船用柴油机中央冷却系统水温的智能控制
摘 要
随着计算机技术、测量仪器和控制技术的高速发展，在现代自动控制领域中，应用了越来越多的先进测量控制技术、设备和方法。在这些众多的先进测量控制技术中，由于单片微处理器的性能日益提高、价格又不断降低，使其性能价格比的优势非常明显。因此，如何将单片微处理器应用到船舶自动控制领域，成为目前轮机自动化的焦点课题之一，为越来越多的科研机构所重视。
PID水温控制调节方法出现时间较早，已被大部分现代船舶所淘汰。因此本文针对传统的柴油机中央冷却系统水温PID控制系统算法较为复杂，不能准确、快速、灵敏、稳定的调节柴油机冷却水的温度，提出了基于89C51单片机的智能冷却水调节系统的控制方案和具体方法。在建立柴油机中央冷却系统高温淡水（缸套冷却水）冷却回路的动态热力模型基础上，将柴油机功率模糊信号引入到了高温冷却水温度控制系统中。通过调节三通阀的开度，从而可以达到降低冷却水温度的动态偏差，快速而准确的调节冷却水温度的目的。比较得出基于功率信号模糊预调节与水温Smith+PID调节的智能控制方法，明显优于常规PID控制方法。在实际应用中实现了对船舶柴油机冷却水的智能精确控制，减少了油耗，延长了发动机的使用寿命。
关键词：智能控制；89C51单片机；精度高；速度快
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船用柴油机中央冷却系统水温的智能控制
Abstract
With the rapid development of computer technology, measuring instruments and control technology, the application of advanced measurement and control technology, equipment and methods were applied in the modern field of automatic control. Due to the improving performance and decreasing price of single-chip microprocessor, its cost performance became outstanding beyond the numerous advanced measurements and control technologies. Therefore, one of the focuses of the current turbine automation topics is to apply the single-chip microprocessor into ship automatic control, which has been paid attention to by more and more research institutions.
PID temperature control adjustment method, which has the problems of complexity and can not accurately, rapidly, sensitively and stably control the diesel’s cooling system, had been eliminated by most modern ships. Therefore, this essay will focus on the the problems of the PID control system algorithm of the central cooling system water temperature in conventional diesel engines, and propose a control scheme and approach which is based on the 89C51 micro-controller smart cooling water conditioning system. The solution is to introduce the engine power fuzzy signal into a high-temperature cooling water temperature control system by establishing a dynamic model of the central engine cooling system temperature fresh water ( jacket cooling water ) cooling circuit on the basis of thermodynamic model. By adjusting the opening degree of the three-way valve to achieve the aim of reducing the dynamic deviation of water temperature and quickly and accurately adjusting the cooling water temperature. It can be significantly better than the conventional PID control methods system simulation studies which gains fuzzy intelligent control power signal pre-conditioning and water -based Smith + PID regulator. In practical applications, not only precise control of intelligent engine cooling water vessel is achieved, but also the fuel consumption is reduced and the life of the engine is extended.
KEY WORDS: intelligent controls,89C51 microcomputer, high precision, high speed
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船用柴油机中央冷却系统水温的智能控制
目 录
摘要 ..................................................................... 1 ABSTRACT................................................................. 2 第1章 绪论 ............................................................ 5 第2章 船用柴油机中央冷却系统 ........................................ 10 2.1船用柴油机中央冷却系统工作过程 ................................... 10 2.2系统的构成 ........................................................ 10 2.2.1 系统结构图 ............................................... 11 2.2.2 系统各组成部分功能说明 ................................... 11 2.3 系统的性能指标 .................................................. 13 2.3.1 系统的主要技术功能........................................ 13 2.3.2 系统的性能特点 ........................................... 14 第3章 系统硬件组成 .................................................. 15 3.1 系统硬件组成结构图 .............................................. 15 3.2 系统各部分结构 .................................................. 16 3.2.1 测温电路.................................................. 16 3.2.2 A/D转换电路 .............................................. 17 3.2.3 键盘与显示电路: .......................................... 18 3.2.4 串行通讯模块: ............................................ 19 3.2.5 声光报警电路: ............................................ 19 3.2.6 主控单元(MCC): ........................................... 20 第4章 系统软件介绍 .................................................. 22 4.1 温度控制系统算法 ................................................ 22 4.1.1 系统的整体控制 ............................................... 22 4.1.2 算法介绍 ...................................................... 23 4.2 计算机软件及功能 ................................................ 28 4.3 单片机的软件设计 ................................................ 30
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船用柴油机中央冷却系统水温的智能控制
4.3.1 主程序: ....................................................... 31 4.3.2 T.0中断服务子程序 ........................................... 32 4.3.3 串行口中断服务程序 .......................................... 33 第5章 系统可靠性研究 ................................................ 34 5.1 系统硬件的可靠性设计 ............................................ 34 5.2 系统软件的可靠性设计 ............................................ 36 第6章 结论 ........................................................... 38 致谢............................................................... 39 参考文献................................................................ 40
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