专题六 非谓语动词常考点

非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。解答非谓语动词的题目时，一定要解析句子结构，确定所设空是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，以及非谓语动词在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补)；找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动)；搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。

非谓语 功能 主动式 动名词 具有名词功能，常在句中作主语，宾语 表主动和正在进行， 常在句中作定语， 状语，宾补 表被动和已完成，常在句中作定语，状语，补语 被动式 完成式 一般式 完成式 一般式 进行式 完成式 一般式 进行式 完成式 形式 doing being done having done/having been done doing having done done being done having been done to do/to be done to be doing to have done/to have been done 现在 分词 过去 分词 表将来具体某一次，常在句动词 中作主语，定语，状语，补不定式 语，宾语等

1 动名词和不定式作主语

①如果表语是不定式，主语也是不定式；表语是动名词，主语也是动名词。如： To see is to believe.＝Seeing is believing. ②动名词作主语的句型。如：

It is no use/no good/useless doing sth.

It is a waste of time doing(也可用It is a waste of time to do) ③动词不定式和动名词的复合结构： 动词不定式的复合结构有两种：It is difficult/easy/possible/necessary/...for sb. to do sth.和It is kind/wise/foolish/considerate/...of sb. to do。

动名词的复合结构是由名词所有格或“物主代词＋动名词”构成。在口语和非正式语体中，只要不是作主语，动名词复合结构中的逻辑主语常采用名词通格或人称代词宾格。如：

His coming made me happy.

I can't imagine his/him living there alone. ④动名词被动式作主语(过去分词不可作主语)。如：

Being exposed to the sunlight for a long time does harm to your skin.

完成下列句子：

①It's foolish ____________________________(你相信他说的话)． ②It's impossible ____________________________(他做这样的事)． ③Do you mind ____________________________(我抽烟)?

④It's no use ____________________________(你和他争辩)． ⑤________(go) abroad is an honour to me. ⑥________(take) abroad is an honour to me.

⑦________(devote) to his work made him succeed.

【答案】①of you to believe what he said ②for him to do such a thing ③my/me smoking ④your/you arguing with him ⑤Going ⑥Being taken ⑦Being devoted

2 动名词和不定式作宾语

①下面的动词要求用不定式作宾语： attempt(企图)，afford(负担得起)，demand(要求)，long(渴望)，desire(渴望)，expect，hope，wish，want，swear(发誓)，volunteer(自愿)，offer(提供)，fail(未能)，plan，care(关心，喜欢)，happen(碰巧)，prepare(准备)，learn(学习)，choose(选择)，hesitate(犹豫)，claim(要求)，promise，undertake(承接)，appear(似乎)，seek(寻觅)，refuse(拒绝)，decide(决定)，determine(决定)，manage(设法)，pretend(假装)，agree(同意)，bother(烦恼)，intend(想要)，wait(等待)

②下面的动词只能用动名词作宾语：

acknowledge(承认)，admit(承认)，deny(否认)，mention(说到，讲到)，tolerate/stand/bear(忍受)，dislike(不喜欢)，advocate(提倡，主张)，appreciate(感激，欣赏)，avoid(避免)，enjoy(享受)，envy(嫉妒)，delay(延迟)，postpone(延迟，延期)，escape(逃跑，逃避)，excuse/pardon/forgive(原谅)，fancy(幻想，爱好)，imagine(想象)，favour(造成，偏爱)，mind(介意)，miss(错过)，finish(完成)，resist(抵抗)，risk(冒险)，involve(包含)，practise(实践)，suggest/advise/recommend(建议)，prevent(阻止)，keep(保持)，quit/abandon(放弃，停止)，understand(理解)，include(包括)

③后接动名词作宾语的动词短语和句型有：

have(no/much/some/...) difficulty/trouble/a hard time(in)，take pleasure in，spend time/money (in)，waste time(in)，be worth，be busy，feel like，be committed to

④to作为介词的短语有：

look forward to，pay attention to，object to＝be opposed to，be devoted to，stick to，come close to(差一点)，get down to(开始认真做)，get/be accustomed/used to(doing), lead to＝contribute to(sb. doing/being done)

⑤allow，permit，forbid，advise，recommend的用法： allow/permit/forbid/advise/recommend＋doing

allow/permit/forbid/advise/recommend＋sb.＋to do如： I don't allow smoking in my room.

I don't allow him to smoke in my room.

用所给词的适当形式填空：

①We agreed ________(meet) here but so far she hasn't turned up yet. ②The discovery of the new evidence led to the thief ________(catch)． ③Janey pretended __________(write) when her mother came in.

④I can hardly imagine Peter ________(sail) across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.

⑤The doctor advised him ________(stop) smoking.

【答案】①to meet ②being caught ③to be writing ④sailing ⑤to stop

3 注意区别下列动词后接不定式和