中考英语语法考点纵览 10——状语从句
一、状语从句概述
1、状语从句的定义: 状语从句指用作状语,起副词作用的从句。
2、状语从句的分类: 时间状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、比较状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句 二、状语从句考点纵览
考点1:when, as和while引导的时间状语从句。
① when, as和while引导时间状语从句均表示“当……时候”。 典型例句
It was raining hard when I got to school yesterday. 当我昨天到学校的时候正在下雨。 While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang. 当他正在做作业的时候,电话响了。
As he walked along the lake, he sang happily. 他一边沿着湖边走,一边开心地唱着歌。 ② 时间状语从句引导词while, when和as的区别。
◆ when既可以指“时间点”,与瞬间动词连用,也可以指“时间段”,与延续性动
考点一: 时间状语从句
词连用(=while)。如:
When he came in, his mother was cooking. 当他进来的时候,他妈妈正在烧饭。 When (While) we were at school, we went to the library every day. 我们在学校的时候,我们每天都会去图书馆。
◆ while表示时间段,因此,while从句的谓语动词要用延续性动词。另外while还可以表示对比。如:
Please don't talk so loud while others are working. 别人在工作的时候请不要大声说话。 Tom’s brother was playing the computer games while Tom was studying hard. 汤姆的哥哥正在玩电脑游戏然而汤姆正在努力地学习。
◆ as与when用法相似,但着重强调主句动作与从句动作同时发生,有“随着……”或“一边……一边……”之意。
As you get older, you get more knowledge. 随着年龄的增长,你获得的知识就越多。
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考点2:before“在……之前”和after“在……之后”引导的时间状语从句。 典型例句
He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China. 在来中国之前,他已经学了点汉语了。
After he had finished middle school, he went to work in a factory. 中学毕业后,他就去工厂上班了。
考点3:until/till“直到……”引导的时间状语从句。
在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里,如果主句用肯定式,其含义是“一直到……时”,谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式,其含义是“直到……才……”, “在……以前不……”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。 典型例句
The young man read till the light went out. 这个年轻人读书一直读到关灯。 Let’s wait until the rain stops. 让我们等到雨停了吧。 We won’t start until Bob comes. 保罗来了我们才会开始。 Don’t get off until the bus stops. 直达公交车停了,再下车。
考点4:as soon as“一……就……”引导的时间状语从句。
As soon as I arrive, I will call you. 我一到我就给你打电话。
He will be happy as soon as he thinks of his childhood. 一想起他的童年,他就会很开心。
考点5:since“自从……”引导的时间状语从句。
since引导时间状语从句,表示主句的动作,从过去的某一点时间持续到现在,从句时态常用一般过去时,主句的时态一般用现在完成时。 典型例句
He has not written to me since he graduated from high school. 自从他中学毕业以来,一
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直没有写信给我。
We have known each other since we came to the school two years ago. 自从两年前来到学校以来,我们已彼此熟悉了。
考点6:在时间状语从句里,通常不用将来时态,用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。 典型例句
I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to New York. 我一到纽约,我就给你打电话。 I will tell him everything when he comes back. 当他回来时,我会告诉你关于他的一切。 He won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes. 只有他亲眼看到,他才会相信。
考点1:条件状语从句通常由if“如果……”, unless“除非……”引导。 典型例句
What shall we do if it snows tomorrow? 如果明天下雪,我们怎么办? Don’t leave the building unless I tell you to. 不要离开这栋楼除非我告诉你离开。
考点2:在条件状语从句里,谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。
考点二: 条件状语从句
典型例句
I’ll help you with your English if I am free tomorrow. 如果我明天有空,我就帮你学习英语。
He won’t be late unless he is ill. 除非他生病,否则他不会迟到的。
考点3:“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。 典型例句
Hurry up, or you’ll be late.
=If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late. 快点,不然你就迟到了。
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Study hard and you will pass the exam.
=If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 努力学习,你就会通过这次考试。
考点1:地点状语从句常常由where来引导。
考点三: 地点状语从句
Go where you like. 去你想去的地方。 Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。
考点1:原因状语从句通常由because, since, as和for引导。 典型例句
He didn’t come to school because he was ill. 因为生病了,所以他没来上学。 As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo. 因为下雨了,我们不去动物园了。
Since you can’t answer the question, I’ll ask someone else. 既然你回答不了这个问题,我就问其他人了。
He could not have seen me, for I was not there. 他不可能见过我, 因为我不在那里。
考点2:because,as,since和for 的区别。
考点四: 原因状语从句
because用于表示直接原因,回答why提出的问题,语气最强;as用于说明原因, 着重点在主句,常译成“由于”;since表示显然的或已知的理由或事实,常译成“既然”;for表示原因时,只能放在主句之后,起到补充说明的作用。 典型例句
---Why didn’t you go there? ---Because I didn’t want to. 你为什么没去那里,因为我不想去。
Water is very important because we can't live without it. 水非常重要因为我们生活离不开水。
He didn't come yesterday as his mother was ill. 他昨天没来,因为他妈生病了。 I'll do it for you since you are busy. 既然你忙,我就帮你做吧。
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨天晚上肯定下雨了,因为地是湿
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