A. Positive. C. Critical.

【答案】8. A 9. B 10. C 11. D 【解析】 【分析】

B. Negative. D. Cautious.

这是一篇科普说明文。文章主要介绍一种能够转化可再生能源的新装置。 【8题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段“Now, researchers have created small lab-scale devices that do both jobs. If larger versions work as well, they would help make it possible—or at least more affordable—to run the world on renewables.”可知，现在，研究人员已经创造出了同时具备这两种功能的实验室规模的设备。如果更大的版本也能发挥作用，它们将有助于使世界上使用可再生能源成为可能——或者至少更经济实惠。所以通过关键词“ small lab-scale devices ，if引导的条件状语从从句”可以推断出，这种新装置大规模地投入使用还需拭目以待。故选A项。 【9题详解】

主旨大意题。由第二段“The market for such technologies has grown along with renewables”可知，这类技术的市场随着可再生能源的发展而增长以及对市场增长的具体介绍可知，第二段主要说明这个新装置潜在的市场很大。故选B项。 【10题详解】

推理判断题。由第三段“But commercial electrolyzers and fuel cells use different catalysts (催化剂) to speed up the two reactions, meaning a single device can t do both jobs. The researchers must conquer this.”可知，但是商业电解器和燃料电池用不同的催化剂加速这两种反应，这意味着一个设备不能同时做这两件事。研究人员必须攻克这个难题。这个难题是必须攻克的，也是研究人员下一步要集中解决的问题。所以推断出，接下来研究人员会主攻这两种反应能够共用的催化剂。故选C项。 【11题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段“Still, she holds a cautious view that both her new device and the one from the O’Hayre lab are small laboratory demonstrations. For the technology to have a societal impact, researchers will need to scale up the button-size devices, a process that typically reduces performance.”可知，不过，她提醒说，她的新设备和来自奥海雷实验室小型的实验室演示。为了让这项技术产生社会影响，研究人员需要增加这种纽扣大小设备的产量，但是这一过程通常会降低其性能。所以通过Haile的观点可以推断出，她对这个新装置的未来

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持谨慎的态度，虽然实验室成功了，但并不代表量产就没有问题。没有盲目自信也没有消极放弃。故选D项。

【点睛】根据文章中人物所说的话的内容是解决推理判断题的重要方法，因为通过所说的内容，我们可以判断出，作者所要想表达的观点是积极的还是消极的，是中立的还是支持或者否定某一方，对事情是关心的还是冷漠的。是在提出建议还是在提出具体的解决措施。

根据最后一段“Still, she holds a cautious view that both her new device and the one from the O’Hayre lab are small laboratory demonstrations. For the technology to have a societal impact, researchers will need to scale up the button-size devices, a process that typically reduces performance.”可知，不过，她提醒说，她的新设备和来自奥海雷实验室小型的实验室演示。为了让这项技术产生社会影响，研究人员需要增加这种纽扣大小设备的产量，但是这一过程通常会降低其性能。所以通过Haile的观点可以推断出，她对这个新装置的未来持谨慎的态度，虽然实验室成功了，但并不代表量产就有没问题。没有盲目自信也没有消极放弃。故小题4选D项。

D

It is a question that has long puzzled scientists—exactly why are tigers orange? One might think it makes them more obvious-particularly against a leafy green forest background. William Blake summed it up in his famous poem known by generations of schoolchildren: “Tyger, tyger, burning bright / In the forest of the night.” But now the answer is at hand.

While obvious to us, computer simulations (模拟) of what the big cats look to the main animals they hunt for, deer, show a different picture. Humans with normal colour vision, can see red, blue and green colours. But deer can only pick up blue and green light, they are effectively colourblind to the colour red, like some humans. It means the tigers’ orange colouration looks green to them, allowing them to mix perfectly into the background, new research claims.

Dr John Fennell at the University of Bristol and colleagues said that they used computers to estimate how noticeable a given animal was. They did this by using images of the environment in which the animal lives, and then creating images to see whether the camouflage helps the animal to mix in. Dr Fennell writes that by simulating what the world looks like to animals who are “two-colour

vision”—someone who cannot discover the difference between red and green—“we also identify the most suitable colours for hiding and visibility”.

Dr Fennell writes in the Royal Society Journal Inter face: “Considering the coat of a tiger, it has fur that appears

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orange to a three-colour vision observer rather than some shade of green, though the latter should be more appropriate color for an attack hunter in forests. However, when viewed as a two-colour vision observer, the tiger’s colour is very effective.”

The question then arises as to why tigers don’t grow green coats. Dr Fennell and colleagues write that mammals (哺乳动物) are not able to produce green fur. To do so would “require a significant change to mammalian biochemistry”. There is only one mammal known to have green fur but this is achieved through what might be considered as, well, cheating, not exactly real.

12. Why does the author mention the poem in paragraph 1? A. To arouse reader s interest in poems. B. To show the authors respect to the poet. C. To answer the question of the color of the tiger D. To stress the noticeable color of the tiger to us. 13. What color is inexistent in the eyes of deer? A. Black. B. Red. C. Blue.

D. Green.

14. What does the underlined word “camouflage” mean in paragraph 3? A. The cover of something. B. The images of something. C. The way of hiding something. D. The way of hunting for something.

15. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. The colour of tigers sometimes cheats people. B. Getting green may prevent tigers from being extinct. C. There are no mammals with real green fur in the world. D. The tigers’ fur will probably evolve into green in the future. 【答案】12. D 13. B 14. C 15. C 【解析】 【分析】

这是一篇说明文。为什么老虎是橙色的？这个长期困扰科学家的问题终于被科学家们破解了。

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【12题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段中的It is a question that has long puzzled scientists—exactly why are tigers orange? One might think it makes them more obvious-particularly against a leafy green forest background.可知，这是一个长期困扰科学家的问题——为什么老虎是橙色的?有人可能会认为这让它们变得更加显眼——尤其是在茂密的绿色森林背景下。所以通过提到英国诗人和画家威廉·布雷克的一首诗的内容可以判断出，此处是为了例证文章开头的陈述——对于我们人类来说，老虎的颜色太显眼了。故选D。 【13题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段中的It means the tigers’ orange colouration looks green to them, allowing them to mix perfectly into the background, new research claims.以及第四段 中的...animals who are “two-colour vision”— someone who cannot discover the difference between red and green.可知，这意味着老虎的橙色在它们看来是绿色的，这使得老虎可以完美地融入周围的背景，双基色的动物无法分辨红色和绿色，也就是说，在鹿的眼中是没有红色系的颜色。故选B。 【14题详解】

词义猜测题。根据第三段中的They did this by using images of the environment in which the animal lives, and then creating images to see whether the camouflage helps the animal to mix in.可知，他们通过使用动物所处环境的图像来做到这一点，然后创建图像来观察伪装方式是否有助于动物分不清它们。所以通过上下文的语境可以判断出，第3段下划线的camouflage一词是指隐藏的方式。故选C。 15题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段中的mammals (哺乳动物) are not able to produce green fur. There is only one mammal known to have green fur but this is achieved through what might be considered as, well, cheating, not exactly real.可知，哺乳动物无法长出绿色皮毛。世上已知的哺乳动物中只有一种有绿色皮毛但却是通过被认为可能是欺诈的手段才实现的，不是真正的绿色。所以通过关键词are not able to produce green fur, cheating, not exactly real可推断出，世界上没有绿色皮毛的哺乳动物。故选C。

【点睛】抓住特定信息进行逆向或者正向推理。做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。如第4小题，根据最后一段中的 mammals (哺乳动物) are not able to produce green fur. There is only one mammal known to have green fur but this is achieved through what might be considered as, well, cheating, not exactly real.可知，哺乳动物无法长出绿色皮毛。世上已知的哺乳动物中只有一种有绿色皮毛但却是通过被认为可能是欺诈的手段才实现的，不是真正的绿色。所以通过关键词are not able to produce green fur, cheating, not exactly

【

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