《机械工程专业英语》测验题(18-22)

一、 将下列词组译成汉语 1. the base circle（基圆）

2. the pitch curve（啮合曲线） 3. the contact force（接触力）

4. the intermittent motion（间歇运动） 5. the common normal（公法线） 6. the conjugate profiles（共轭齿廓） 7. the cycloidal profiles （摆线齿形） 8. the involute profiles（渐开线齿形） 9. the spur gear（直齿轮）

10. the herringbone gears（双螺旋齿轮） 11. the face gear（端面齿轮）

12. the radial distance（径向距离） 13. the addendum circle（齿顶圆） 14. The tooth thickness（齿厚） 15. the tooth space（齿间隙） 16. the cap screws（螺钉）

17. the setscrews（固定螺丝钉）

18. the engineering graphics（工程力学） 19. mechanical design（机械设计）

20. the installation techniques（安装技术） 21. the bolted joint（螺栓连接）

22. the hardened washers（强化垫圈） 23. the fatigue resistance（抗疲劳强度） 24. the modulus of elasticity（弹性模量） 25. the antifriction bearing（减摩轴承） 26. the rolling bearing（滚动轴承） 27. the rolling contact （滚动接触） 28. the sliding contact（滑动触电）

29. the corrosion resistance（抗腐蚀性） 30. the machining tolerances（加工公差） 31. the fatigue loading（疲劳载荷） 32. the radial loads（径向负荷） 33. the thrust loads逆负荷 34. the ball bearing球轴承 35. the roller bearing滚子轴承

36. the single-row bearings单沟轴承 37. the double-row bearing双沟轴承 38. the needle bearing滚针轴承 39. the bearing life轴承寿命 40. The rating life额定寿命 41. the axis of rotation旋转轴 42. The helix angle螺旋角 43. a right-hand helix 右旋 44. a left-hand helix左旋

45. an involute helicoids螺旋面 46. an involute curve渐开线

47. the shaft centerlines轴中心线 48. worm gear蜗轮

49. the hypoid gear准双曲面齿轮 50. right angle直角

51. worm gearing蜗杆传动 52. the lead angle导角 53. shaft angle轴线角度 54. bending load弯曲载荷 55. tension load张力负荷

56. compression load压缩负载 57. torsional load扭转负荷 58. the bending moment弯矩 59. the bending stress弯曲应力 60. the shot peening喷丸法 61. the actuating force工作力

62. the coefficient of friction摩擦系数 63. An electromagnetic coil电磁线圈 64. the magnetic circuit磁路 二、 将下列短语译成汉语

1. disk or plate translating (two-dimensional or planar) 盘形传动凸轮（两维的，即平面的） 2. cylindrical (three-dimensional or spatial) cams圆柱形凸轮（三维的，即空间的）机构 3. a radial (in-line) translating roller follower一个对心直动滚子从动件 4. a constant angular velocity ratio旋转角速度的比例 5. a constant torque ratio一个恒转矩比

6. Nonlinear angular velocity ratios非线性角速度比率 7. the parallel helical gear平行斜齿轮 8. the crossed helical gear交叉斜齿轮 9. the straight bevel gear直锥齿轮 10. the spiral bevel gear弧齿锥齿轮

11. the skew bevel gear大角度斜交锥齿轮 12. the hexagon head screws六角头螺钉 13. the fillister head screws槽头螺钉 14. the flat head screws 平头螺钉

15. the hexagon socket head screws内六角沉头螺钉。 16. the external tensile load外部拉伸载荷 17. the external shear load外部剪切负荷

18. The single-row deep-groove bearing单列深沟轴承 19. The angular-contact bearing角接触轴承 20. the self-aligning bearings自动调心轴承 21. the straight roller bearings直滚子轴承

22. the spherical-roller thrust bearing球形辊止推轴承 23. the tapered roller bearings圆锥滚子轴承

24. the condition of statical equilibrium浅析条件下平衡 25. the positive-contact clutches强制接触离合器

26. the overload-release clutches超载释放保护离合器 27. the overrunning clutches超越离合器

28. the magnetic fluid clutches磁流变离合器 三、 将下列单词译成汉语 1. cam凸轮

2. camshaft凸轮轴 3. accuracy精度

4. dependability可靠性 5. pulley滑轮 6. flywheel飞轮 7. crank曲柄 8. sprocket链轮 9. axle心轴 10. spindle主轴 11. clutche离合器 12. brake制动 四．翻译下列句子

1．Although a cam and follower may be designed for motion, path, or function generation, the majority of applications utilize the cam and follower for function generation.

虽然可以把凸轮和它的从动件设计为用于运动变换，路径变换或者函数变换，但大多数用途是利用凸轮和它的从动件做函数变换。

2. In the case of a disk cam with a radial (in-line) translating roller follower the smallest circle that can be drawn tangent to the cam surface and concentric with the camshaft is the base circle. 对于一个对心直动滚子从动件盘形凸轮，可画出的与凸轮表面相切且与轮轴同心的最小圆是基圆

译文 P40 [1]

3. Numerous applications in automatic machinery require intermittent motion. A typical example will call for a rise-dwell-return and perhaps another dwell period of a specified number of degrees each, together with a required follower displacement measured in centimeters or degrees.

在自动化机械中的许多应用需要间歇运动。一个典型的例子将要求一个含有上升一停歇一返回和可能另一个停歇的周期，每阶段经过一个指定的角度，伴随着一个所要求的从动件的位移，这个位移以厘米或度来度量。

译文 P40 [2]

4．Any two mating tooth profiles that satisfy the fundamental law of gearing are called conjugate profiles.

任何满足齿轮传动基本定律的一对相互啮合齿廓称之为共轭齿廓。

5. Although there are many tooth shapes possible in which a mating tooth could be designed to satisfy the fundamental law, only two are in general use: the cycloidal and involute profiles.

虽然可以设计出有很多齿廓来满足传动装置的基本定律，但通常所使用的只有两种：即摆线齿廓和渐开线齿廓。

6. Typical methods of fastening and joining parts include the use of such items as bolts, nuts, cap screws, setscrews, rivets, locking devices and keys.

紧固和联结零部件的典型方法包含使用这些零件：螺栓，螺母，有头螺钉、定位螺钉，铆钉，锁紧装置和键。

7. Methods of joining parts are extremely important in the engineering of a quality design, and it is necessary to have a thorough understanding of the performance of fasteners and joints under all conditions of use and design.

在质量设计工程中，联结零部件的方法非常重要，因此，彻底了解紧固零件和联结零件在所有使用和设计条件下的性能是非常必要的。

8. When a connection is desired which can be disassembled without destructing the parts assembled and which is strong enough to resist both external tensile load and shear load, or a combination of these, then the simple bolted joint using hardened washers is a good solution.

当想要一个可以被拆开又不破坏被联接零件的联接时，而且这个联接又要有足够的强度以承受外拉力和剪力或这两种力的结合，使用淬火垫圈的简单螺栓联结是一个很好的方法。

译文 P43 [2]

9. The problem of the specialist in mechanical design is not how to design a rolling bearing but, rather, how to select one.

在机械设计中，专家所面临的问题，不是如何设计轴承，而是如何挑选轴承。

10. The term antifriction bearing is used to describe that class of bearing in which the main load is transferred through elements in rolling contact rather than in sliding contact.

减摩轴承这个词被用于描述这样一类轴承，其主要载荷是通过滚动接触而不是滑动接触的元件传递的．

11. It is this gradual engagement of the teeth and the smooth transfer of load from one tooth to another, which give helical gears the ability to transmit heavy loads at high speeds．

正是螺旋齿轮，从一个齿到另一个齿的逐渐啮合和载荷的平稳传递，给了螺旋齿轮在高速下传递重载荷的能力．

12. A shaft is a rotating or stationary member, usually of circular cross section, having mounted upon it such elements as gears, pulleys, flywheels, cranks, sprockets, and other power-transmission elements. 轴是一个固定或转动的零件，通常是圆截面的，在它上面安装了如齿轮，带轮，飞轮，曲柄，链轮等零件和其他动力传递零件．

13. Roughing, for which the metal removal rate, and consequently the cutting force, is high, but the required dimensional accuracy relatively low.

粗加工，通常金属切削率和切削力高，但所要求的尺寸精度相对低。

14. Machines using basically the single-point cutting tools include: (1) engine lathes, (2) turret lathes, (3) tracing and duplicating lathes, (4) single-spindle automatic lathes, (5) multi-spindle automatic lathes, (6) shapers and planers, (7) boring machines.

使用单刃切削刀具的机床主要包括：(1)普通车床，(2)六角车床，(3)仿形车床，(4)单轴自动车床，(5)多轴自动车床，(6)牛头刨床和龙门刨床, (7)镗床。

15. Upright drilling machines or drill presses are available in a variety of sizes and types, and are equipped with a sufficient range of spindle speeds and automatic feeds to fit the needs of most industries. 立式钻床或钻孔压力机，具有各种各样的尺寸和类型，为了适合大多数工业的需求，这些机床都装配有充足的轴速范围和自动进给量。

16. Chemical milling is controlled etching process using strong alkaline or acid etchants. Aluminum, titanium, magnesium, and steel are the principal metals processed by this method.

化学蚀刻，通过使用强碱或强酸蚀刻剂来控制蚀刻过程，铝，钛，镁和钢是用这种方法处理的主要金属。

17. Antifriction bearings are used in a great variety of products, toys, household products, refrigerators, roller stakes, garage doors, trucks, industrial machinery, dental equipments and guided missiles, for example.

减摩轴承使用在各种各样的产品中，例如：玩具，家用产品，电冰箱，轧辊座，汽车门，卡车，工业机械，牙医设备和导弹等等。

18. The important difference between the two is that area contact exists between the teeth of double-enveloping gears while only line contact between those of single-enveloping gears.