3. Distinguish between direct and indirect causes and between major and minor causes.

4. Do not omit links in a chain of causes.

5. Be objective and support the analysis with solid, factual evidence.

Language tips

Try to avoid using because and as a result repeatedly in a cause-and-effect essay. Here are some other transitional words and phrases:

since, consequently, therefore, accordingly, because of, for that reason, thus, then, hence, due to, so …that, such … that, the more ... the more, result from, lead to, contribute to, cause, result in, be the reason

for, be the consequence of. Writing practice Topic:

Why learn the Chinese language? Introduction:

Thesis statement: In recent years more and more foreigners are beginning to take an interest in the Chinese language. Body:

Cause1: China’s ancient culture has attracted many people in the world. Cause2: China is enjoying rapid economic growth, and its economic and cultural exchange with other countries has increased continuously. Cause3: The Chinese language itself has charm in its characters and pronunciation. Conclusion:

The Chinese language is sure to spread more widely in the world.

Step Four oral reproduction 30 minutes Explain your choice on the following topic.

Suppose you are debating with your classmates. You want to show them why you choose to shop online. Part 1. Introduction

1. current situation about online shopping;

2. thesis statement: your feelings and impressions about the

online shopping

Part 2. Body (various reasons)

Cause 1. convenience of online shopping. Cause 2. goods online cheaper than in stores. Cause 3. access to wider range of options. Cause 4. privacy protection. Part 3. conclusion

The future of online shopping.

Step Five Summary 5 minutes

1. Revision of the useful expressions 1. 从美梦中惊醒 2. 被困在了机场 3. 飞行的奇妙感觉 4. 现代弊病的课程 5. 以非人的速度在空中穿 梭 6. 意识到旅行在提高创新 方面的价值 7. 以字义明确的散文方式 思考 8. 放松认知的链条 9. 体验异国文化

2. Revision of the writing devices and reading skills

课后作业：

1. Exercises after Text A & Text B 2. Essay writing:

Topic: Stressful life for kids

Introduction: Thesis statement: Some parents tend to expect too

steal away a lovely dream be stuck in the airport the wonder of being airborne a lesson in the ills of modernity move through space at an inhuman speed realize the creative benefits of travel think in finite, literal prose loosen the cognitive chains experience of an exotic culture much from their children. Body:

Cause 1: The harsh reality Cause 2: The peer pressure

Cause 3: Parents’ love for their kids

Conclusion: To set reasonable expectations for the kids is no easy, but is worth trying.

3. Oral reproduction: Make a speech on one of the following topics:

1) Why delay marriage? 2) The grain crisis 4. Preview Unit 5.

郑树棠. 新视野大学英语读写教程（第三版）第三册[M]. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2015.

郑树棠. 新视野大学英语读写教程（第三版）第三册教师用书[M]. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2015.

夏纪梅. 现代外语课堂设计理论与实践[M]. 上海：上海外语教育出版社，2003.

张道真. 实用英语语法大全[M]. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2002.

课后小结：

参考文献: