划定在四，五月或者十，十一月期间。要是在“旺季”去的话，你遭受冷雨寒风的机会会更大。而且很奇怪地，全国都会挤得一塌糊涂，收费还高得惊人。
我会开车或坐飞机到达杰克逊维尔，而且在一天之中较早的时间到达，这样我就不必在那过夜了。实际上，我会尽量避开城市，除非是为了转机。我还会尽量避开任何要我买门票去参观的地方。
我会在杰克逊维尔租辆车，借助能找到的最详细的国家地图，朝南走13号国道，顺着圣约翰河东岸而下。我会慢慢地开，寻找垂钓营地。我会租一艘带有突出甲板的小船在河上待上一两个小时，看看弗罗里达世界，解除旅行的压力。 B. Translate the following sentences into English.
(1) Success lies not so much as in luck as in hard work.
(2) Such difficulties for us to classify their national characteristics usually stem from the enormous variety of America and Americans.
(3) The minister has to fend off some awkward questions from reporters at the press conference.
(4) Once again, I was caught in the middle of circumstances. The fourth born of six
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children, it was not uncommon that I was either too young or too old for something. (5) The quality of life of the residents has been on the rise, with considerable improvement in food, clothing, housing, transport and daily necessities.”
(6) In spite of the tight budget, the government will still prop up the declining industries that are related to the national economy and people’s livelihood.
(7) In addition to providing venture capital, we offer an array of value-added services and in-depth support to entrepreneurs in China’s high-tech industries.
(8) If children are so well able to learn their mother tongue, it is precisely because they plunge themselves into the sea of language instead of reading a few textbooks only.
Unit 7 Adopters of Chinese also Adopt Culture
2. Vocabulary
(1) dietary (2) trigger (3) syndrome (4) subside (5) nary (6) alienate (7) hodge-podge (8) emigrate (9) feast (10) presumptuous
3. Paraphrase
(1) Long time ago in China, Moon Cakes which was made of sticky pastry and fruit stuffing was the traditional ornament of the Mid-autumn Day more than the food. (2) About 5,000 Chinese babies are adopted by American families every year. They are a new type -- Chinese-Americans, and are gradually getting used to the life in the U.S. like the kids of the family Callandars.
(3) Many adopters of Chinese babies are trying to enlarge the scale of their families with Chinese colonies. They are hiring Chinese colonies as baby sitters, piano teachers, and any other occupations in their families.
(4) Even the biggest city in Wisconsin, which is close to their hometown, does never organize a public celebration of Chinese New Year.
(5) But then, when South Korean babies who were adopted by American families matured, multiculturalism was popular at that time. The fact aroused a huge change in the field of intercountry adoption.
(6) Many South Korean adoptees thought absorbing American culture is particular important. They paid no attention to the South Korean culture at all. The phenomenon made them feel they did not belong in either American or South Korean cultures.
(7) In the midst of the people who took part in the Chinese New Year’s Banquet, there were three Chinese families. They took the chance of the only dragon dance which is performed with accompany of traditional Chinese musical instruments in the city.
(8) But along with more and more babies are adopted by American families, there
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must be a particular and simple form of address for the family in the future.
4. Cloze
(1)when (2)divorce (3)imported (4)Blame (5)Western (6)as (7)across (8)where (9)breeding (10)West (11)on (12)hasten (13)even if (14)in (15)break into (16)follow (17)struck (18)abandoned (19)not (20)but
5. Translation
A. Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese
(1) 马丁路德.金恩博士,在一九六三年的一篇有名的演讲《我有一个梦》当中表达了他的理想.其实这个根植于\美国梦\的理想,并不是个完全新潮的主意.从一开始,这个由移民所组成的国家,便欢迎渴望自由和新开始的人来到.但是,不同种族的到来亦带来了紧张的气氛.早期的美国人(除了印地安原住民之外)几乎全是来自欧洲的白人.当更多的移民抵达时,欧洲团体较容易适应这个社会,其它团体则较感困难.
(2) 黑人是唯一非出于自愿而到美国来的\移民\几百年以来,非洲人自其家园被迫带到新世界为奴.即使乔治.华盛顿和汤玛士.杰弗逊也曾蓄奴.那句\人类生而平等\的话,在他们的时代并不适用于黑人.一八六五年,南北战争的结束终于为黑奴带来自由,但是黑人的社会地位仍然较低.许多南方的州实行种族隔离政策以使\黑人不会跨越界限\黑人和白人上不同的学校,在不同的餐馆吃饭,甚至连喝水都用不同的饮水机.
B. Translate the following sentences into English.
(1) In spite of great difficulties, the police were determined to track down this criminal at any cost.
(2) The result that China has won the host right of 2008 Olympics was announced by president of International Olympics Committees to the accompaniment of loud cheering.
(3) When her work is put on and receives applause, she would feel that everything she has done is well worth it.
(4) With rapid development of Internet, individual blogs are in vogue throughout the world. If you prefer, you can set up your personal mini-website at any time. (5) The town boasts a world famous art gallery.
(6) Computer internet is rapidly developing, and the world information superhighway is already beginning to take shape.
(7) After the earthquake, cellphone signal was once off and on, which brought great inconvenience to our communication.
(8) Before the wild enthusiasm aroused by the goal subsided, the situation on playground changed dramatically.
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Unit 8 Dolly's False Legacy
2. Vocabulary
1) infertility 2) hypothetical 3) emerge 4) intrinsic 5) defects 6) specified 7) unscrupulous 8) justified
4. Cloze
1) verb 2) identical 3) themselves 4) splitting 5) genetically 6) clones 7) sexual 8) carries 9) which 10) offspring
11) either 12) organisms 13) differs 14) depending 15) take 16) of 17) place 18) from 19) divides 20) as
5. Translation
A. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. 为何首先要“复制”人呢？不能生育的夫妇可能选择复制他们自己之一而不接受捐献者的基因。我和妻子生有两个孩子，又领养了一个，但是假使克隆一个我自己来弥补不能生育的遗憾的话，那对我的婚姻意味着什么？这样的换位思考非常有益。我与妻子在高中相识。她将如何面对让她陷入爱河的那个年轻人的克隆？如果我们任何人发现和自己生活在一起，我们会做出什么反应？当然，那个被克隆的人——当前情况下，也就是我——将认为他理解他的复制品的行为，因而比起一般的父亲，他更可能强加一些愿望在孩子身上。但是，最重要的是，一个十多岁的孩子怎样能忍受这样的情形：看着我——一个日渐秃顶、衰老的人——明白这就是他将来的模样？
B. Translate the following sentences into English.
(1) In the event of rain, the rugby game long expected by fans will have to be postponed.
(2) People have doubts if the measure taken by the company is in the interests of majority of employees.
(3) In order to live up to parents’ expectations, he did the best to achieve his goal to become an excellent pianist.
(4) On what ground did you say that the official had taken bribes? If you couldn’t offer us any clues, it would be unlikely for us to make investigations.
(5) Terrorism is becoming rampant. However, we always believe that the cause of counterterrorism will for sure succeed one day, based on an alliance between nations and championed by people from all around the world.
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Unit 11 The Male Beauty Myth
2. Vocabulary
(1) invasive (2) vulnerability (3) pragmatic (4) traumatic (5) vibrant (6) stigma (7) preoccupation (8) masculinity (9) follicle (10) celebrity
3. Paraphrase
(1) Unlike women, men may not appear on makeover shows in a great number and they may not talk about it too much like women, but more and more men are going for cosmetic surgery.
(2) “Cosmetic procedures have a real psycho-social benefit which is sometimes ignored.”
(3) “Among all the biggest factors influencing the growth of cosmetic surgery in general, one is that people can read about it on the Web and this is particularly good to men, ”….
(4) “… A man who has divorced might date again, or compete for a job again, and if he looks as if he cares for himself, has spent money in making himself look nice, he will be thought more highly and that is connected with productivity and masculinity,”?.
(5) “People tell me that I need to have more other advantages. I can’t just rely on being a man anymore to get the job. ”
(6) Both men and women are as likely to get malformed in a way. Therefore, what occupies their mind is an imagined or exaggerated physical defect in appearance. But Dr. Tarshis said men more commonly focus their attention on their nose as a problem.
(7) “Nobody knows the reasons for this, but one has to be cautious if someone seems to be paid particular attention to.”
(8) “There was something disgraceful and it wasn’t given enough attention to and that can still happen today.... Cosmetic procedures are more about the state of being healthy, happy, or prosperous than being vain. In my opinion, ‘Vain’ is a vulgar word,”….
4. Cloze
(1) beauty (2) complications (3) reminder (4) relatively (5) death (6) pure (7) potential (8) increased (9) scarring (10) one-in- a-million (11) hiding (12) accident (13) risk (14) important (15) minimize (16) qualifications (17) emergencies (18) take (19) freedom (20) hairdressers
5. Translation
A. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
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看来，给人们带来好处的往往不是技术、智力或人品，而是一些气质和相貌。安娜·库尔尼科娃就是—个例子。她在女子网球的世界排名中列第37位，而且还从未获得过重要的单打冠军。那么，为什么库尔尼科娃从广告中获得的收入要比排名靠前的球员多几百万美元呢?
美貌不仅对妇女管用。纽约巨人橄榄球队的角后卫贾森?泽霍恩如此受人关注，难道仅仅因为他是一名顶级运动员吗? 《妇女体育画报》对他进行报道也只是因为上述那个原因吗?
你也许了解肯尼迪和尼克松之间那场著名的电视辩论的情况——收听收音机的人认为理查德·尼克松获得了胜利，而看电视的人则认为赢家是英俊潇洒的肯尼迪。
得克萨斯州参议员菲尔·格拉姆在1996年竞选共和党的总统提名时曾说过：“真正的问题是像我这样相貌不佳的人能否被选上。”几个月后，格拉姆就退出了竞选。
媒体连篇累牍地报道小肯尼迪的情况，仅仅因为他是总统的儿子吗?假如戴安娜王妃与玛格丽特公主一样相貌平平，我们还会这么关注她吗? B. Translate the following sentences into English.
(1) It is in the right of every nation to opt, in keeping with its national conditions and the will of its people, for a social system and road of development of its own choice. No one else has the right to interfere.
(2) We need to adopt a pragmatic approach to brave the challenges with unreserved determination.
(3) Due to the convenience of the Internet, companies can acquire and disseminate information through it and win a timely opportunity to update technology and tap new products and markets.
(4) In contrast, the education systems of today have a tendency to downplay the foundational subjects. Instead, they are geared towards pragmatism and a desire for quick returns.
(5) The government increases the pension in line with economic development, improvement in people’s living standards, and rise in workers’ salaries.
(6) All of a sudden, Miss Su began calling Fang Hung-chien Hung-chien instead of Mr. Fang, as though she wanted Chao Hsin-mei to know her intimacy with Fang.
(7) One of the most powerful corporate brands ever created, the golden arches resonate in the hearts and minds of people all over the world—even though different cultures attach different meanings to them.
(8) After resigning, Mr. Nixon continued to be concerned about Sino-American relations, and has made important contributions to the maintenance and development of the two countries’ relations.
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Unit 12 The Spirits of Cambridge
2. Vocabulary
(1) untangled (2) anguished (3) legacy (4) depicts (5) restored (6) intact (7) shudder (8) fervent (9) commemorates (10) retreat
3. Paraphrase
(1) However, Cambridge University, being on the edge of East England, is not a place that has ghosts; it is filled with the spirit of the real people who have lived there over the centuries.
(2) If a few more people are mentioned such as Bertrand Russell, Samuel Pepys, Emma Thompson and Ludwig Wittgenstein, you will soon realize that Cambridge has a rich and various campus life.
(3) If you like, you can take an open-bus tour or an official guided walk, but it’s also pretty good to have the trip on foot, so that you may have enough time to fully enjoy the atmosphere during your visit to the colleges, gardens, the chapels and the pubs. (4) The work is very modern and pioneering, whereas the place of this work is very old—as we know, the late Saxon tower of St Bene’t’s Church can be dated back to the year 1025, and the whole church is the oldest building in Cambridge shire. It is very strange, but seems to be appropriate for Cambridge.
(5) Another connection between Cambridge and American is the chapel at Emmanuel College, where John Harvard, an ex-student of Cambridge and the founder of Harvard University is painted on a mosaic glass window.
(6) However, over the same 300 years, the fate of Oliver Cromwell’s head is not so well protected as the stained glass East Window of Peterhouse Chapel.
(7) People will feel horrible at the head of Cromwell, but it has passed on through different people until 1960, exactly 300 years later. His head was then secretly buried somewhere in Sidney Sussex College, on Sidney Street, where Oliver Cromwell had ever studied there.
(8) After hearing such a terrible story, you may want to comfort yourself by going to a peaceful college garden, such as Christ’s College at the opposite end of Sidney Street.
4. Cloze
(1) institution (2) taken (3) migrated (4) versus (5) will (6) favor (7) established
(8) continued (9) double-helix (10) molecular (11) naturalist (12) economist (13) rich (14) magnificent (15) chapels (16) combination (17) volumes (18) entitled (19) papers (20) collection
5. Translation
A. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
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剑桥大学是具有700多年历史的世界著名学府，曾培养出牛顿、培根、弥尔顿、拜伦、达尔文等对人类进步事业做出杰出贡献的伟大科学家、思想家和诗人。今天，剑桥大学作为获得诺贝尔奖学者最多的大学，在世界高等学府中依然居于显要的地位。100年来，许多中国学者不远万里到剑桥求学访问。今天，中国学术界和剑桥大学继续保持着良好的交流与合作。这对加强中英人民的文化交流和友谊，推进科技和思想进步产生了积极的作用和影响。 B. Translate the following sentences into English.
(1) Her anguish at the unexpected death of her only child was so great that she did not have a wink of sleep for a week.
(2) By the influence of the ancient Olympic Games, modern Olympic Games inherits the ancient outstanding legacy in name, holding period, certain rites and thoughts, but it has essential difference from the ancient.
(3) The scientists are exploring the technologies required to perform environmental restoration and waste management in a cost-effective manner.
(4) Some depict story-book characters, others suggest the sponsor's hallmark, and some represent abstract ideas.
(5) Rapidly shaking off its traditional backwardness and quickening its steps toward modernization are the natural requirements for the progress and development of the society and the fervent wish of all the ethnic groups.
(6) Excitable and turbulent in trifling matters, when actual bodily danger threatened he was an abnormal quiet.
(7) I'm still afraid that in case of damage or pilferage, the insurance company might refuse indemnification on the grounds of improper packing.
(8) Though the article sounds like a piece of humorous science fiction, it is intended to bring home to the public the serious problem of environmental pollution on the earth.
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