情态动词的基本用法

一. can(could)的用法

1表示体力或脑力方面的能力，“能做，能够做”,be able to在表示能力时与can同义，但可用于各种时态，强调通过努力克服困难成功地做成某事，相当于managed to do 或 succeeded in doing。如 ①He can speak English.② With the help of the firemen, the trapped people was able to leave the burning building.

2表示“请求. 3.表示许可”，

4表示客观可能性“可能、会” 如：Everybody can make mistakes

5表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度（主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中） How can you be so careless?

6.表常有的行为与情形。“有时会，时而可能”He can be careless sometimes. 7.can not …….too/enough 8.否定句中表有把握的推测

9.①can not but do②can not help but do③can do nothing but do ④have no choice but to do 二.may的用法 1．表征求意见 2. 表许可

3．表推测、“可能”

4．表祝愿。如：May you succeed!

5.①may as well do/had better do ②may well do/be likely to do 三. must(主观)的用法 注意： have to （客观） 1．表“必须“ 2 mustn’t表“禁止”

注意：交际用语—Must I hand in the paper now?

—Yes, you must.

—No, you needn ' t. / you don' t have to.

3． “肯定句”中表推测 I think there must be a mistake，

4． 偏偏、硬要、干嘛(指做令人不快的事)。如： Hey．boys！ Must you shout so loudly?’ 四．shall的用法

1． 用于一、三人称中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示

2． 用于二、三人称中表命令、许诺、警告、强制、威胁、法律法规的规定等。如：You shall have my answer tomorrow. ( 允诺 ) You shall do as l told you．(命令或吩咐) 五．should 的用法

1.肯定句中表示，建议，或应尽义务或责任表“应该”，否定句中表建议

2.表示预测可能性，并译作“可能，(按道理)应该”They should come here now． 3.表“竟然”及意外，惊异，失望，不理解。 六．will和would

1.表示意愿Come whenever you will.

2.表意志和决心 I will not let you down again.

3表经常性或习惯性动作。(would表过去经常性习惯性动作)He will always get up at six. 4表事物固有属性与倾向性 Fish will die without water.

5表请求、建议，would语气更委婉 Would you please do me a favor?

6.would rather do sth than do /would do sth rather than do /prefer to do sth rather than do 七．dare与need(情态/实义)

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注意：dared为dare的过去式 八．情态动词+have done

① must have done②could (not)have done③can have done (否定或疑问句中表可能做了。。。。) ④may have done ⑤Should (not)have done⑥need not have done

虚拟语气

一：If 引导的虚拟语气

与现在相反： If+主语+ did/were, 主 +should/would/could/might +do

与过去相反： If+主语+had done, 主+should/would/could/might +havedone

与将来相反:If+主语+should do, were to do， did/were, 主 +should/would/could/might +do 注意：if可以省略 需把从句中的助动词 were, had 或 should 移到主语前面，引导部分倒装。 二：错综时间条件句

有时条件从句谓语动词表示的动作和主句谓语表示的动作发生的时间不一致，这类句子称为错综时间条件句。此时主从句动词的形式应根据各自所表示的时间进行调整。 If you had taken my advice then, you wouldn't be in trouble now. 三：含蓄虚拟语气：with, without, but for, otherwise, or, but

四：表“建议、命令、要求”的词，如suggest, order, insist , propose，demand的各种形式所引导的名词性从句中，常should+动词原形

五：wish引导宾语从句，表不可能实现的愿望 六：would rather引导 的宾语从句 七：as if, as though

八：It is/was important, necessary, strange, natural, appropriate, essential, vital that sb should do(should可省)

九：It is high time that + ①sb should do,(should不能省) 或者②sb did

1〖09天津〗This printer is of good quality. If it _______ break down within the first year,

we would repair it at our expense

A. would B. should C. could D. might 2 〖09重庆〗-Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is? -She_____in the classroom. I saw her there just now.

A. shall be B. should have been C. must be D. might have been

3〖09全国II〗I can't leave. She told me that I stay here until she comes back. A. can B. must C. will D. may

4〖09江苏〗He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he it differently. A. could express B. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed 5〖09福建〗But for the help of my English teacher, I the first prize in the English Writing Competition.

A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won

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6〖08全国Ⅱ〗Liza well not want to go on the trip-she hates traveling.? A.will B.can C.must D.may

7〖08北京〗John promised his doctor he not smoke, and he has never smoked ever since.? A.might B.should C.could D.would

8〖08天津〗She have left school, for her bike is still here. A.can't B.wouldn't C.shouldn't D.needn't

9〖08湖南〗You don't have to know the name of the author to find a book. You find it

by the title.?

A.must B.need C.can D.would

10〖08福建〗It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it be rather cold sometimes. A.must B.can C.should D.would

11〖08江苏〗-I'm sorry. I at you the other day.?

-Forget it.I was a bit out of control myself.

A.shouldn't shout B.shouldn't have shouted C.mustn't shout D.mustn't have shouted 12〖08山东〗Thank you for all your hard work last week.I don't think we it without you.? A.can manage B.could have managed? C.could manage D.can have managed 13〖07全国Ⅰ〗-How's your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?? -It be, but it is now heavily polluted.? A.will B.would C.should D.must

14〖10安徽〗Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he-_______

A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy. D. will be busy 15.〖10湖南〗If he my advice, he wouldn't have lost his job.

A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow

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高三英语二轮复习题型技法指导专题二 完形填空

真题试做 (2012山东高考)

Whenever we hear about“the homeless，”most of us think of the Developing World.But the __36__ is that homelessness is everywhere.For example，how many of us would expect to see people living on the streets of a __37__ country like Germany?

Kurt Muller and his wife Rita have spent eleven years making __38__ for the homeless of Berlin，Germany's capital.They first __39__ one long hot summer when most Germans were __40__ on holiday.Kurt and his wife stayed at home，made sandwiches，__41__ a table in the street and gave food to the homeless. The Mullers soon realised that food and clothing weren't __42__.“What these people also need is warmth and __43__，”says Rita.The Mullers didn't __44__ to give their phone number to the street people and told them to phone anytime.Rita __45__ there was somebody at home to answer the phone and their home was always __46__ to anyone who couldn't face another night on the street.

The couple were soon __47__ all their time and money，so Kurt visited food and clothing companies to __48__ donations.Today，over thirty companies __49__ donate food and other goods to the cause and volunteers help to __50__ them to the homeless.The public also give clothes and money and a shoe producer __51__ new shoes. Kurt and Rita receive no __52__ for their hard work.“We feel like parents，”says Rita，“and parents shouldn't __53__ money for helping their children.The love we get on the streets is our salary.”Though Rita admits she often gets __54__，she says she will continue with her work because she likes the feeling of having made a __55__ in the world. 36．A.result B．truth C．reason 37．A.traditional

B．developing C．typical B．houses C．meals B．met C．called B．alone C．across

D．idea

D．wealthy D．suggestions D．left D．away D．gave away

D．expensive D．caring D．intend D．worked out D．near D．spending

38．A.preparations 39．A.began 40．A.asleep

41．A.brought up 42．A.enough 43．A.fame

B．set up C．put aside B．necessary C．helpful

B．freedom C．courage B．agree C．pretend B．found out C．made sure B．crowded C．noisy

44．A.hesitate 45．A.made sense 46．A.open

47．A.costing 48．A.pay for 49．A.completely 50．A.advertise

B．wasting C．taking B．ask for C．look into

D．carry out

D．roughly D．lend

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B．calmly C．regularly

B．sell C．deliver