18.作者Walt Whitman 作品Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking从永久摇荡的摇篮里；【When Lilacs last in the Dooryard Bloom’d 当后院的丁香花盛开时；O Captain! My Captain!船长，我的船长！】为了纪念林肯

19. “free verse”写作特点：parallelism 对仗 ；phonetic recurrence语音重述

节选O Captain! My Captain!

O CAPTAIN! my Captain! our fearful trip is done;

The ship has weather’d every rack, the prize we sought is won; The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting,

While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring: But O heart! heart! heart! O the bleeding drops of red,

Where on the deck my Captain lies, Fallen cold and dead.

O Captain! my Captain! rise up and hear the bells;

Rise up—for you the flag is flung—for you the bugle trills;

For you bouquets and ribbon’d wreaths—for you the shores a-crowding; For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning; Here Captain! dear father! This arm beneath your head; It is some dream that on the deck, You’ve fallen cold and dead.

My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still; My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will;

The ship is anchor’d safe and sound, its voyage closed and done; From fearful trip, the victor ship, comes in with object won; Exult, O shores, and ring, O bells! But I, with mournful tread, Walk the deck my Captain lies, Fallen cold and dead.

20.作者Emily Dickinson 作品My life closed twice before its close

我从未失去过这么多但有两次；Because I could not stop for Death因为我不能停下来等待死神；Wild Nights-Wild Nights狂风夜；The narrow Fellow in the Grass草丛中的细家伙 节选①My life closed twice before its close; It （life）yet remains to see If immortality unveil揭开 A third event to me .

So huge ,so hopeless to conceive As these that twice fell ,

Parting is all we know of heaven ,生死离别是天堂的全部含义 And all we need of hell.是我们对地狱的全部要求 ②Because I could not stop for Death He（God） kindly stopped for me;

The carriage（conffin棺材） held but just ourselves And Immortality.

We slowly drove, he knew no haste, And I had put away

My labor（job，ambition）, and my leisure too, For his civilitya(殷勤).

We passed the school, where children strove At recess, in the ring;

We passed the fields of gazing grain（闪闪发光的麦田---中年）, We passed the setting sun. Or rather, be passed us;

The dews（露珠） grew quivering and chill, For only gossamer my gown,

My tippet（披肩） only tulle.(薄纱） We paused before house that seemed A swelling of the ground（坟墓tomb）; The roof was scarcely visible, The cornice but a mound.

Since then 'tis centuries, and yet each Feels shorter than the day

I first surmised (沉思，猜想)the horses' heads Were toward eternity.

③A narrow fellow in the grass A narrow fellow in the grass Occasionally rides;

You may have met him,--did you not, His notice sudden is.

The grass divides as with a comb, A spotted shaft is seen;

And then it closes at your feet And opens further on. He likes a boggy acre, A floor too cool for corn.

Yet when a child, and barefoot, I more than once, at morn,

Have passed, I thought, a whip-lash Unbraiding in the sun,-- When, stooping to secure it, It wrinkled, and was gone. Several of nature's people I know, and they know me; I feel for them a transport Of cordiality;

But never met this fellow,

Attended or alone,

Without a tighter breathing, And zero at the bone

④Wild Nights-Wild Nights Wild Nights –Wild Nights Were I with thee（you） Wild Nights should be Our Luxury!

Futile（无用的） –the Winds -

To a Heart（my heart） in port (港湾) {Done with the Compass（your lover）-

Done with the chart!}---I have guidence in my life

Rowing in Eden –the room adhere you and your lover stay Ah .the Sea---the women body ! Might I but moor Tonight –In thee! Chapter7

作者Edgar Allan Poe 作品The Raven乌鸦；The Fall of the house of Usher恶舍府的倒塌 节选The Raven

Once upon a midnight（time） dreary ,while I pondered ,weak and weary , Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore –

While I nodded（打盹） ,nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping, As of some one gently rapping ,rapping at my chamber door— ―’Tis some visitor, ‖I muttered ,‖tapping my chamber door— Only this and nothing more.‖ The Fall of the house of Usher 主人公Roderick Usher

思考题：为什么爱伦坡到了20世纪变得受欢迎了？P111-P112第2段

The short story: Poe says the short story must be of such length as to be read at one setting (brevity), so as to ensure the totality of impression, the very first sentence ought to help to bring out the “single effect” of the story. No word should be used which does not contribute to the “pre-established” design of the work (compression). A tale should reveal some logical truth with “the fullest satisfaction” and should end with the last sentence, leaving a sense of finality with the reader. Chapter8

21. The representatives of the Realism: ①William Dean Howells ②Henry James ③Mark Twain

22.作者 Henry James 作品 The American美国人；Daisy Miller戴西.米乐；The portrait of a Lady贵妇的画像

23.James enjoyed juxtaposing American moral innocence with the somber decadence of Europe .

24. The Definition of Stream of Consciousness: It is the style of writing that attempts to imitate the natural flow of a character’s thoughts, feelings, reflections, memories and mental images as the character experiences them. Chapter9

25.The Definition of Local Colorism：The detailed representation in prose fiction of the setting, dialect, customs, dress and ways of thinking and feeling which are distinctive of a particular region. 代表人物：

Bret Harte and Mark Twain.

26.作者Mark Twain(原名preudonym:Samuel Langhorne Clemens) 作品 The Gilded Age镀金时代；The Adventures of Tom Sawyer汤姆索亚历险记；The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn哈克贝利费恩历险记（背景 the civil war）；Life on the Mississippi 在密西西比河上 节选

I took the sack of corn meal and took it to where the canoe was hid, and shoved the vined and branches apart and put it in; then I done the same with the side of bacon;then the whisky-jug. I took all the coffee and sugar there was, and all the ammunition; I took the wadding; I took the bucket and gourd; took a dipper and a tin cup, and my old saw and two blankets, and the skillet and the coffee-pot. I took fish lines and matches and other things---everything that was worth a cent. I cleaned out the place. I wanted an ax, but there wasn’t any, only the one out at the woodpile, and I knowed why I was going to leave that. I fetched out the gun, and now I was done.(选自Mark Twain---The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn) 思考：两本历险记中主人公小男孩的比较？ Chapter10

27. The Darwinian concepts : “the survival of the fittest” “the human beast” 适者生存、人的兽性。

28.作者 Stephen Crane 作品 The Red Badge of Courage红色英勇勋章

29.作者Theodore Dreiser（西奥多.德莱赛）作品 Sister Carrie(女主角的两个情人Druet 和Hurstwood); An American Tragedy美国悲剧

30.作者Jack London 作品The Call of the Wild野性的呼唤；Martin Eden马丁.伊甸 31.作者O.Henry 作品 The Gift of the Magi麦琪的礼物；The Cop and the Anthem警察与赞美诗

He tended to repeat the motifs of his stories and fall into melodrama and sentimentality. He always created the special ends described as ―tears with smile‖ for his stories. 2008-12-31 Angelina