完美 WORD 格式

为使结构平行和表达简洁，可译作a lack of workplace injury

compensation, health care and schooling for their children.

China's migrant workers are farmers from the countryside looking for jobs in the cities. They power the country’s fast growing economy by working in construction sites, factories,

restaurants and home services industry. There were reportedly 167 million migrant workers in China last year. The huge group often faces various problems such as pay arrears and a lack of workplace injury compensation, health care and schooling for their children. In recent years, the Chinese government has been Improving migrant workers' rights.

第七篇 铁路发展

中国的铁路建设始于清朝(the Qing Dynasty)末年。自新中国成立后，中国的铁路得到了飞速发展。目前中国拥有仅次于美国和俄罗斯的全球第三大铁路网。在中国，铁路是国家重要的基翅设施(infrastructure)、大众化的交通工具。每逢寒暑假、节假日，总会出现“一票难求”的现象。据报道，中国将优先发展西部地区，特别是贫困地区的铁路，引导当地人民走向致富之路。

第2句“中国的铁路得到了飞速发展”如果直译为 Chinese railway has developed rapidly则显平淡，此处可用see表示“（时代等）以…为特点，历经……”的意义，将其译为Chinese railway seen rapiddevelopment，这样译文更生动地道。

2.第3句中的定语“仅次于美国和俄罗斯的”较长，故将其处理成后置定语，表达为only second to the UnitedStates and Russia.

3.第5句“总会出现‘一票难求’的现象”是汉语中的无主语句，其常见的处理方式有：增添主语；译为被动语态；译成there be结抅；使用形式主语it。结合该句，可使用形式主语it，译成it is difficult to get a trainticket；或并充出主语译为Chinese travelers find it difficult to...,“一票难求”可用 find it difficult to dosth.句型来表达。 4.最后一句中的“优先发展……”和“引导当地人民走向致富之路”在原文中是并列结构，但实际上后者表目的，故将其译作目的状语to lead to wealth for local people,“引导走向致富之路”用短语lead to wealth 比直译为lead people to the path of wealth 更简洁地道。

Railway construction in China began in the late Qing Dynasty. Chinese railway has seen rapid development since the founding of New China. Currently, China has the world's third largest railway network only second to the United State and Russia. Railway is an important infrastructure of the country and a popular traffic tool. During the summer and winter

vacations, and national holidays, Chinese travelers always find it difficult to get a train ticket. It is reported that China will prioritize /give priority to railway development in western regions, particular the poor areas, to lead to wealth for local people.

第八篇 中国式婚礼

中国传统婚礼反映着中国的哲学思想。婚礼上总是用红色的东西来表达祝福和尊重。这是因为中国人将红色看作是幸福、成功和好运的象征。婚姻不仅是一对新人的结合，也象征着两个家庭的结合。邀请亲朋好友来参加婚礼体现着人与人之间的关系和礼节(formality)。婚礼上奏乐的声音通常很响，响到足以让自然“听到”，同时也证明婚姻的重要性。

1.翻译第2句“婚礼上总是用红色的东西......”时，为符合英语表达习惯，应“增译”出动作执行者，表达为people always fill... with red things。“来表达祝福和尊重”表目的，故将其译作目的状语to expressblessings and respects。

专业 知识 分享

完美 WORD 格式

2.仔细分析可发现,第3句“这是因为中国人将红色看作是幸福、成功和好运的象征”中的“这”指代前面—句的论述,故可以将此句和前一句合译，用表原因的连词for引出状语从句for they...。“红色”在翻译时要增译thecolor才符合英语“形合”的特点。定语“幸福、成功和好运的”较长，故将其处理成后置定语，用of引出，表达为of haziness, success, and good luck。

3.第5句中的主语“邀请亲朋好友来参加婚礼”可用分词短语

Invitingrelatives and Mends to the wedding 来表达。主谓人称和数相一致的原则，此处主语是指一件事情，故谓语用第三人称单数形式。 4.最后一句“声音通常很响，响到足以......”，如果逐字对译为

the sound is always loud, and loud enoughto...译文显晦涩，按英语避免重复的表达习惯，“省译”一个loud。

Traditional Chinese weddings reflect Chinese philosophy. People always fill their weddings with

red things to express blessings and respects, for they regard the color red as the symbol of

happiness, success, and good luck A marriage is not only a combination of the couple but also

the symbol of the unity of two families. Inviting relatives and friends to the wedding symbolizes

the relationships and the formality between people. The sound of musical instruments in the

wedding usually loud enough to make nature know and to demonstrate the importance of the marriage.

第九篇 胡同

胡同(Hutong)是北京的一大特色，有着与北京城一样久远的历史。最早的胡同出现在元朝(the YuanDynasty)，如今大部分胡同是在明清时代(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)形成的。据专家考证，“胡同”一词源 干蒙古语(Mongolian)的“井”。自古以来胡同都是北京城里普通市民生息的场所，可以说是北京平民文化的代表。但随着人口的增加，很多古老的胡同已经消失，取而代之的是现代化的却没有特色的高楼大厦。

1.第1句中的“有着与北京城一样久远的历史”用介词短语

witha history as long as that of Bering city 来表达，以插入语形式置于主语之后，这样整个句子的中心更突出。

2.第2句“最早的胡同出现在……”翻译时转换成“胡同最早出现

在……”(Hutong first appeared..)更符合英语的表达习惯。“胡同是在明、清时代形成的”虽然形式上是主动的，但意义上却表被动，故翻译时转换成被动讲态，译作 Hutongs were formed during the Ming and Qing Dynasties。

专业 知识 分享

完美 WORD 格式

3.第4句“自古以来胡同都是......”用完成时态Hutong has always been...与since ancient times搭配，很好地表达了这种状态的延续性。

4.最后一句中的“取而代之的是现代化的却没有特色的高楼大厦”如果逐字对译为and are replaced by themodern but not characterized high-rise buildings则显生硬，不如选用意为“给......让出地方”的短语tomake way for来作前一个分句的目的状语，这样译文更生动流畅。

Hutong, with a history as long as that of Beijing city, is a major feature of Beijing. Hutong first appeared during the Yuan Dynasty, and most of today's Hutongs were formed during the Mingand Qing Dynasties. According to experts, the word \meaning \times and it's said to be a representative of Beijing civilian culture. However, with the increase of the population, many old Hutongs have disappeared to make way for modem but not characterized high-rise buildings. 风水

风水(Fengshui)是一门使人与环境达到和谐的艺术，是中国哲学在环境上的反映。人们相信自然环境影响人的命运。他们期望通过调整建筑的设计与布局，达到人与环境和谐，并使人得益于环境。风水也有迷信（superstition）的一面。如今风水在中国城市的年轻人中已不太时兴，但在中国的农村、香港、台湾地区以及新加坡和马来西亚，风水仍然流行。

1.第1句含有两个分句，翻译时可把前一个分句“是……艺术”看作“风水”的同位语译出，后一个分句作为句子的主干。定语“一门使人与环境达到和谐的”和“中国哲学在环境上的”都较长，可采用“n + of +... ”的所有格形式，表所属。

2.第3句分句较多，信息较零散，但仔细分析可发现达到人与环境和谐，并使人得益于环境”是目的，而“通过调整建筑的设计与摆设”是方式，故翻译本句时宜改变句子的语序，把表示目的内容作为句子的主干,而“通过调整”则译成through引导的方式状语置后。 3.第4句“风水也有迷信的一面”，可译成“be of + n.”的结构，强调“具有......特性”。 4.在最后一句中，地点状语“在……马来西亚”很长，故翻译时将其置于句末，避免句子头重脚轻，也更符合英语的表达习惯。

Fengshui, an art of harmonizing people with their environment, is the reflection of Chinese philosophy in environment. People believe that the natural environment affects people's fortunes. They expect to achieve harmony with the environment, and benefit from it

through adjusting the design and layout of their houses. Fengshui is also of superstition on its side. Nowadays it is not much popular with young Chinese in the cities, but it is still welcomed in Chinese rural areas, Hong Kong and Taiwan as well as countries like Singapore and Malaysia.

第十一篇 道教

道教(Taoism)是中国土生土长的宗教，已经影响了中国人两千多年。道教有三个起源，最古老的是“黄帝”（Yellow Emperor）传说。第二个来源是庄子的作品。但最著名的是老子的《道德经》。道家强调自由、自然、修身养性(self-cultivation)，甚至追求永生(immortality)。道教对中国文化的许多领域都产生了深刻而持久的影响，包括艺术、哲学、医学和美食，并在东亚地区广泛流传。

1.第1句有两个分句，其主语都是“道教”译时可选用其中一个分句作为句子的主句，另一分句处理成状语或定语从句。译文把后半句“已经影响......”处理成定语从句，修饰

专业 知识 分享

完美 WORD 格式

religion，使句子结构紧凑连贯，Taoism a...religion that has shaped...。“影响了中国人”译为 shape Chinese life 比直译为 affect Chinese 要准确贴切。

2.第2句的主干是“道教有三个起源”,后半句“最古老的是……”意思独立，可用介词with加独立主格结构表伴随状态，译作

with the oldest being the legend of “Yellow Emperor”，表达简洁流畅，符合英文的行文特点。

3.第3、4句均较短，且意思联系紧密，都是讲述道教的起源，故合译成一句，用表对比的while连接。

4.翻译中遇到的人名和作品的名称均可以用汉语拼音译出，如老子译成Laozi,《道徳经》译成Dao De Jing。

5.最后一句的主干为“道教……产生……影响，……并在……广泛流传”,可译成and连接的并列句。但因前半句较长而后半句较短，句子结构不平衡，宜将后半句拆译处理，另起一句，译作It has also spread widely...状语“对中国文化的许多领域”表达为

in many fields of Chinese culture；“包括艺术、哲学......”是对“许多领域”的补充说明，用分词短语including the arts, philosophy...来表达。

Taoism is a Chinese native religion that has shaped Chinese life for more than 2,000 years.

There are three sources of Taoism's origin, with the oldest being the legend of \Emperor\i's DaoDe Jing. Taoism emphasizes freedom, nature, self-cultivation and even pursues immortality.

Taoism has had a deep and lasting influence in many fields of Chinese culture, including the

arts, philosophy, medicine, and cuisine. It has also spread widely throughout East Asia.

很明显，按照作业成本法下模型所核算出的菜品成本与传统成本法核算出的菜品成本不同。根据模型所核算出的菜品成本包括了根据资源动因、作业动因分配而来的职工薪酬、广告宣传费、维护折旧费、能源通讯费、清洁保管费等间接费用，而传统成本法核算出的菜品成本仅包括了模型中所提到的直接成本费用。

专业 知识 分享