?Attention?：

如果所表示的动作现在正在发生，或是与谓语所表示的动作同时发生，可以用现在分

词的被动形式来表示，如：

? The meeting being held is very important.

? We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.(discuss)

?Attention?：

如果所表示的是一个未来的动作，可以用一个不定式的被动形式来表示，如： ? The meeting to be held next week is very important.

★小试身手★

1) Please tell me the subjects to be discussed at the next meeting. (discuss) 2) Please tell me the subjects discussed last week. (discuss)

3) Do you know the meeting being discussed now is held by Peter? (discuss)

2. 现在分词作状语

现在分词表示主动进行，过去分词表示被动完成。 a.

现在分词作伴随状语，表示陪衬性的动作或伴随情况，如：

? The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily. ? They stood there for an hour watching the game.

?Attention?：

a. 分词表示的必须是主语的一个动作；

b. 分词表示的动作和谓语表示的动作（或状态）是同时发生的； c. 分词表示的是比较次要的动作，对谓语表示的动作或状态加以说明； d. 大部分放在谓语之后；

e. 分词有时可以与句子的其他部分用逗号隔开。 b.

现在分词作原因状语，表示原因或理由，如：

? Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note. ? Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.

试试可不可以变成状语从句呢：

1) Because she saw nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note. 2) Because we didn’t know her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.

?Attention?

如果分词表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，则要用完成形式，如： ? ? c. ? ?

现在分词作时间状语（相当于 when 引导的从句），如： Turning around, she saw a police car driving up. Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.

Having worked among the peasants for many years, he knew them very well. Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter.

试试可不可以变成状语从句呢：

1) When she turned around ,she saw a police car driving up. 2) When they heard the news, they all jumped with joy.

?Attention?：

这里分词表示的是一个极短暂的动作，这动作一发生，谓语动词所表示的动作立即发

生。这类分词一般放在句首。如果两个动作是完全同时发生的，多用 when 或 while

+ 分词这种结构，如：

? Be careful when crossing the street. ? Don’t mention this while talking to him. d.

现在分词作状语还可以表示结果、条件和让步，如：

(________) (________)

? Working hard, you will succeed.

? Weighing almost one hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone.

试试可不可以变成状语从句呢： 1) If you work hard, you will succeed. 2) Although the stone weighs almost one hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone. e.

现在分词的完成形式和被动形式

分词的完成形式主要用在状语中，表示动作在谓语动作之前发生，如： ? Having been there many times, he offered to be our guide.

? Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip away?

3. 过去分词作状语

1) 过去分词短语作状语，可以修饰谓语，说明动作发生的背景或情况，如： ? Built in 1192, the bridge is over 700 years old. ? The trainer appeared, followed by six little dogs.

2) 过去分词短语表示原因（相当于一个原因状语从句），如： ? He soon fell asleep, exhausted by the journey.

试试可不可以变成状语从句呢：

1) He soon fell asleep as/because he was exhausted by the journey.

3) 过去分词短语有时可以表示时间（相当于时间状语从句）和条件（相当于条件状语从句），如： ? ?

试试可不可以变成状语从句呢：

1) If we are united ,we stand; If we are divided, we fall. 2) When/If the park is seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.

?Attention?：

过去分词短语作状语时，前面有时可以加上when, if, while, though, as if 等连词，这种 结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句（省略部分多为 “主语 + be 的多种形式”）。需

要注意的是，省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同，如： United, we stand; divided, we fall.

Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.

? If / When heated, water changes into steam.

? The girl is very shy, and never speaks until spoken to.