新疆大学毕业论文（设计）

等离子喷涂功能材料制备的实验工装设计

摘 要

等离子喷涂技术是现代表面工程的重要手段之一，在工业生产和科研中的应用也越来越广泛。等离子喷枪作为等离子喷涂设备的重要组成的部分，现有的等离子喷枪存在能量消耗大、粉末沉积率低、喷枪寿命短等缺点，进而影响着生产效率与喷涂工艺的成本。现有的小型等离子喷枪多为手持式，这种手动喷涂的方法存在操作人员的劳动强度大、操作水平要求高，满足不了大批量生产作业；其次，涂层质量不稳定，均匀性差，喷涂准确性低，喷涂质量完全凭人工经验控制。

本文首先通过在喷枪的送粉方式、送气方式、喷嘴形状、阴极及钨极座对等离子喷涂的影响方面，设计了喷枪的结构，提高了喷涂的沉积率和喷枪的寿命，进而降低了喷涂工艺成本。其次，本文的重点是对等离子喷涂进给机构进行了设计，通过Y向机构的装夹盘和水平放置三爪卡盘分别对平面类工件和轴类工件进行装夹，然后由安置在十字滑台的喷枪对工件进行运动喷涂。

通过对喷枪的优化设计和等离子喷涂进给机构的设计，改善了喷涂涂层的质量，提高了喷涂材料的利用率，从而节约了喷涂成本，并实现了喷涂系统运动的精准控制，替代了人工劳动力，提高了喷涂效率和喷涂过程的安全性，为喷涂工件的大批量生产提供了条件，从而推动等离子喷涂技术在工业生产上更加广泛的应用。

关键词：功能材料；等离子喷枪；进给机构；实验工装

I

新疆大学毕业论文（设计）

The design ofexperimental equipment for manufacturing

function materials by plasma spraying

Abstract

The plasma spray is one of the important technology in surface. Plasma spraying can obtain evenly the coatings of high quality for its superior characteristics of high-temperature and high-velocity, and get the performance what we need. The plasma spray gun and the feed system of plasma spraying play important role in plasma spraying progress. The quality of plasma arc great depends on the property of plasma spray gun. Moreover, plasma spray jet, cathode, powder feeding and gas feeding are kernel of plasma spray gun. The feed system of plasma spraying decides the effiency of spraying and even influences the productivity.

Firstly, this paper designed the gun by the influence of the way of powder feeding and gas feeding, the shape of spraying jet, cathode and its block. So it enduranced the rate of deposition and the lifetime of gun to decrease the cost of this technology. And then, the key point of this paper is the design of feeding system of plasma spraying. By clamping workpiece through fixture of Y axis and threejawchuck, plasma spraying gun can spraying on the moving cross slippery platform.

By the optimal design of spraying gun, it really improve the quality of spraying coating and the rate of spraying material . Thus, it can decrease the cost of this technology. By the design of the design of feeding system of plasma spraying, it achieved the control of system movement accurately, and it takes the place of manpower so as to enhance the efficiency and safety. What’s more, this system makes it possible for workpiece large batch production. Accordingly, this feeding system can drive the technology of plasma spraying to broaden application.

Key words:function material; plasma spray gun; feeding institution;

experimental equipment

II

新疆大学毕业论文（设计）

目录

第1章绪论....................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 功能材料............................................................................................................................ 1

1.1.1 功能材料的概念 ..................................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 功能材料的分类及应用 ......................................................................................... 1 1.1.3 常见功能材料的制备 ............................................................................................. 3 1.2 等离子喷涂技术 ................................................................................................................ 4

1.2.1离子与等离子体 ...................................................................................................... 4 1.2.2 等离子喷涂的原理 ................................................................................................. 6 1.2.3 等离子喷涂的特点 ................................................................................................. 7 1.2.4等离子喷涂的喷涂距离与喷涂角度 ...................................................................... 8 1.2.5 等离子喷涂涂层性能检测方法 ............................................................................. 8 1.2.6 等离子喷涂功能材料的应用与前景 ..................................................................... 8 1.3 本章小结............................................................................................................................ 9 第2章等离子喷枪的设计 ............................................................................................................. 10

2.1 等离子喷枪的基本结构 .................................................................................................. 10 2.2 等离子喷枪基本参数的选择 .......................................................................................... 11 2.3 等离子喷枪结构的基本设计要求 .................................................................................. 11 2.4 等离子喷枪结构方案的选择 .......................................................................................... 12

2.4.1 送粉方式的选择 ................................................................................................... 12 2.4.2 送气方式的选择 ................................................................................................... 14 2.4.3 阳极（喷嘴）形状的选择 ................................................................................... 15 2.4.4 阴极（钨极）和钨极套的设计 ........................................................................... 17 2.5 本章小结.......................................................................................................................... 18 第3章喷涂系统进给方案的设计 ................................................................................................. 19

3.1 等离子喷涂的喷涂设备 .................................................................................................. 19 3.2 等离子喷涂系统进给方案的确定 .................................................................................. 19

3.2.1进给伺服系统的要求 .......................................................................................... 19 3.2.2 等离子喷涂进给机构的主要设计参数 ............................................................... 20 3.2.3 进给机构总体方案的选择 ................................................................................... 20 3.3 导轨类型的选择 .............................................................................................................. 23

3.3.1 选择的导轨满足的要求 ....................................................................................... 24 3.3.2 常见的滑动导轨类型和导轨类型的确定 ........................................................... 24 3.4 传动方式的选择 .............................................................................................................. 25 3.5 各个进给机构联轴器的选用 .......................................................................................... 25 3.6 进给机构的防护 .............................................................................................................. 26 3.7 本章小结.......................................................................................................................... 27 第4章喷涂系统进给机构的计算 ................................................................................................. 28

4.1 Y向进给机构的计算 ..................................................................................................... 28

4.1.1 滚珠丝杠副的选择与计算 ................................................................................... 28 4.1.2 电机和减速机型号的选择 ................................................................................... 31

I

新疆大学毕业论文（设计）

4.1.3 轴承的选择与计算 ............................................................................................... 33 4.1.4 键的校核计算 ....................................................................................................... 34 4.1.5 工件装夹盘安装螺栓的校核计算 ....................................................................... 35 4.2 X向进给机构的设计与计算 ......................................................................................... 36

4.2.1 X向滚珠丝杠的选择与计算 .............................................................................. 36 4.2.2交流伺服电机与减速器型号的选择 .................................................................... 38 4.2.3 轴承的选择与计算 ............................................................................................. 40 4.2.4 键的校核计算 ..................................................................................................... 41 4.3 Z向进给机构的设计与计算 ......................................................................................... 42

4.3.1 Z向滚珠丝杠的选择与计算 .............................................................................. 42 4.3.2 交流伺服电机与减速器型号的选择 ................................................................... 44 4.3.3 轴承的选择与计算 ............................................................................................. 46 4.3.4 键的校核计算 ..................................................................................................... 47 4.4 轴类工件旋转机构的设计与计算 ................................................................................ 48

4.4.1 交流伺服电机与减速器型号的选择 ................................................................... 48 4.4.2 三爪卡盘的选型 ................................................................................................. 49 4.4.3 卡盘轴的校核 ....................................................................................................... 50 4.4.4 轴承的选择与计算 ............................................................................................. 51 4.4.5 键的校核计算 ..................................................................................................... 52 4.5 本章小结.......................................................................................................................... 53 第5章总结与展望 ......................................................................................................................... 54 致谢 ................................................................................................................................................ 55 参考文献......................................................................................................................................... 56

II