非谓语动词 Non-Finite Verb

I 非谓语的三种形式

类别结构

含义 例句 1) boiling water 正在沸腾的水 doing 主动，进行 2) Do you know the girl standing over there? 你认识站在那里的那个女孩吗？ 1) The houses being built now are for the teachers.现在正在建的那些房子是为老师而建的。 1) Having waited for an hour, he left.等了一个小时后，他离开了。 2) Not having received a reply, he wrote another letter.没收到回复，他又写了一封信 1) Having been told many times, he still made the same mistake. 虽然被告诉过好多次了，他仍然犯同样的错误。 1) The story told by Tom is very interesting.汤姆讲得故事非常有趣。 过去分词 done 被动，完成 2) The houses built last year are very big.去年建的那些房子很大。 被动，进行 being done （正在被做） 现在分词 主动，完成 （否定） (not) having done having been done 被动，完成 表所处的状态或特征 1) Devoted to helping others, he is respected.他致力于帮助别人而受到尊重。 2) Interested in the book, he wants to buy it.他对这本书感兴趣想买下来。 1) I have much work to do.我有很多工作要做。 1) The houses to be built next month are very big.下个月将要被建的那些房子很大。 1) He’s said to have invented the telephone.据说他发明了电话。 2) He is said to have been punished by his leader.据说他已经受到了他领导的惩罚。 to do 将来，主动 to be done 将来，被动 不定式 完成，主动 使用条件： to have done 1) 看结构是否需要； 2) 看是否表达过去或完成之意

II 本章要点

1. 非谓语之不定式的用法。 2. 非谓语之动名词的用法。 3. 非谓语之现在分词的用法。 4. 非谓语之过去分词的用法。 5. 非谓语的时态语态。 6. 非谓语做宾语的用法。

I 非谓语语法点分述

一、不定式 to do 1. 不定式结构作主语 ? To see is to believe.

? It is better to see something once than to hear about it a hundred times.

a. 在很多情况下，特别是在口语中，常采用先行it代替主语，而把不定式后置： ? It’s a great pleasure to be here.

? It is not an easy thing to master a language.

★区分用法★ 1) 2) ?

直接用不定式做主语的句子显得更加正式。 如主语和表语都是to do，则只能采用第一种形式。 对敌人仁慈就是对人民残忍。

3) ? ?

b. 用It is+形容词作表语时，由于逻辑主语不同导致的for和of的区别。

(1) for sb.句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如：

difficult, interesting, easy, impossible等。. 如是疑问句或感叹句，则只能采用第二种形式。 What is it like to be there?

What a joy it was to read Barak’s book!

(2) of sb.句型中的形容词一般为表示性格、品德、心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容

★小试身手★

1) To be fond of dancing was a certain step towards falling in love.

2) 对他来说，学两门外语是很困难的。

3) 你能这么说很有礼貌。

★真题试炼★

1) It’s important _____ the piano well.

A. of him to play

B. for him to play C. of him playing

D. for him playing

词，如：good, kind, nice, clever, foolish等。

2) It’s wrong _____ her like that.

A. of you to treat

2. 不定式结构作表语

主语和表语都是不定式（其含义往往一是条件，一是结果），如： ? To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. ? To do that would be to cut the foot to fit the shoe.

B. for you to treat C. of you treating

D. for you treating