µÚ Ò» ÕÂ Æø Ìå
½â£º ·ÅÈëÖüÆøÆ¿ÖÐµÄÆøÌåÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª
n
p3V3100 kPa?20?10?3 m3n???0.80 mol
RT8.314 J?mol?1?K?1?300 K Éè¸ÖÆ¿µÄÌå»ýΪV£¬ÔÓÐÆøÌåΪn1£¬Ê£ÓàÆøÌåΪn2
p1V?n1RT
p2V?n2RT n1?n2?n
n?n1?n2?p1Vp2V?RTRTnRT0.80 mol?8.314 J?mol?1?K?1?300 KV???9.98 dm3
p1?p2(1800?1600) kPa3. Óõç½âË®µÄ·½·¨ÖƱ¸ÇâÆøÊ±£¬ÇâÆø×ÜÊDZ»Ë®ÕôÆø±¥ºÍ£¬ÏÖÔÚÓýµÎµķ½·¨È¥³ý²¿·ÖË®ÕôÆø¡£ÏÖ½«ÔÚ298 KÌõ¼þÏÂÖÆµÃµÄ±¥ºÍÁËË®ÆøµÄÇâÆøÍ¨Èë283 K¡¢Ñ¹Á¦ºã¶¨Îª128.5 kPaµÄÀäÄýÆ÷ÖУ¬ÊÔ¼ÆË㣺 ÀäÄýǰºó»ìºÏÆøÌåÖÐË®ÆøµÄĦ¶û·ÖÊý¡£ÒÑÖªÔÚ298 KºÍ283 Kʱ£¬Ë®µÄ±¥ºÍÕôÆûѹ·Ö±ðΪ3.167 kPaºÍ1.227 kPa¡£»ìºÏÆøÌå½üËÆ×÷ΪÀíÏëÆøÌå¡£
½â£ºË®ÆøËùÕ¼µÄĦ¶û·ÖÊý½üËÆµÈÓÚË®ÆøÑ¹Á¦ÓëÀäÄý²Ù×÷µÄ×Üѹ֮±È ÔÚÀäÄýÆ÷½ø¿Ú´¦£¬T=298 K
x(H2O,g)=p(H2O)3.167 kPa??0.025 p128.5 kPa ÔÚÀäÄýÆ÷³ö¿Ú´¦£¬T=283 K
x(H2O,g)=p(H2O)1.227 kPa??0.009 p128.5 kPa¿É¼ûÕâÑù´¦ÀíÒԺ󣬺¬Ë®Á¿Ï½µÁ˺ܶࡣ
4. Ä³Æø¹ñÄÚÖü´æÂÈÒÒÏ©CH2=CHCl£¨g£©300m£¬Ñ¹Á¦Îª122 kPa£¬Î¶ÈΪ300 K¡£ÇóÆø¹ñÄÚÂÈÒÒÏ©ÆøÌåµÄÃܶȺÍÖÊÁ¿¡£ÈôÌáÓÃÆäÖеÄ100m£¬Ï൱ÓÚÂÈÒÒÏ©µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª¶àÉÙ£¿ÒÑÖªÆäĦ¶ûÖÊÁ¿Îª62.5g?mol£¬ÉèÆøÌåΪÀíÏëÆøÌå¡£ ½â£º?=-133mpV , m?nM, n?VRT ´úÈ룬µÃ£º
Mp62.5?10?3 kg?mol?1?122?103 Pa-3?3?=??3.06 kg?m?3.06 g?dm ?1?1RT8.314 J?mol?K?300 Km???V?3.06 kg?m-3?300 m3?918 kg
µÚ 5 Ò³ ¹² 135 Ò³ 2020-05-27£¨Óàѵˬ£©
µÚ Ò» ÕÂ Æø Ìå
11918 kg1?4896 mol n?n£¨×Ü£©=n?n(×Ü)???3?13362.5?10 kg?mol35. ÓеªÆøºÍ¼×Í飨¾ùÎªÆøÌ壩µÄÆøÌå»ìºÏÎï100 g£¬ÒÑÖªº¬µªÆøµÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýΪ0.31¡£ÔÚ420 KºÍÒ»¶¨Ñ¹Á¦Ï£¬»ìºÏÆøÌåµÄÌå»ýΪ9.95dm¡£Çó»ìºÏÆøÌåµÄ×ÜѹÁ¦ºÍ¸÷×é·ÖµÄ·Öѹ¡£¼Ù¶¨»ìºÏÆøÌå×ñÊØDalton·Öѹ¶¨ÂÉ¡£ÒÑÖªµªÆøºÍ¼×ÍéµÄĦ¶ûÖÊÁ¿·Ö±ðΪ28g?mol?13ºÍ16g?mol?1¡£
½â£ºn?N2??m0.31?100 g??1.11 mol M28 g?mol?1(1?0.31)?100 g?4.31 mol ?116 g?moln(CH4)?nRT(1.11+4.31) mol?8.314 J?mol?1?K?1?420 Kp???1902 kPa
V9.95?10?3 m3p(N2)?n(N2)1.11?p??1902 kPa=389.5 kPa
n(N2)?n(CH4)1.11?4.31p(CH4)?(1902?389.5) kPa=1512.5 kPa
6. ÔÚ300 Kʱ£¬Ä³Ò»ÈÝÆ÷Öк¬ÓÐH2£¨g£©ºÍN2£¨g£©Á½ÖÖÆøÌåµÄ»ìºÏÎѹÁ¦Îª152 kPa£¬Î¶ÈΪ¡£½«N2£¨g£©·ÖÀëºó£¬Ö»ÁôÏÂH2£¨g£©£¬±£³ÖζȲ»±ä£¬Ñ¹Á¦½µÎª50.7 kPa£¬ÆøÌåÖÊÁ¿¼õÉÙ14 g¡£ÊÔ¼ÆË㣺
£¨1£©ÈÝÆ÷µÄÌå»ý£»
£¨2£©ÈÝÆ÷ÖÐH2£¨g£©µÄÖÊÁ¿£»
£¨3£©ÈÝÆ÷ÖÐ×î³õµÄÆøÌå»ìºÏÎïÖУ¬H2£¨g£©ºÍN2£¨g£©µÄĦ¶û·ÖÊý ½â£º£¨1£©
p?N2??p?p(H2)?(152?50.7) kPa=101.3 kPa n?N2??m?N2?14 g??0.5 mol ?1M?N2?28 g?mol
n(N2)RT0.5 mol?8.314 J?mol?1?K?1?300K V???12.3 dm3
p(N2)101.3 kPa £¨2£©
p?N2??101.3 kPa p?H2??50.7 kPa
ÔÚT £¬V ²»±äµÄÇé¿öÏÂ
n(H2)p(H2)50.7 kPa???0.5
n(N2)p(N2)101.3 kPaµÚ 6 Ò³ ¹² 135 Ò³ 2020-05-27£¨Óàѵˬ£©
µÚ Ò» ÕÂ Æø Ìå
n(H2)?0.5 n(N2)?0.5?0.5 mol=0.25 mol
m(H2)?n(H2)M(H2)?0.25 mol?2.0 g?mol?1?0.5 g
£¨3£©
x(N2)?n(N2)0.5 mol??0.67
n(H2)?n(N2)(0.5+0.25) mol
x(H2)?1?0.67?0.33
w(H2)?0.064£¬
7. ÉèÄ³Ë®ÃºÆøÖи÷×é·ÖµÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý·Ö±ðΪ£º
w(CO)?0.678£¬
w(N2)?0.107£¬w(CO2)?0.140£¬w(CH4)?0.011¡£ÊÔ¼ÆË㣺
£¨1£©»ìºÏÆøÖи÷ÆøÌåµÄĦ¶û·ÖÊý£»
£¨2£©µ±»ìºÏÆøÔÚ670 KºÍ152 kPaʱµÄÃܶȣ» £¨3£©¸÷ÆøÌåÔÚÉÏÊöÌõ¼þϵķÖѹ¡£
½â£ºÉèË®ÃºÆøµÄ×ÜÖÊÁ¿Îª100g£¬Ôò¸÷ÎïÖʵÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý³ËÒÔ×ÜÖÊÁ¿¼´Îª¸÷ÎïÖʵÄÖÊÁ¿£¬ËùÒÔ£º £¨1£©n(H2)?m(H2)6.4 g??3.20 mol ?1M(H2)2.0 g?molͬÀíÓУºn(CO)?67.8 g10.7 g?2.42 moln(N)??0.38 mol 228 g?mol?128 g?mol?114.0 g1.1 g?0.32 moln(CH)??0.07 mol 4?1?144 g?mol16 g?mol
n(CO2)?ÔòÓУº
n£¨×Ü£©=n(×Ü)??nB?(3.20?2.42?0.38?0.32?0.07)mol=6.39 mol
x(CO)=n(CO)2.42 mol??0.379
n(×Ü)6.39 molͬÀíÓУºx(H2)?0.500£¬x(N2)?0.059£¬x(CO2)?0.050 £¬x(CH4)?0.011 £¨2£©ÒòΪ
pV?n(×Ü)RT
n(×Ü)RT6.39 mol?8.314 J?mol?1?K?1?670 KV???234.2 dm3
p152 kPa
??m100 g??0.427 g?dm?3 3V234.2 dmpB?pxB£¬ËùÒÔ
£¨3£©¸ù¾ÝDalton·Öѹ¶¨ÂÉ
µÚ 7 Ò³ ¹² 135 Ò³ 2020-05-27£¨Óàѵˬ£©
µÚ Ò» ÕÂ Æø Ìå
ͬÀí p(H2)?x(H2)p?0.5?152 kPa?76.0 kPa
p(CO)?57.6 kPa£¬p(N2)?8.97 kPa£¬ p(CO2)?7.60 kPa p(CH4)?1.67 kPa
µÚ 8 Ò³ ¹² 135 Ò³ 2020-05-27£¨Óàѵˬ£©