smaller in traditional cultures like India’s or Zimbabwe’s than in the Netherlands or the United States. A husband and a stay-at-home wife in a patriarchal(男权的) Botswanan clan(部族) seem to be more alike than a working couple in Denmark or France. The more Venus and Mars have equal rights and similar jobs, the more their personalities seem to separate.
These findings are so unbelievable that some researchers have argued they must be due to cross-cultural problems with the personality tests. But according to new data from 40.000 men and women on six continents, David P. Schmitt and his colleagues conclude that the trends are real. Dr. Schmitt, a psychologist at Bradley University in Illinois and the director of the International Sexuality Description Project, suggests that as wealthy modern societies level(使平等) the barriers between women and men, some ancient internal differences are being developed.
The biggest changes recorded by the researchers involve the personalities of men, not women.
Men in traditional agricultural societies and poorer countries seem more cautious and anxious, less confident and less competitive than men in the most progressive and rich countries of Europe and North America.
To explain these differences, Dr. Schmitt and his partners from Austria and Estonia point to the hardships of life in poorer countries. They note that in some other species, environmental stress tends to extremely affect the larger sex. And, they say, there are examples of stress decreasing biological sex differences in humans.
13. According to personality tests, the differences between men and women begin to exist________.
A. occasionally and temporarily B. randomly and forever C. regularly and constantly D. early and permanently 14. What is stated in Paragraph 2 is to indicate________.
A. psychologists have no way to know the origin of the differences B. experts fight against one another
C. the explanation for the differences is open to tests
D. women will solve the problem of the personality differences
15. Now researchers tend to believe that the differences between men and women________. A. originate from ancient hunters and gatherers B. are shaped by traditional social roles they play C. are affected by traditional cultures D. vary from one culture to another
16. What can be inferred about Dr. Schmitt? A. He doesn’t recognize the findings above.
B. He thinks social environment contributes to some internal differences. C. He believes wealthy women and men are equal. D. He has no examples to explain the differences at all.
答案
一、真题在线
Passage 1（2019·浙江卷，A） 【答案】21-23 ABD
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。Zachariah Fike有一个不同寻常的爱好：他在网上和古董店里寻找旧的军队勋章，然后将这些勋章归还它们的原主人（及其家人）。文章主要叙述了他这一爱好的原由。
21. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Zac knows the meaning of a Purple Heart — he earned one himself in a war as a soldier. So when his mother gave him the medal, he knew right away what he had to do.”可知，当Zac还是一名士兵的时候，在一次战争中他获得了一枚Purple Heart。故A项正确。
22. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“To drive eight hours to come to see me.”可以推知，Adeline为了那枚Purple Heart开车八个小时来见Zac，由此可知，她对于这件事是认真地。故B选项正确。
23. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Corrado, a translator for the Army during WWII, was killed in action in Europe.”和倒数第三段中的“ ‘But as I grew older,’ Adeline says, ‘and missed my brother more and more, I realized that was the only thing we had left.’ ”可知，这枚勋章寄托了Adeline对于去世的哥哥Corrado的回忆和思念，这是他们家留下的唯一关于哥哥的东西了。因此她很珍惜这枚勋章。故D选项正确。 Passage 2（2019·上海卷，C） 【答案】63-66 CBAD
【解析】本文属于新闻，主要讲述当前核能开发存在耗资巨大和泄漏风险的问题，因此人们正对这种技术失去信心，但是由于新的核能发电方式AMRs的出现，可能会扭转这种情况
63. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Supporters believe these advanced modular reactors (AMRs) — most of which will not be commercial until the 2030s — are critical if atomic power is to compete against the rapidly falling costs of solar and wind.可知，大多数AMRs需要到21世纪30年代才能商业化使用，也就是说现在还没有投入使用，故选C。
64. 推理判断题。根据第五段“All involve the European Pressurized Reactor technology of EDF that will be used at Hinkley Point. All are running years late and over budget. In the US, the first two nuclear projects under way for the past 30 years are also blowing through cost estimates.”可知，所有的核电站都没有按期投入使用，也超出预算，故选B。
65. 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“It is seen as a proving ground, by many in the industry, of nuclear power’s ability to restore confidence.”可知，这可以被看作是一个恢复对核能利用的信心的试验场，由此可知，很多人对核能的发展失去了信心，故选A。
66. 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述当前核能开发存在耗资巨大和泄漏风险的问题，因此人们正对这种技术失去信心，但是由于新的核能发电方式AMRs的出现，可能会扭转这种情况。故可知，本文标题为D选项，核能通往成功的路越来越窄，故选D。 Passage 3（2019·北京卷，C） 【答案】38-41 DABC
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章指出语音操作与自动化技术的出现使得机器人电话可以以假乱真，欺诈现象更加严重，解决这个问题需要电话运营商和消费者共同努力。