专题九 名词性从句

(一)语法讲练——过知识关

要点一 主语从句

主语从句中需要注意的2种情况

(1)主语从句在复合句中作主语，引导词主要有that，whether，what，who，which，when，where，how，why，whatever，whoever等。如：

Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 它是否对我们有害还有待证实。

(2)形式主语：有时为了避免句子显得“头重脚轻”，可用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句末。如：

It's a pity that he didn't come. 很遗憾他没来。

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Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．(2017·江苏卷改编)________ is known to us all is that Wang Meng got three gold medals in Vancouver Winter Olympics.

[解析] 考查主语从句。what在主语从句中作is的主语。 [答案] What

2．(2017·北京卷改编)________ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.

[解析] 句意：“我想告诉你的是我深爱我的父母并很尊重他们。”名词性从句的连词选用规则是：根据意思，缺什么就填什么，什么都不缺就填that。我们必须特别关注what所引导的名词性从句，what引导名词性从句时，必须在句中担当主、宾、表等成分，意思是“……的事或东西”，一般也不能用逗号和主句分割开来，插入语除外。

[答案] What

3．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ改编)It has been proved ________ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.

[解析] 此句为主语从句，从句中不缺少任何成分，句意完整，故用that引导。 [答案] that Ⅱ.单句改错

1．(2016·北京卷改编)Your support is important to our work.That you can do

helps.____________

[解析] 句意：你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事都会有所帮助。分析句子成分和句意可知，连接代词引导主语从句并在从句中作do的宾语，表示“无论什么”，故用Whatever引导这个主语从句。

[答案] That→Whatever

2．(2016·江苏卷改编)It is often the case what anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.____________

[解析] 名词性从句中句意完整，不缺少成分，因此用that来引导。本句句意是：通常对于那些怀揣希望的人来说一切都有可能。

[答案] what→that 要点二 宾语从句

宾语从句在复合句中用作宾语。宾语从句的引导词有that，what，who，which，when，where，how，why，whatever，whoever，whether等。

注意：(1)引导宾语从句的that常可省略，但当句中有两个或两个以上并列的宾语从句时，第二个和以后几个从句中的that不可省略。

(2)在think，consider等后常用it作句子的形式宾语而把真正的宾语that从句放在句末。

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Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I'm not sure ________ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.

[解析] 考查宾语从句。根据句意：我不确定谁受到了更大的惊吓，是我还是那只不知从何处突然蹦出来的雌性大猩猩。根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“谁”，故填who。

[答案] who

2．(2018·天津卷改编)The gold medal will be awarded to ________ wins the first place in the bicycle race.

[解析] 考查宾语从句。根据句意：金牌将会被颁发给在自行车比赛中获得第一的任何选手。本空需要连接词引导宾语从句，连接词在从句中作主语，指人，同时根据句意可知，应用whoever“……的任何人，无论谁”引导这个宾语从句。

[答案] whoever

3．(2014·广东卷)I didn't understand ________ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.

[解析] 根据语境此处应用why引导宾语从句。

[答案] why Ⅱ.单句改错

1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I was afraid that to speak in front of a large group of people. ____________

[解析] 考查连词。be afraid to do sth. “害怕做某事”为固定搭配，故that多余。 [答案] 去掉that

2．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing.____________

[解析] 根据语境，此句是宾语从句，用that来引导，不用where。 [答案] where→that或去掉where 要点三 表语从句

表语从句在复合句中作表语。表语从句的引导词有that(一般不可省略)，what，who，which，when，where，how，why，whether等。如：

My idea is that we should do it right away. 我的意见是马上就干。

另外，表语从句还可以用as if，as though，because等来引导。如： It is because he is too foolish. 那是因为他太蠢了。

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Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．(2018·北京卷改编)This is ________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.

[解析] 考查表语从句。根据句意：这是我父亲教我的—总是面对困难，并抱最大的希望。根据语境可知，此处用what引导表语从句。句中的to always face difficulties and hope for the best是what指代的内容。

[答案] what

2．(2018·江苏卷改编)By boat is the only way to get there, which is ________ we arrived.

[解析] 考查表语从句。根据句中的By boat可知，此处应用how引导表语从句，表示到达这里的方式。

[答案] how

3．(2014·全国卷Ⅰ改编)See the flag on the top of the building? That ________ we did this morning.

[解析] 根据句子结构，本句是表语从句，再根据后半句意思“我们今天早上所做的事

情”，所以应为what“……的事情”。

[答案] what

4．(2015·安徽卷改编)A ship in harbor is safe, but that's not ________ ships are built for.

[解析] 空格后的句子是表语从句，表语从句中for缺少宾语，故用what。 [答案] what Ⅱ.单句改错

(2016·北京卷改编)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is what one can be entirely free from dust.____________

[解析] 句意：雨季最令人愉快的事是人们可以完全摆脱灰尘。分析句子结构可以看出，需要连接词引导表语从句，且连词在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，故用that引导这个从句，不用what。

[答案] what→that 要点四 同位语从句

同位语从句是指用于名词后对该名词的内容进行解释说明的从句。如：

The judge paid no attention to the fact that she had just lost her husband. 这位法官忽略了她刚失去丈夫这一事实。

英语中只有少数名词后可接同位语从句，常见的有belief，doubt，fact，feeling，hope，idea，message，news，opinion等。

另外，同位语从句的引导词也比较有限，主要由that引导，有时也可用when，how，where，whether，who等，但是不能用if引导。如：

You have no idea how worried I am! 你不知道我多着急！

There is some doubt whether he will come. 他是否会来还不一定。

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Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．(2016·天津卷)The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.

[解析] 分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导同位语从句，解释说明suggestion的具体内容，且从句句意和句子成分完整，故用that。

[答案] that

2．(2014·重庆卷改编)—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?