当前贸易保护主义的新特点及我国应对策略研究

摘要:在世界经济发展的大趋势下,自由贸易一直占据主流地位。金融危机爆发后,保护贸易再度登场,并在国际贸易中扮演越来越重要的角色。受当前国际环境中不稳定性因素的影响,世界经济出现乏力增长。新兴国家的崛起和中国地位提升改变了当前的政治经济格局,使争夺世界利益的主体更加复杂化、多元化。失业问题和2012大选叠加也给各国带来巨大政治压力这些因素都促使得贸易保护主义再度抬头,并且得到升级创新。在其使用工具、保护的领域范围和实施保护的形式、主体等方面都出现新的特点、新的发展。因此,对当前贸易保护主义的新特点、新发展进行全面、深入的分析,从而制定出适当的应对策略,对我国经济和贸易发展都有深远的意义。

自我国加入WTO以来,一直都是世界各国实施贸易保护的重点对象,这次也不例外。这除了与当前国际经济环境有关外,也有中国自身的发展原因。伴随着中国改革开放的深入及中国的和平崛起,贸易摩擦、贸易纠纷等都将成为中国对外贸易的\必经之路\。中国的崛起和快速发展也使中国面临的贸易保护情况更加复杂,在涉案的领域和产生纠纷的主体等方面都有不断扩大的趋势。此外,西方发达国家为促进本国产品出口,开始对我国体制和制度等方面进行指责、干预。这无疑使我国面临更加复杂的国际环境,阻碍我国发展。

为研究如何应对当前贸易保护主义,本文先从历史各时期的贸易保护主义理论入手,用案例分析与数据分析相结合的方法,全面、深入的分析当前贸易保护主义的新特点、产生的原因及对我国的影响。根据这些研究,制定出政府、行业协会、企业三个层面的应对策略。首先,政府应积极参与到国际事务中去,为我国对外贸易发展营造一个良好的国际氛围。其次,行业协会应充分发挥自身功能,做好政府与企业的桥梁作用。再次,企业要全面提升应对当前贸易保护主义的能力。最后,在我国积极应对国外贸易保护主义时,还要注意到反补贴日益增多、体制制度干预等方面的问题,并妥善处理,避免为日后对外贸易留下隐患。

关键词:国际贸易贸易保护主义贸易摩擦新特点策略

Abstract

Abstract: In the general trend of development of the world economy, the free trade has been dominated. After the financial crisis, trade protection come again, and in the international trade play more important role.By the current international environment factors which influence the stability, the world economy appears weak growth. The rise of the emerging countries and China changed the current status ascension political and economic situation, make for the interest of the world body more complicated, diversified. Unemployment and 2012 general election for countries also bring huge stack of political pressure. These are prompted the trade protectionism looked up again, and get promoted innovation. In its use tools, protection of the scope and implement field protection in the form of subject, etc, all new characteristics, and new development. Therefore, the current trade protectionism of new features and new development makes a comprehensive and in-depth analysis, and to work out the appropriate strategies, on our contries economic and trade development has profound significance.

Since China’s accession to the WTO, has been from countries all over the world trade protection on the implementation of the object, this is no exception. In addition to the current international economic environment related outside, also have China’s own development cause. With the deepening of reform and opening up in China and China’s peaceful rise, trade friction, trade dispute, etc. Will be the country’s foreign trade ” only way ”. The rise of China and China is also faced with the rapid development of trade protection situation more complex, in the field of a dispute involving and the main body of the trend of the utterance constantly. In addition, the western developed countries to promote our country export, and began to our system of accused, intervention system. This is sure to make our country is faced with more complex international environment, and hinder the development of our country.

As the research on how to deal with the trade protectionism, this paper first from the period of history theory of trade, with case analysis and data analysisi, the method of combining the all-round and in-depth analysis of the current trade protectionism of new features and new development and its causes is in.According to the study, work out thegovernment, the ndustry association, the enterprise from the three aspects of strategy. First, the government should actively participate in international affairs, China's foreign trade development to create a favorable international environment. Second, the industry association shall give full play to its own functions, completes the government and enterprise bridge. Once again, the enterprise must strengthen the development of itself, from completely overcome foreign protectionism. Finally, in our country actively respond to foreign trade protectionism, but must pay attention to the increasing subsidies, system with, and properly handle, avoid left hidden trouble for future development.

Keywords: International Trade Trade Protectionism TradeFriction NewFeatures Strategy

目 录

一、绪论 ....................................................................................................................................... 1

（一）研究的背景及意义 ...................................................................................................... 1 （二）研究的内容和框架 ...................................................................................................... 2 （三）研究方法及创新点 ...................................................................................................... 4

1.研究方法 ........................................................................................................................ 4 2.创新点 ............................................................................................................................ 4

（四）文献综述 ........................................................................................................................ 5 （五）国际贸易保护的理论依据 ......................................................................................... 6

1.重商主义时期的经济理论 ............................................................................................ 7 2.李斯特的保护幼稚工业理论 ........................................................................................ 7 3.凯恩斯的对外贸易乘数理论 ........................................................................................ 8 4.普雷维舒什贸易条件恶化论 ........................................................................................ 9 5.克鲁格曼的战略性贸易政策 ....................................................................................... 10

二、当前贸易保护主义的新特点 ................................................................................ 10

（一）当前贸易保护主义手段的新特点 ......................................................................... 11

1.贸易救济措施重新组合 .............................................................................................. 11 2.经济政策类手段 .......................................................................................................... 12 3.借助媒体进行文化传播 .............................................................................................. 16 4.贸易执法部门 ............................................................................................................... 17

（二）当前贸易保护主义客体的新特点 ......................................................................... 17

1.贸易保护再次转向夕阳产业 ...................................................................................... 18 2.贸易保护开始瞄准新兴产业 ...................................................................................... 18 3.稀缺资源贸易摩擦逐渐显现 ....................................................................................... 19

（三）当前贸易保护主义形式的新特点 ......................................................................... 20

1.低碳经济 ...................................................................................................................... 20 2.保护国家安全 ............................................................................................................... 22

（四）当前贸易保护主义主体的新特点 ......................................................................... 23

1.贸易保护的区域集团化 .............................................................................................. 23

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