causation between the tortious act and the injury. Under the doctrine of no-fault liability, the wrongdoer shall be liable if his act is what is prescribed by the law and there is injury incurred regardless of the wrongdoer’s fault.
5． If the defect of a product causes personal injury or damage to other's property, the injured or damaged person may claim compensation from the producer of the product or may also claim compensation from the seller of the product. If the compensation lies to the liability of the producer of the product but the seller of the product has made the compensation, the seller of the product has the right to seek the compensation from the producer of the product. If it lies to the liability of the seller of the product but the producer of the product has made the compensation, the producer of the product has the right to seek the compensation from the seller of the product.
Unit Seven Contract Law
Listening
I. 1.F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5.T
II. .promise consideration offer acceptance written express
oral conduct implied enforced
Text A
Build up your vocabulary
I.Match the items in the following two columns.
1-b 2-j 3-c 4-h 5-g 6-a 7-f 8-d 9-k 10-e
II.Filling the blanks
1.Expectation damages 2.specific performance 3.counteroffer 4.revocation 5.restitution 6. misrepresentation 7.Mutual assent 8. rejection 9. minors 10.impossibility
Cloze
consideration offer meeting of the minds promise unilateral contract performance bilateral contract oral contract counteroffers option
Translation
1． 如果商人在签名的书面函件中提出购买或出售货物的要约，且函件保证该要约将保持有
效，则即使无对价，在要约规定的有效时间内，或如果未规定时间，在合理时间内，要约不可撤销。在任何情况下，此种要约不可撤销的时间都不超过３个月。而且，如果此种保证条款载于受要约人所提供的表格上，则该条款必须由要约人另加签名。
2． 如果法院在法律上发现合同或合同的任何条款在制定时显失公平，法院可以拒绝强制执
行，或仅执行显失公平部分之外的其它条款，或限制显失公平条款的适用以避免显失公平的后果。
3． 受要约人用信函或电报发出的拒绝要约或反要约，在要约人收到时方可终止承诺权，但
仍可对受约人的承诺权形成限制，因此受要约人在发出否则有效的拒绝要约或反要约之后发出的承诺信函或电报只能作为反要约，除非要约人在收到拒绝要约或反要约之前收
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到该承诺。
4． 允诺人在作出允诺时应该合理预见其允诺可能导致受允诺人或第三方作为或不作为，且
该允诺确实导致了该作为或不作为的，若只有通过法律强制履行其诺言方能避免不公正，则该允诺具有约束力，但救济只限于公正所需。
Text B
Checking your understanding
1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. T 6. T 7.T 8.F 9. T 10. F
Build up your vocabulary
I. Give the corresponding translation of each of the following terms. Adhesion contract – 附意合同；格式合同 sufficiency of consideration – 对价的充分性 adequacy of consideration – 对价的适当性 undue influence – 不正当影响 illusory promises – 虚假允诺 past consideration – 过去的对价
detrimental reliance – 不利益的信赖；致人损害的信赖 promisor – 允诺人
unconscionable – 显失公平的 rescission – 解除（合同）；撤销（合同） injunction – 禁止令
II. Put the following terms into Chinese
express contract 明示合同 liquidated damages 约定违约金 implied contract 默示合同unjust enrichment 不当得利
executory contract 待履行的合同 reliance damages 基于信赖利益的损害赔偿金 executed contract 已履行的合同 quantum meriut 合理金额 void contract 无效合同 substantial performance 实质履行
voidable contract 可撤销的合同material breach 重大违约；实质性违约
unenforceable contract 不可强制执行的合同nominal consideration 名义对价；象征性对价 anticipatory repudiation 预期违约 constructive condition 推定条件
Translation
1. The terms of the acceptance shall be identical to those of the offer. A purported acceptance
dispatched by the offeree which materially alters the terms of the offer constitutes a new offer. A change in the subject matter, quantity, quality, price or remuneration, time, place and method of performance, liabilities for breach of contract or method of dispute resolution is a material change to the terms of the offer.
2. The parties may prescribe that effectiveness of a contract be subject to certain conditions. A
contract subject to a condition precedent becomes effective once such condition is satisfied. A contract subject to a condition subsequent is extinguished once such condition is satisfied. Where in order to further its own interests, a party improperly impaired the satisfaction of a condition, the condition is deemed to have been satisfied; where a party improperly facilitated
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the satisfaction of a condition, the condition is deemed not to have been satisfied.
3. The parties shall fully perform their respective obligations in accordance with their contract.
The parties shall abide by the principle of good faith, and perform obligations such as notification, assistance, and confidentiality, etc. in light of the nature and purpose of the contract and in accordance with the relevant usage.
4. Where a party breached the contract, the other party shall take the appropriate measures to
prevent further loss; where the other party sustained further loss due to its failure to take the appropriate measures, it may not claim damages for such further loss. Any reasonable expense incurred by the other party in preventing further loss shall be borne by the breaching party.
Unit Eight Property Law
Listening
I. Listen to the passage, and then answer the questions according to what you hear on the tape. 1. Both tangible and intangible things.
2. Copyright and financial instruments such as stocks, bonds and mutual fund shares. 2. Relationships among people with respect to valuable resources. 3. A bundle of rights. 4. A bundle of sticks.
5. Liberty to use, right to exclude, power to transfer, immunity from damage. 6. The right to exclude.
II. Spot dictation.
center trespass property invasion exclude unreasonable nuisances things allocation qualifies
Text A
Build up your vocabulary
I. Match the items in the following two columns.
1-f 2-e 3-d 4-g 5-g 6-c 7-i 8-b 9-j 10-k
II. Fill in the blanks
1.fee simple 2.Real property 3. life estate 4. Tenancy by the entirety 5. joint tenancy 6. right of survivorship 7. tenancy in common 8. Personal property 9. lateral support 10. subjacent support
Cloze
nuisance easements run with the land servitudes life estate air rights condominium joint ownership future interest land use Zoning
Translation
1．共有就是由两人或更多的人平等享有的财产权益，该共有权可以是由单独一份遗嘱或转
让产生，并且在该遗嘱或转让契约中明确表明该财产为共有；或由独一所有人转让给他自己与他人共有；或是普通共有人或共同占有人转让给自己或其中一部分共有人共有，
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或全体共有人或其中任何共有人与其他人共有；或由夫妻作为共同财产或其他形式财产所有权人将财产转让给他们自己共有或他们自己与他人共有，或者其中一人与给他人共有，并且在转让契约中明确表明是共有，或让与或遗赠给遗嘱执行人或信托人共有。
2．任何制作、印刷或出版，或致使制造、印刷或出版任何有关出售、出租住房的通知、声
明或广告的行为，且该通知、声明或广告含有对种族、肤色、宗教、性别、生理缺陷、婚姻状况、民族等的偏好、限制或歧视，或有该偏好、限制或歧视的意图，均为非法。
3．共同占有财产与普通共有财产的分割。有管辖权的法院（适格法院）在利害关系人提出
衡平法上的救济请求时，可以命令共同财产所有人对共同占有的地产进行分割，并可为此目的指定一个委员会，还可以同样方式分割限嗣继承地产保有人占有的地产；分割地产的法令对所有当事人以及作为继承人而随后主张权利的所有共有人都具有约束力。
4．要求获得地产所有权或占有权的诉讼得在诉因产生之日起21年内提起，但是如果有权
提起该诉讼的当事人在诉因产生时未成年、有智障或被监禁，则该当事人可在诉因产生21年期满后，在该种无能力解除后10年内提起该诉。
Text B：
Checking your understanding
1.F 2. F 3.F 4. T 5. F 6. F 7. F 8. T 9. T 10. T
Build up your vocabulary I. Give the corresponding translation of each of the following terms. adverse possession – 逆占有；实效占有 permanent injunction – 长期禁止令 premises – 房屋
mortgage – 抵押权人
constructive possession – 推定占有
Statute of Limitations/ Law of Limitations/ Limitation Act – 诉讼时效法 Power of attorney – 授权书；委托书 tenant – 承租人 lien – 留置权 grantee – 受让人
II. Put the following trms into Chinese. freehold estate 自有保有地产（权） partition 分割
eminent domain 国家征用权 condemnation 征用（补偿） zoning 分区；分区制 takings 没收；征用
marketable title 可转让的产权
warranty of habitability 可居住性担保 accessions 添附物；添附 improvements 不动产的改进 reversion 归复（权）；土地归复（权）；财产归复（权） alienability 可转让性；可流通性
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